Elizabeth Siddal

{{Short description|Pre-Raphaelite model, artist, and poet (1829–1862)}}

{{Infobox person

|name = Elizabeth Siddal

|birth_name = Elizabeth Eleanor Siddall

|image = Siddal-photo.jpg

|caption = Siddal, {{circa|1860}}

|birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1829|7|25}}

|birth_place = Holborn, London, England

|death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1862|2|11|1829|7|25}}

|death_place = Blackfriars, London, England

|burial_place= Highgate Cemetery, London

|occupation = {{cslist|Artist|poet|artist's model}}

|other_names = Elizabeth Rossetti

|spouse = {{marriage|Dante Gabriel Rossetti|23 May 1860}}

}}

Elizabeth Eleanor Siddall (25 July 1829 – 11 February 1862), better known as Elizabeth Siddal (a spelling she adopted in 1853{{efn|At the suggestion of her future husband Dante Gabriel Rossetti, she shortened her surname to Siddal. She was also known by the diminutives such as Lizzie, the Sid, Gug, Guggums, and Dove.{{sfn |Sonstroem |1970 |p=[https://archive.org/details/rossettifairlady0000sons/page/44/mode/2up 45]}}{{cite web |title=Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Head of Elizabeth Siddal (1855) |website=Cove |date=2019-12-17 |url=https://editions.covecollective.org/content/dante-gabriel-rossetti-head-elizabeth-siddal-1855 |access-date=2023-05-04 |archive-date=4 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504235706/https://editions.covecollective.org/content/dante-gabriel-rossetti-head-elizabeth-siddal-1855 |url-status=live }} Her first signed work in 1853 bears the signature E. E. Siddal.{{cite web |last=Snow |first=Emily |title=7 Pre-Raphaelite Artworks by Elizabeth Siddal |website=TheCollector |date=2023-03-06 |at=6. The Lady of Shalott, by Elizabeth Siddal |url=https://www.thecollector.com/pre-raphaelite-artworks-by-elizabeth-siddal/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415213236/https://www.thecollector.com/pre-raphaelite-artworks-by-elizabeth-siddal/ |url-status=live }} Her legal surname name after her marriage was Rossetti.{{cite news |title=Death of a Lady from an Overdose of Laudanum |newspaper=Sheffield Independent |location=Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England |date=15 February 1862 |department=Miscellaneous |page=3 |oclc=610063112 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000181/18620215/005/0003 |url-access=subscription |via=British Newspaper Archive}} Eliza Eleanor Rossetti's Obituary }}), was an English artist, art model, and poet. Siddal was perhaps the most significant of the female models who posed for the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. Their ideas of female beauty were fundamentally influenced and personified by her. Walter Deverell and William Holman Hunt painted Siddal, and she was the model for John Everett Millais's famous painting Ophelia (1852). Early in her relationship with Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Siddal became his muse and exclusive model, and he portrayed her in almost all his early artwork depicting women.

Siddal became an artist in her own right and was the only woman to exhibit at an 1857 Pre-Raphaelite exhibition. Significant collections of her artworks can be found at Wightwick Manor and the Ashmolean Museum. Sickly and melancholic during the last decade of her life, Siddal died of a laudanum overdose in 1862 during her second year of marriage to Rossetti.

Early life

Elizabeth Eleanor Siddall, named after her mother, was born on 25 July 1829,{{sfn |Walker |2018 |p=24}} at the family's home at 7{{spaces}}Charles Street, Hatton Garden,{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/8/mode/2up 9]}} at the time in the parish of Saffron Hill, Hatton Garden, Ely Rents and Ely Place in central London. Her parents were Charles Crooke Siddall, and Elizabeth Eleanor Evans, from a family of English and Welsh descent.{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/6/mode/2up 7]}} She had two older siblings, Ann and Charles Robert.{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/8/mode/2up 8]}} At the time of her birth, her father had a cutlery-making business.{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/6/mode/2up 7]}}

About 1831, the Siddall family moved to the less affluent borough of Southwark, in south London.{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/10/mode/2up 11]}} The remainder of the Siddall children were born in Southwark: Lydia, to whom she was particularly close; Mary, Clara, James and Henry.{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/12/mode/2up 12]}} Elizabeth Eleanor Siddall "received an ordinary education, conformable to her condition in life" and first "read Tennyson ... by finding one or two poems of his on a piece of paper" that had been wrapped around some butter.{{sfn |Rossetti |Rossetti |Hartley |1903 |p=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=gri.ark:/13960/t9q30bv43&view=1up&seq=359 273]}} Literary analysts have noted that her artwork sometimes used subjects from Tennyson's writings and that his writings may have influenced her poetry.{{cite journal |last=Hassett |first=Constance W. |author-link=wikidata:Q117479474 |title=Elizabeth Siddal's Poetry: A Problem and Some Suggestions |journal=Victorian Poetry |publisher=West Virginia University Press |volume=35 |issue=4 |year=1997 |issn=0042-5206 |jstor=40002261 |pages=443–470 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40002261 |access-date=2023-04-09 |url-access=registration |archive-date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409222919/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40002261 |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last=Ehnenn |first=Jill R. |title='Strong Traivelling': Re-visions of Women's Subjectivity and Female Labor in the Ballad-work of Elizabeth Siddal |journal=Victorian Poetry |publisher=West Virginia University Press |volume=52 |issue=2 |year=2014 |issn=0042-5206 |jstor=43592688 |pages=251–276 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/43592688 |access-date=2023-04-09 |url-access=registration |archive-date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409231455/https://www.jstor.org/stable/43592688 |url-status=live }}{{sfn |Woolley |2021 |pp=143–195}}

