Elizabeth Hardy (chemist)

Elizabeth MacGregor Hardy was born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada to parents Thomas Woodburne Hardy and Margaret Ada (Graham) Hardy. Hardy attended McGill University and graduated with a Bachelor in Science in 1938.{{Cite book|title=American Men & Women of Science|publisher=R.R. Bowker Company|year=1982|location=New York and Longon |pages=488}} In 1939, Hardy obtained a Master of Arts degree from Bryn Mawr College. She went on to earn a Ph.D. in organic chemistry in 1942 at Bryn Mawr College, working in the labs of Arthur C. Cope.

Hardy and Evelyn Hancock, another graduate student, coauthored nearly half of Cope's papers from Bryn Mawr.{{cite journal | title = Arthur Clay Cope | author-last1 = Roberts | author-first1 = John D. | author-last2 = Sheehan | author-first2 = John C. | journal = Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences | year = 1991 | volume = 60 | pages = 17–27 | url = http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/acope.pdf | access-date = 2019-10-31 | archive-date = 2011-06-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110607062827/http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/acope.pdf | url-status = dead }}

Hardy went on to work for American Cyanamid.{{cite journal |last1=Wilson |first1=Anne M. |title=Harry S. Mosher and Arthur C. Cope, Early Organic Chemists Who Mentored Women |journal=Bulletin for the History of Chemistry |date=2009 |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=21–29 |url=http://acshist.scs.illinois.edu/bulletin_open_access/v34-1/v34-1%20p21-29.pdf |access-date=1 November 2019}}

Hardy worked as assistant professor of organic chemistry at Bryn Mawr College in 1939 and 1940. In the years 1942–1958, Hardy worked as a chemist at Calco Chemical Division, subsequently she worked as a literature chemist at Lederle Labs from 1958 to 1975. After working for Lederle, Hardy worked as a senior resident literature chemist for American Cyanamid Company from 1975 on. She was a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Chemical Society and Chemical Institute of Canada. Hardy worked in a number of different research areas including molecular rearrangements, preparation of unsaturated esters and ketones, vat dyestuffs, esterification of leuco vat dyes, organosulfur compounds, and pharmaceutical chemistry.

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Hardy has a considerable number of publications and patents under her name and in collaboration with other scientists.

• The Introduction of Substituted Vinyl Groups. V. A Rearrangement Involving the Migration of an Allyl Group in a Three-Carbon System. Arthur C. Cope and Elizabeth M. Hardy. Publication date: February 1, 1940 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 2, 441-444 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01859a055
• The Introduction of Substituted Vinyl Groups. VI. The Regeneration of Substituted Vinyl Malonic Esters from their Sodium Enolates. Arthur C. Cope and Elizabeth M. Hardy. Publication date: December 1, 1940 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 12, 3319-3323 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01869a013
• The Rearrangement of Allyl Groups in Three-Carbon Systems. Arthur C. Cope, Corris M. Hofmann and Elizabeth M. Hardy. Publication date: July 1, 1941 . Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 7, 1852-1857 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01852a014
• Aminoalcohols and their Esters. Evelyn M. Hancock, Elizabeth M. Hardy, Dorothea Heyl, Mary Elizabeth Wright and Arthur C. Cope. Publication date: October 1, 1944 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 10, 1747-1752 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01238a039
• Study of the Aqueous Esterification of Anthrahydroquinones. Mario Scalera, William B. Hardy, Elizabeth M. Hardy and Asa W. Joyce. Publication Date:July 1, 1951J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 7, 3094-3099 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01151a036
• Some new methods for preparing bunte salts. Hans Z. Lecher and Elizabeth M. Hardy. Publication date: April 1, 1955 J. Org. Chem. 1955, 20, 4, 475-487 https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01122a010
• Manufacture of sulphuric ester salts of phenols. Hans Z. Lecher, Plainfleld, Mario Scalera, Somerville, Elizabeth M. Hardy, Bound Brook. Patented: June 25, 1946{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US2402647A/en|title=United States Patent Office|last=Application January 17, 1944, Serial No. 518,585}}
• Preparation of pentaalkylguanidines. Hans Z. Lecher, Plainfleld, Elizabeth M. Hardy, Bound Brook, Clement L. Kosloski, North Easton. Patented: July 29, 1958{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US2845459A/en|title=United States Patent Office|last=Application May 21, 1956 Serial No. 585,972}}
• Trichloromethyl benzenethio-sulfonates. Elizabeth M. Hardy and John F. Hosler, Bound Brook, Glentworth Lamb, Stamford. Patented: March 24, 1959{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US2879198A/en|title=United States Patent Office|last=Application May 17, 1957. Serial No.659,764|date=17 May 1957 }}
• Trichloromethyl 2-methoxy-5-phosphono-benzenethiolsulfonate pesticides. Elizabeth M. Hardy, Hohokus Patented: January 16, 1962 {{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US3017321A/en|title=United States Patent Office|last=Filed: April 22, 1959, Ser. No. 807980}}
• Preparation of s-aryl-thiosulfuric acids. Hans Z. Lecher, Plainfleld, Elizabeth M. Hardy, Bound Brook. Patented: April 12, 1955{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US2706200A/en|title=United States Patent Office|last=Application May 14, 1953, Serial No. 355,178}}
• Preparation of s-aryl-thiosulfuric acids. Hans Z. Lecher, Plainfleld, Elizabeth M. Hardy, Bound Brook. Patented: July 5, 1955{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US2712547A/en|title=United States Patent Office|last=Application April 7, 1954, Serial No. 421,700}}
• 4-alkylmorpholine sulfur trioxide compounds. Mario Scalera, Somerville, Charles T. Lester, De Kalb, Elizabeth M. Hardy, Bound Brook. Patented: November 30, 1948{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US2454978A/en|title=United States Patent Office|last=Application January 18, 1946, Serial No. 642,102}}
• Soluble vat dyes of the acridone series. William B. Hardy and Elizabeth M. Hardy, Bound Brook. Patented: August 18, 1953{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US2649452A/en|title=United States Patent Office|last=Application January 17, 1951, Serial No. 206,516}}

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Category:1915 births

Category:2008 deaths

Category:American women chemists

Category:20th-century American chemists

Category:American organic chemists

Category:Bryn Mawr College alumni

Category:20th-century American women scientists

Category:McGill University alumni