Elisabeth Gottschalk
{{Short description|Dutch historical geographer (1912–1989)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Elisabeth Gottschalk
| image = File:Elisabeth Gottschalk.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Elisabeth Gottschalk (1964)
| birth_name = Maria Karoline Elisabeth Gottschalk
| birth_date = {{birth date|1912|10|28|df=y}}
| birth_place = Mönchengladbach, Kingdom of Prussia, Germany
| death_date = {{death date and age|1989|09|14|1912|10|28|df=y}}
| death_place = Amsterdam, Netherlands
| alma_mater = University of Utrecht
| notable_works = Stormvloeden en rivieroverstromingen in Nederland (1971–1977)
}}
Maria Karoline Elisabeth Gottschalk{{efn|Also Marie Karoline Elisabeth Gottschalk.}} (28 October 1912 – 14 September 1989) was a German-born Dutch historical geographer and professor. She was noted for Stormvloeden en rivieroverstromingen in Nederland (Storm surges and river floods in the Netherlands), a three volume study into the historical storm surges and river floods, which is considered a standard work which corrected the existing theories behind storm surges.
Biography
Gottschalk was born on 28 October 1912 in Mönchengladbach, Germany. She became a teacher in Margraten, Netherlands. In 1938, she changed to Dutch nationality. During World War II, she started to research the historical geography of Zeelandic Flanders, but lost her research papers during the war.{{cite web|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Gottschalk |title=Gottschalk, Marie Karoline Elisabeth (1912-1989)|website=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland|access-date=2 January 2022|language=nl}}
In 1949, Gottschalk started studying social geography at the University of Utrecht, and graduated in 1952. In 1955, she obtained her doctorate cum laude with Historische Geografie van Westelijk Zeeuws-Vlaanderen which was a poorly documented subject.{{cite journal|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_1957_num_35_1_2027_t1_0125_0000_1 |title=Gottschalk (M. Κ. Ε.). Historische geografie van Westelijk Zeeuws- Vlaanderen. I. Tot de Sint-Elisabethsvloed van 1404|author=G. van Acker|journal=Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire|year=1957|language=nl|access-date=2 January 2022}} In 1962, she became lector historical geography at the University of Amsterdam.
In 1971, Gottschalk published the first volume of Stormvloeden en rivieroverstromingen in Nederland in which she researched the storm surges and river floods before 1400, and corrected many errors in the existing history, and discovered surges which were based on legends instead of facts. She proved that many more factors played a role, and corrected the theories behind the development of the Zuiderzee and the Dollart.{{cite web|url=https://www.dbnl.nl/tekst/_naa002197101_01/_naa002197101_01_0012.php |title=Boekbesprekingen|pages=195–196|magazine=Naamkunde|year=1971|author=D.P. Blok|access-date=2 January 2022|language=nl}}{{cite news|url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?query=Elisabeth+Gottschalk&identifier=ddd:010618804:mpeg21:a0384&resultsidentifier=ddd:010618804:mpeg21:a0384&rowid=6 |title=Baanbrekend boek van Dr.Gottschalk|website=Leeuwarder Courant|date=21 August 1971|access-date=2 January 2022|language=nl}} In 1977, the third and final volume was published which was described by the Leeuwarder Courant as the standard work on floods in the Netherlands.{{cite news|url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?query=Elisabeth+Gottschalk&coll=ddd&page=1&facets%5Bperiode%5D%5B%5D=1%7C20e_eeuw%7C1970-1979%7C&identifier=ddd:010620694:mpeg21:a0502&resultsidentifier=ddd:010620694:mpeg21:a0502&rowid=3 |title=Standaardwerk van Professor Gottschalk voltooid|website=Leeuwarder Courant|date=10 December 1977|access-date=2 January 2022|language=nl}}
Gottschalk retired on 1 January 1978,{{cite web|url=https://albumacademicum.uva.nl/id/id000692 |title=Dr. M.K.E. Gottschalk, 1912 - 1989|website=Album Academicum University of Amsterdam|access-date=2 January 2022|language=nl}} and died on 14 September 1989 in Amsterdam, at the age of 76.{{cite news|url=https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?query=Elisabeth+Gottschalk&coll=ddd&identifier=ABCDDD:010827371:mpeg21:a0129&resultsidentifier=ABCDDD:010827371:mpeg21:a0129&rowid=4 |title=Prof. dr. M.K. Elisabeth Gottschalk|website=Trouw|date=20 September 1989|language=nl|access-date=2 January 2022}}{{cite web |author=J.D. van der Tuin |date=May 1996 |title=Studies naar het ontstaan van stormvloeden in Nederland |url=https://puc.overheid.nl/PUC/Handlers/DownloadDocument.ashx?identifier=PUC_62058_31&versienummer=1 |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=Waterloopkundig Laboratorium |language=nl}}{{cite web|url=https://www.flevolandsgeheugen.nl/page/9388/maria-karoline-elisabeth-gottschalk |title=Gottschalk, Maria Karoline Elisabeth|website=Flevolands Geheugen|access-date=2 January 2022|language=nl}}
Notes
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References
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Category:People from Mönchengladbach
Category:Utrecht University alumni
Category:Academic staff of the University of Amsterdam
Category:Historical geographers
Category:Dutch women scientists
Category:20th-century Dutch educators