Pre-Raphaelite model

File:Deverell Walter Howell Twelfth Night Act II Scene IV.jpg

File:John Everett Millais - Ophelia - Google Art Project.jpg (1851–52)]]

In 1849, while working at a millinery in Cranbourne Alley, London,{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/n13/mode/2up 1]}}{{sfn |Prose |2013 |p=[https://archive.org/details/livesofmusesnine0000pros_x1g5/page/105/mode/2up 105]}} Siddal made the acquaintance of Walter Deverell. Accounts differ on the circumstances of their meeting. One account is that she became acquainted with Deverell's father, who worked at the Government School of Design, then at Somerset House. Siddal showed some of her artwork to him, and he introduced her to his son.{{cite web |title=Elizabeth Siddal's Sketch for 'La Belle Dame sans merci' |website=Delaware Art Museum |date=2020-06-17 |url=https://delart.org/elizabeth-siddals-sketch-for-la-belle-dame-sans-merci/ |access-date=2023-04-25 |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425045449/https://delart.org/elizabeth-siddals-sketch-for-la-belle-dame-sans-merci/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last=Owens |first=Susan |title=Out of the Shadows |website=Literary Review |date=2023-04-25 |url=https://literaryreview.co.uk/out-of-the-shadows-2 |access-date=2023-04-25 |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425045449/https://literaryreview.co.uk/out-of-the-shadows-2 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=I. |first=W. |title=The Death of Mrs. D. G. {{sic|Rosetta|expected=Rossetti|hide=y}} |newspaper=Sheffield Independent |department=To the editor |location=Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England |date=18 February 1862 |page=2 |oclc=610063112 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000181/18620218/006/0002 |url-access=subscription |via=The British Newspaper Archive}} In another account, William Allingham visited the milliner's to meet a woman he was acquainted with and admired; Siddal was the woman's co-worker and joined the pair on their walk home, as it was the women's usual practice to travel home from work together. Siddal made such an impression on Allingham that he recommended her as a possible model to his friend Deverell, who was struggling with a large oil painting based on the Shakespeare play Twelfth Night.{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/n15/mode/2up 3]–[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/4/mode/2up 4]}}

A third account has Deverell accompanying his mother to the millinery where he noticed Siddal in the back of the shop.{{sfn|Stephens |1894 |p=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=gri.ark:/13960/t1ng8kq84&view=1up&seq=43&skin=2021 35]}} In any case, Deverell later described Siddal as "magnificently tall, with a lovely figure, and a face of the most delicate and finished modelling{{spaces}}... she has grey eyes, and her hair is like dazzling copper, and shimmers with luster."{{sfn |Shefer |1985 |pp=437–438}} Deverell subsequently employed Siddal as a model and introduced her to the Pre-Raphaelites.{{Cite episode |title=Elizabeth Siddal and the Pre-Raphaelite women, Fibres – a play about asbestos, Women's cricket |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0009jc6 |access-date=2023-04-09 |series=Womans' Hour |series-link=Woman's Hour |first1=Jan |last1=Marsh |author1-link=Jan Marsh |first2=Allison |last2=Smith |author2-link=Alison Smith (curator) |network=BBC Radio 4 |date=2019-10-19 |minutes=43 |archive-date=1 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201023536/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0009jc6 |url-status=live }} The segment featured an interview with an author and a curator about Siddal before the Pre-Raphaelite Sisters exhibition and included an excerpt of Plot 5779 Unearthing Elizabeth Siddal.

As with the other Pre-Raphaelites, Deverell took his inspiration directly from life rather than from an idealized classical figure. In his Twelfth Night painting, he based Orsino on himself, Feste on his friend Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Viola/Cesario on Siddal. This was the first time Siddal sat as a model.{{sfn |Marsh |1985 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/preraphaelitesis00mars/page/15/mode/2up 15]–[https://archive.org/details/preraphaelitesis00mars/page/17/mode/2up 18]}} According to William Michael Rossetti, Dante Gabriel's brother, "Deverell drew another Viola from her, in an etching for The Germ."{{harvnb |Rossetti |Rossetti |Hartley |1903 |p=[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/gri.ark:/13960/t9q30bv43?urlappend=%3Bseq=360 274]}}{{cite journal |last=Bryant |first=Barbara |title=Recovering Walter Howell Deverell: Image, Identity and Portraiture in Pre-Raphaelite Art |journal=Australasian Journal of Victorian Studies |volume=22 |number=2 |year=2018 |publisher=Australasian Victorian Studies Association |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/AJVS/article/view/11330/12034 |via=National Library of Australia |oclc=1076617862 |pages=1–23}} Elaine Shefer asserts that Deverell portrayed Siddal in A Pet and The Grey Parrot.{{sfn |Shefer |1985 |p=437}}

William Holman Hunt painted her in A Converted British Family Sheltering a Christian Missionary from the Persecution of the Druids (1849–1850) and Two Gentlemen of Verona, Valentine Rescuing Sylvia From Proteus (1850 or 1851).{{cite web |last=Hawksley |first=Lucinda |title=The tragedy of art's greatest supermodel |website=BBC Culture |date=3 January 2020 |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200103-the-tragedy-of-arts-greatest-supermodel |access-date=22 December 2021 |archive-date=22 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222042239/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200103-the-tragedy-of-arts-greatest-supermodel |url-status=live }}

For John Everett Millais's Ophelia, Siddal floated in a bathtub full of water to portray the drowning Ophelia. Millais painted daily through the winter, putting oil lamps under the tub to warm the water. On one occasion, the lamps went out and the water became icy cold. Millais, absorbed by his painting, did not notice and Siddal did not complain. After this, she became ill with a severe cold or pneumonia. Her father held Millais responsible and, under the threat of legal action, Millais paid her doctor's bills.{{cite web |title=The Story of Ophelia – Look Closer |website=Tate |date=2 August 2017 |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/millais-ophelia-n01506/story-ophelia |access-date=22 December 2021 |archive-date=11 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911074032/http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/millais-ophelia-n01506/story-ophelia |url-status=live }}

Siddal came to either embody or influence the Pre-Raphaelite ideals of feminine beauty.{{cite web |last=Hughes |first=Rebecca Ann |title=Tate exhibition spotlights overlooked female Pre-Raphaelite artist |website=euronews |date=2023-04-15 |url=https://www.euronews.com/culture/2023/04/15/new-show-shines-light-on-muse-elizabeth-siddals-overlooked-influence-on-the-pre-raphaelite |access-date=2023-05-08 |archive-date=8 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508184013/https://www.euronews.com/culture/2023/04/15/new-show-shines-light-on-muse-elizabeth-siddals-overlooked-influence-on-the-pre-raphaelite |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Elizabeth Eleanor Siddal 1829–1862 |website=Tate |date=2022-06-10 |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/elizabeth-eleanor-siddal-494 |access-date=2023-05-08 |archive-date=8 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508185514/https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/elizabeth-eleanor-siddal-494 |url-status=live }}

Artwork and poetry

{{See also|Elizabeth Siddal#Selected works|label 1=Selected works section}}

File:Siddal-self-portrait.jpg

In 1853, Siddal signed The Lady of Shalott as "E. E. Siddal", the first time she had signed one of her works and an early instance of her shortened surname. By that same year, Rossetti had taken Siddal on as a student.{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/48/mode/2up 48]}} He told his friend Ford Madox Brown that her "fecundity of invention and facility are quite wonderful, much greater than mine".{{cite web |last=McLaren |first=Iona |title=Was Elizabeth Siddal the real brains behind the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood? |website=The Telegraph |date=2023-03-24 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/art/what-to-see/tate-britains-rossettis-exhibition-suggests-model-elizabeth/ |access-date=2023-04-07 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407000551/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/art/what-to-see/tate-britains-rossettis-exhibition-suggests-model-elizabeth/ |url-status=live }} Siddal seems to have inspired Rossetti, as he followed her in depicting the same subjects, and he reused her designs after her death.

Siddal's 1854 self-portrait (see right) diverged from the Pre-Raphaelites' typical idealised beauty.{{cite web |last=Wyver |first=Kate |title=Muse and model or painter-poet? Elizabeth Siddal given fresh portrait |website=The Guardian |date=2021-09-07 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2021/sep/07/pre-raphaelite-muse-elizabeth-siddal-rashdash-theatre |access-date=2023-04-14 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410174441/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2021/sep/07/pre-raphaelite-muse-elizabeth-siddal-rashdash-theatre |url-status=live }} As Anna Solomon wrote, "she depicts herself looking harsher, angrier and less attractive than the languid Siddal of the Pre-Raphaelite paintings."{{cite web |last=Solomon |first=Anna |title=The Rossettis: Inside Europe's most culturally influential family |website=Luxury London |date=2023-04-06 |url=https://luxurylondon.co.uk/culture/art/the-rossettis-tate-britain-exhibition-dante-gabriel-christina/ |access-date=2023-04-20 |archive-date=20 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420042108/https://luxurylondon.co.uk/culture/art/the-rossettis-tate-britain-exhibition-dante-gabriel-christina/ |url-status=live }} From 1855 to 1857, art critic John Ruskin subsidised her career and paid £150 per year in exchange for all the drawings and paintings she produced. She produced many sketches, drawings, and watercolours as well as one oil painting. Her sketches are similar to other Pre-Raphaelite compositions illustrating Arthurian legend and other idealized medieval themes, and she was the only woman who exhibited with the Pre-Raphaelites at an 1857 exhibition at No. 4 Russell Place, Fitzroy Square, London.{{citation |last=Lanigan |first=Dennis T. |title=The First Pre-Raphaelite Group Exhibition |date=Spring 2008 |oclc=229860172 |journal=Journal of Pre-Raphaelite Studies |volume=17 |pages=9–19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427195916/http://jprs.apps01.yorku.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/jprsSpring08Lanigan.pdf |archive-date=27 April 2023 |url-status=dead |issn=1060-149X |url=http://jprs.apps01.yorku.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/jprsSpring08Lanigan.pdf |access-date=15 April 2023 }}{{cite journal |last=Bradley |first=Laurel |title=Elizabeth Siddal: Drawn into the Pre-Raphaelite Circle |journal=Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies |publisher=JSTOR |volume=18 |issue=2 |year=1992 |issn=0069-3235 |doi=10.2307/4101558 |jstor=4101558 |pages=136–145, 187 |oclc=5546369860}} That same year, Siddal studied at the Sheffield School of Art.{{sfn |Marsh |1988 |p=72}}

During Siddal's career as an artist and poet from 1852 to 1861, she produced more than a hundred works.{{cite web |last=Snow |first=Emily |title=Who Was Elizabeth Siddal, Pre-Raphaelite Artist & Muse? |website=TheCollector |date=2022-11-16 |url=https://www.thecollector.com/who-was-elizabeth-siddal-pre-raphaelite-muse/ |access-date=2023-04-14 |archive-date=14 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414053557/https://www.thecollector.com/who-was-elizabeth-siddal-pre-raphaelite-muse/ |url-status=live }} Unpublished during her lifetime, her poetry often dwelt on dark themes, lost love, or the impossibility of true love. Her small poetic output was nonetheless accomplished. Constance Hassett wrote that "Siddal's poetry ranges from the perfectly realized ballad narrative, to its opposite, the overheard lyric, and to something in between, the made-to-be heard monologue." Critic William Gaunt wrote that "Her verses were as simple and moving as ancient ballads; her drawings were as genuine in their medieval spirit as much more highly finished and competent works of Pre-Raphaelite art."{{sfn |Gaunt |1972 |p=[https://archive.org/details/preraphaelitedre0000gaun_g7r8/page/64/mode/2up 64]}}

Relationship with Rossetti

File:Dante Gabriel Rossetti - Elizabeth Siddal Seated at an Easel.jpg

Dante Gabriel Rossetti met Siddal in 1849, probably while they both modelled for Deverell.{{sfn |Rossetti |Rossetti |Hartley |1903 |p=[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/gri.ark:/13960/t9q30bv43?urlappend=%3Bseq=360 274]}} Rossetti gave Siddal the nickname "Lizzie" when she entered the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood circle, and "the diminutive enhanced her youthful, dependent role".{{sfn |Marsh |1988 |pp=64–82}} By 1851 or 1852, they became engaged.{{sfn|Rossetti|Rossetti|Hartley|1903|p=[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/gri.ark:/13960/t9q30bv43?urlappend=%3Bseq=363 277]}}{{cite web |date=1999-12-15 |title=Elizabeth Siddal – Rossetti, Dante Gabriel |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O15042/elizabeth-siddal-drawing-rossetti-dante-gabriel/ |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=Victoria and Albert Museum: Explore the Collections |archive-date=7 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507194915/https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O15042/elizabeth-siddal-drawing-rossetti-dante-gabriel/ |url-status=live }} Siddal had also become Rossetti's main model and muse, and he stopped her from modelling for others.{{cite web |last=Jargalsaikhan |first=Bolor |title=Women in Rossetti's Life and Art: Muses and Lovers |website=DailyArt Magazine |date=2022-08-28 |url=https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/women-in-rossettis-art/ |access-date=2023-04-10 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410045605/https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/women-in-rossettis-art/ |url-status=live }}

In 1852, Siddal began to study with Rossetti. She started staying at his Chatham Place residence, sometimes with him and sometimes by herself.{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/48/mode/2up 48]}} They subsequently became anti-social and absorbed in each other's affections.{{cite web |last=Evemy |first=Benjamin Blake |title=Elizabeth Siddal: A Life Overshadowed by Death |website=MutualArt |date=2022-10-07 |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Article/Elizabeth-Siddal--A-Life-Overshadowed-by/87BA8C89FF44B5B6 |access-date=2023-04-22 |archive-date=22 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422045232/https://www.mutualart.com/Article/Elizabeth-Siddal--A-Life-Overshadowed-by/87BA8C89FF44B5B6 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Picasso Isn't The Only One: Artists Who Shared A Troubled Bond With Their Muse |website=The Economic Times |date=2019-07-11 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/picasso-isnt-the-only-one-artists-who-shared-a-troubled-bond-with-their-muse/elizabeth-siddal-and-dante-gabriel-rossetti/slideshow/70168546.cms |at=5/6 Elizabeth Siddal And Dante Gabriel Rossetti |access-date=2023-04-22 |archive-date=22 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422045232/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/picasso-isnt-the-only-one-artists-who-shared-a-troubled-bond-with-their-muse/elizabeth-siddal-and-dante-gabriel-rossetti/slideshow/70168546.cms |url-status=live }} They coined affectionate nicknames for one another, such as "Guggums" or "Gug"{{harvnb |Gere |1994 |p=[https://archive.org/details/preraphaelitedra0000brit/page/32/mode/2up 32]}} and "Dove", the latter one of Rossetti's names for Siddal.{{cite web |title=Dante Gabriel Rossetti: Elizabeth Siddal having her hair combed – Pictures |website=Lowell Libson & Jonny Yarker Ltd |date=2012-04-12 |url=https://www.libson-yarker.com/pictures/elizabeth-sidal-having-her-hair-combed |access-date=2023-04-07 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407001907/https://www.libson-yarker.com/pictures/elizabeth-sidal-having-her-hair-combed |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last=Rossetti |first=Dante Gabriel |title=Beata Beatrix |website=The Art Institute of Chicago |date=2018-01-21 |url=https://www.artic.edu/artworks/16551/beata-beatrix |access-date=2023-04-07 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407003407/https://www.artic.edu/artworks/16551/beata-beatrix |url-status=live }} He also shortened the spelling of her surname to Siddal, dropping the second l.{{cite web |title=The Passions of Artists and Models – Victorian Passions: Stories from the Mark Samuels Lasner Collection |website=Library, Museums and Press – Online Exhibitions |url=https://exhibitions.lib.udel.edu/victorian-passions/home/the-passions-of-artists-and-models/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |archive-date=30 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430084731/https://exhibitions.lib.udel.edu/victorian-passions/home/the-passions-of-artists-and-models/ |url-status=live }}

During this period, Rossetti's most abundant and personal works were his pencil sketches of Siddal at home, most of which he entitled simply "Elizabeth Siddal".{{sfn |Surtees |1971 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/paintingsdrawing0001surt/page/188/mode/2up 189]–[https://archive.org/details/paintingsdrawing0001surt/page/196/mode/2up 197]}} He portrayed Siddal in moments of leisure, such as reading, sitting, or in repose,{{Cite web |title=Portrait of Elizabeth Siddal Resting, Holding a Parasol (The J. Paul Getty Museum Collection) |url=https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/object/103R8V |access-date=2023-05-07 |website=The J. Paul Getty Museum Collection |archive-date=7 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507202739/https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/object/103R8V |url-status=live }} or when painting or drawing.{{cite web |last=Wood |first=T. Martin |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of Drawings of D. G. Rossetti |website=Project Gutenberg |date=2014-06-24 |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/46087/46087-h/46087-h.htm#Page_xx |access-date=2023-05-07 |page=xx |archive-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212125050/http://www.gutenberg.org/files/46087/46087-h/46087-h.htm#Page_xx |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last=Kong |first=Sharon |title=Smitten by the Casual Glance of a Pair of Sparking Eyes |journal=Voces Novae Chapman University Historical Review |volume=5 |issue=3 |publisher=Chapman University |date=2018-04-26 |url=https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/vocesnovae/vol5/iss1/3 |access-date=2023-05-06 |oclc=9788824049 |archive-date=9 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509042248/https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/vocesnovae/vol5/iss1/3/ |url-status=live }} She also became the subject of much of Rossetti's poetry throughout their relationship and particularly after her death.{{sfn |Sonstroem |1970 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/rossettifairlady0000sons/page/44/mode/2up 45], [https://archive.org/details/rossettifairlady0000sons/page/98/mode/2up 99]–[https://archive.org/details/rossettifairlady0000sons/page/100/mode/2up 100], [https://archive.org/details/rossettifairlady0000sons/page/106/mode/2up 107], [https://archive.org/details/rossettifairlady0000sons/page/138/mode/2up 138], [https://archive.org/details/rossettifairlady0000sons/page/174/mode/2up 175]}}{{cite journal |last=Remoortel |first=Marianne van |title=Metaphor and Maternity: Dante Gabriel Rossetti's |journal=Victorian Poetry |publisher=West Virginia University Press |volume=46 |issue=4 |year=2008 |issn=0042-5206 |jstor=40347045 |pages=467–486 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40347045 |access-date=2023-05-04 |archive-date=5 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505000005/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40347045 |url-status=live }} Rossetti became obsessive in portraying Siddal.{{cite web |last=Stewart |first=Doug |title=Incurably Romantic |website=Smithsonian Magazine |date=2007-02-01 |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/incurably-romantic-145378024/ |access-date=2023-05-04 |archive-date=5 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505000001/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/incurably-romantic-145378024/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last=Kennedy |first=Maev |title=Rossetti paints us a (sometimes not so) pretty picture in exhibition devoted to artist's portraits |website=The Art Newspaper – International art news and events |date=2021-09-22 |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2021/09/22/rossetti-paints-us-a-sometimes-not-so-pretty-picture-in-exhibition-devoted-to-artists-portraits |access-date=2023-05-04 |archive-date=5 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505000009/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2021/09/22/rossetti-paints-us-a-sometimes-not-so-pretty-picture-in-exhibition-devoted-to-artists-portraits |url-status=live }} It has been estimated that there are thousands of Rossetti's drawings, paintings, and poems in which Siddal was a subject.{{sfn |Hawksley |2001 |p=[https://archive.org/details/essentialpreraph0000hawk/page/96/mode/2up 96]}}

Beginning in 1853, Rossetti used Siddal as a model for a series of Dante-themed paintings, including The First Anniversary of the Death of Beatrice (1852), Beatrice Meeting Dante at a Marriage Feast, Denies him her Salutation (1851), Dante's Vision of Rachel and Leah (1855), and, perhaps his most famous portrait of her, Beata Beatrix (1864–1870), which he painted as a memorial after her death.

As Siddal came from a working-class family, Rossetti feared introducing her to his family.{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/104/mode/2up 105]–[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/106/mode/2up 107]}} Siddal was the victim of harsh criticism from his sisters.{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/30/mode/2up 30]–[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/32/mode/2up 33], [https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/106/mode/2up 106]}} The knowledge that his family would not approve contributed to Rossetti's delaying the marriage.{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/30/mode/2up 31]}} Siddal appears to have believed, with some justification, that Rossetti was always seeking to replace her with a younger muse, which contributed to her later depressive periods and illness.{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/150/mode/2up 150]–[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/152/mode/2up 152]}} Although Ruskin urged Rossetti to marry in 1855,{{sfn |Rossetti |Rossetti |Hartley |1903 |p=[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/gri.ark:/13960/t9q30bv43?urlappend=%3Bseq=375 291]}} their relationship deteriorated: the reasons probably included Siddal's ill-health,{{cite news |last=Boyle |first=Emily |title=A picture of ill-health: the illness of Elizabeth Siddal |newspaper=Hektoen International – an Online Medical Humanities Journal |date=2019-04-19 |url=https://hekint.org/2019/04/19/a-picture-of-ill-health-the-illness-of-elizabeth-siddal/ |access-date=2023-04-29 |issn=2155-3017 |oclc=621429987 |archive-date=29 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429141134/https://hekint.org/2019/04/19/a-picture-of-ill-health-the-illness-of-elizabeth-siddal/ |url-status=live }} her laudanum addiction,{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/64/mode/2up 64]}} Rossetti's philandering, Rossetti's lack of funds,{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/66/mode/2up 66]}} the aforementioned disapproval of the Rossetti family,{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/30/mode/2up 31]}} and Rossetti's probable aversion to marriage in general.{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/66/mode/2up 67]}}

In 1857, Siddal gave up her stipend from Ruskin and went to Sheffield, the birth place of her father, to attend the school of art there.{{sfn |Marsh |1988 |p=72}} She moved in with her cousin's family.{{sfn |Hunt |1932 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/wifeofrossettihe000646mbp/page/n283/mode/2up 203]–[https://archive.org/details/wifeofrossettihe000646mbp/page/n285/mode/2up 204]}}{{efn|The father in this family was {{ill|William Ibbett (artist)|qid=Q21465597|short=y|lt=William Ibbett}}, an artist and silver-chaser{{sfn|Odom|1926|pp=[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89079714432?urlappend=%3Bseq=231%3Bownerid=13510798899481470-263 215]}} and his son was Willie Ibbett.{{sfn |Hunt |1932 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/wifeofrossettihe000646mbp/page/n283/mode/2up 203]–[https://archive.org/details/wifeofrossettihe000646mbp/page/n285/mode/2up 204]}} Alyssa Grady identifies the writer of the letter to the editor, "The Death of Mrs. D. G. {{sic|Rosetta|expected=Rossetti|hide=y}}," signed "W.I", as William Ibbitt.{{sfn |Grady |2020}}}} A son of this family, Willie Ibbett, proposed to her, but she indicated that she was already engaged.{{sfn |Hunt |1932 |p=[https://archive.org/details/wifeofrossettihe000646mbp/page/n291/mode/2up 211]}} However, by mid-1858, Siddal and Rossetti appeared to be both done with their engagement{{sfn |Marsh |1988 |pp=64–82}}{{cite web |title=Rossetti-Elizabeth Siddal Playing the Cythern |website=arthistory.upenn.edu |date=2004-12-15 |url=https://www.arthistory.upenn.edu/ashmolean/Rossetti/Rossetti_entry.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325235520/https://www.arthistory.upenn.edu/ashmolean/Rossetti/Rossetti_entry.html |archive-date=2023-03-25 |url-status=dead |access-date=2023-05-06}} and little is known about Siddal from that time until 1860.{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/156/mode/2up 157]}}

File:Dante Gabriel Rossetti - Regina Cordium (1860).jpgIn Spring 1860, Siddal's family contacted Ruskin with the news that Siddal was gravely ill. Ruskin in turn informed Rossetti. Siddal was at the seaside resort of Hastings. In a change of heart, Rossetti hurried to her side that April with a marriage licence.{{sfn |Rossetti |Rossetti |Hartley |1903 |p=[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/gri.ark:/13960/t9q30bv43?urlappend=%3Bseq=368 284]}} Shortly before their marriage, Rossetti produced a famous portrait of Siddal, Regina Cordium or The Queen of Hearts (1860). This painting is a close-up, vibrantly coloured depiction of Siddal.{{cite web |title=Regina Cordium |website=rossettiarchive.org |url=https://www.rossettiarchive.org/docs/s120.rap.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225200016/https://www.rossettiarchive.org/docs/s120.rap.html |archive-date=25 February 2020 |url-status=dead}}{{sfn |Surtees |1971 |p=[https://archive.org/details/paintingsdrawing0001surt/page/75/mode/1up?q=Regina+Cordium 75]}}

Siddal and Rossetti married on Wednesday, 23 May 1860 at St. Clement's Church in Hastings. There were no family or friends present, only a couple of witnesses whom they had asked.{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/160/mode/2up 161]}} When Siddal's health improved, they honeymooned in Paris and Boulogne in the latter half of 1860, then returned to the Chatham Place residence that they expanded into an adjoining house.{{sfn |Marillier |1906 |p=[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.39000009046280?urlappend=%3Bseq=55%3Bownerid=13510798902110198-73 49]}} Siddal became pregnant and appeared to be happier and healthier.

Ill health and death

{{Blockquote |text=In Elizabeth Siddal's constitution there was a consumptive taint. This may, I suppose, have come from the father; for the mother was a healthy woman, living on til past ninety. |author=William Michael Rossetti, Dante Gabriel's brother{{sfn |Rossetti |Rossetti |Hartley |1903 |p=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=gri.ark:/13960/t9q30bv43&view=1up&seq=359 273]}}}}

It was thought that she suffered from tuberculosis, but some historians believe an intestinal disorder was more likely. Elbert Hubbard wrote that "She suffered much from neuralgia, and the laudanum taken to relieve the pain had grown into a necessity."{{sfn |Hubbard |1906 |p=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924092516578/page/n34/mode/1up 19]}} Others suggest that she may have been anorexic or that her poor health was due to laudanum addiction or a combination of ailments.{{Sfn |Ash |1995 |pp=4, 7}}

Siddal travelled to Paris and Nice for several years for her health.{{sfn |Rossetti |Rossetti |Hartley |1903 |p=[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/gri.ark:/13960/t9q30bv43?urlappend=%3Bseq=368 284]}} At the time of her wedding, she was so frail and ill that she had to be carried to the church, despite it being a five-minute walk from where she was staying.{{cite web |last=Prodger |first=Michael |title=The women of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood |website=New Statesman |date=2023-04-24 |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/art-design/2023/04/the-women-of-the-pre-raphaelite-brotherhood |access-date=2023-05-02 |archive-date=2 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502043815/https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/art-design/2023/04/the-women-of-the-pre-raphaelite-brotherhood |url-status=live }} She became severely depressed and her long illness gave her access to laudanum to which she became addicted.{{cite book |last=Krueger |first=Christine L. |title=Encyclopedia of British writers, 19th century |publisher=Facts On File |publication-place=New York |date=2003 |isbn=978-1-4381-0870-4 |oclc=241299826 |page=[{{GBurl|id=Dnqi3gRxgvQC|pg=PA293}} 293]}} By 1861, Siddal became pregnant, which ended with the birth of a stillborn daughter.{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/182/mode/2up 182–183]}} The stillbirth left Siddal with post-partum depression.{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/186/mode/2up 187]–[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/188/mode/2up 188]}} By early 1862, she had become pregnant for a second time.{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/196/mode/2up 196]}}{{cite book |last=Boime |first=Albert |title=Art in an age of civil struggle, 1848–1871 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |publication-place=Chicago |date=2007 |isbn=978-0-226-06342-3 |oclc=304458512 |page=[{{GBurl|id=sEb4RL2Ru1kC|pg=PA337}} 337]}}

Siddal overdosed on laudanum on 10 February 1862. She, Rossetti, and his friend Algernon Charles Swinburne had dined together in a nearby hotel. After having taken Siddal home, Rossetti attended his weekly lecture at the Working Men's College. Upon returning home from teaching, Rossetti found Siddal unconscious in bed and could not revive her.{{sfn |Hubbard |1906 |p=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924092516578/page/n34/mode/1up 19]}} The first doctor Rossetti called claimed that he was unable to save her, upon which Rossetti sent for another three doctors. A stomach pump was used, but to no avail. She died at 7:20{{spaces}}am on 11 February 1862 at their home at 14 Chatham Place. Her obituary noted that she "had expressed no wish to die, but quite the reverse. Indeed{{sic|hide=y|explanation=source omitted the comma}} she contemplated going out of town in a day or two, and had ordered a new mantle{{sic|hide=y|explanation=source omitted the comma}} which she intended to wear on the occasion." The coroner ruled her death as accidental; however, there are suggestions that Rossetti found a suicide note, with the words "Please look after Harry" (her invalid brother, who may have had a slight intellectual disability), supposedly "pinned{{spaces}}... on the breast of her night-shirt."{{Cite web|first=Jan|last=Marsh|date=15 February 2012|url=https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/did-rossetti-really-need-to-exhume-his-wife/|title=Did Rossetti really need to exhume his wife?|website=Times Literary Supplement|url-access=subscription|access-date=13 October 2019|archive-date=13 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013204455/https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/did-rossetti-really-need-to-exhume-his-wife/|url-status=live}}{{sfn |Williamson |1976 |p=[https://archive.org/details/artistswritersin0000will_x4i3/page/46/mode/2up 46]}} Consumed with grief and guilt Rossetti allegedly went to see Ford Madox Brown who is supposed to have instructed him to burn the note. Since suicide was illegal and considered immoral, it would have brought scandal on the family and barred Siddal from a Christian burial.{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/194/mode/2up 195]}}

After Siddal's death

File:Grave of Christina Rossetti.jpg

File:Dante Gabriel Rossetti - Beata Beatrix, 1864-1870.jpg a year after Siddal's death]]

Siddal was buried with her father-in-law Gabriele on 17 February 1862 in the Rossetti family grave in the west side of Highgate Cemetery. Later burials in the same grave are her mother-in-law Frances Rossetti (1886), Christina Georgina Rossetti (1895), and William Michael Rossetti (1919).{{cite web |title=Rossetti Family Grave in Highgate West Cemetery, London |website=The Victorian Web (www,victorianweb.org) |date=28 December 2013 |url=https://victorianweb.org/sculpture/funerary/216.html |access-date=3 December 2021 |archive-date=4 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204060856/https://victorianweb.org/sculpture/funerary/216.html |url-status=live }}

In August 1869, Rossetti authorized Charles Howell to disinter her coffin to retrieve a handwritten book of Rossetti's poems, which he had laid beside her head before burial.{{cite journal |last=Donnelly |first=Brian |title=Dante Gabriel Rossetti, the Little Green Book, and the Dispute with Death |journal=Victoriographies |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |volume=10 |issue=1 |year=2020 |issn=2044-2416 |doi=10.3366/vic.2020.0364 |pages=12–32|s2cid=216331992 }} With the aid of a Dr. Llewelyn Williams and two others, Howell accomplished this in October 1869. Dr. Williams subsequently disinfected the book.{{sfn |Prose |2013 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/livesofmusesnine0000pros_x1g5/page/102/mode/2up 102–103]}} Rossetti then published the contents in Poems (1870).{{sfn |Surtees |2004}}{{cite journal |last=Marsh |first=Jan |title=Grave doubts: Dante Gabriel Rossetti and the exhumation poems |journal=TLS. Times Literary Supplement |publisher=NI Syndication Limited |issue=5681 |date=2012-02-17 |issn=0307-661X |pages=14–16 |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=LitRC&u=googlescholar&id=GALE%7CA667233954&v=2.1&it=r&sid=googleScholar&asid=3d4ece3c |access-date=2023-05-04 |via=Gale Literature Resource Center |oclc=779961123 |archive-date=22 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522190114/https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=LitRC&u=googlescholar&id=GALE%7CA667233954&v=2.1&it=r&sid=googleScholar&asid=3d4ece3c |url-status=live }}

These became part of Rossetti's sonnet sequence entitled The House of Life. This sequence contained the poem "Without Her", a reflection on life once love has departed.

{{blockquote|What of her glass without her? The blank grey

There where the pool is blind of the moon's face.

Her dress without her? The tossed empty space

Of cloud-rack whence the moon has passed away.

Her paths without her? Day's appointed sway

Usurped by desolate night. Her pillowed place

Without her? Tears, ah me! For love's good grace,

And cold forgetfulness of night or day.

What of the heart without her? Nay, poor heart,

Of thee what word remains ere speech be still?

A wayfarer by barren ways and chill,

Steep ways and weary, without her thou art,

Where the long cloud, the long wood's counterpart,

Sheds doubled up darkness up the labouring hill.

— Dante Gabriel Rossetti, "The House of Life", Ballads and Sonnets{{sfn |Rossetti |1881 |p=[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101068585452?urlappend=%3Bseq=251%3Bownerid=27021597768094798-279 215]}}

|style=text-align: center;}}

Legacy

Their home at 14 Chatham Place was demolished{{sfn |Hawksley |2004 |p=[https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2/page/46/mode/2up?q=chatham 47]}}{{sfn |Marillier |1906 |p=[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.39000009046280?urlappend=%3Bseq=51%3Bownerid=13510798902110198-69 45]}} and is now covered by Blackfriars Station.{{cite web |title=Blackfriars Almshouses – Bladder Street |website=British History Online |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/dictionary-of-london/blackfriars-almshouses-bladder-street#h2-0007 |access-date=2023-04-10 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410143302/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/dictionary-of-london/blackfriars-almshouses-bladder-street#h2-0007 |url-status=live }}

=Exhibitions and collections=

File:Elizabeth Siddal - Lady Clare (watercolour).jpg

A retrospective of Siddal's work was curated by Jan Marsh in 1991 at the Ruskin Gallery in Sheffield.{{cite web |title=Elizabeth Siddal |website=Orlando |url=https://orlando.cambridge.org/profiles/siddel |access-date=2023-04-10 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410052037/https://orlando.cambridge.org/profiles/siddel |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Elizabeth Siddal (1829-1862) |website=Women's Art Tours |date=2020-07-18 |url=https://womensarttours.com/elizabeth-siddal-1829-1862/ |access-date=2023-04-10 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410052037/https://womensarttours.com/elizabeth-siddal-1829-1862/ |url-status=live }}

Rosalie Glynn Grylls bought some of Siddal's works at auction in 1961. These works became part of Wightwick Manor, donated by her husband, Geoffrey Mander, and her to the National Trust. A 2018 exhibition, "Beyond Ophelia", curated by National Trust Assistant Curator Hannah Squire, ran for nine months and featured twelve artworks by Siddal and owned by the National Trust. Only the second solo exhibition of her work, the exhibition examined Siddal's career, artistic style, subject matter, and recognition of the challenges she faced as a female artist.{{cite web |last=McNay |first=Anna |title=Beyond Ophelia: A Celebration of Lizzie Siddal, Artist and Poet |website=Studio International |date=2018-12-24 |url=https://www.studiointernational.com/beyond-ophelia-celebration-of-lizzie-siddal-artist-poet-wightwick-manor-wolverhampton-national-trust |access-date=2023-04-11 |archive-date=11 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411002337/https://www.studiointernational.com/beyond-ophelia-celebration-of-lizzie-siddal-artist-poet-wightwick-manor-wolverhampton-national-trust |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last=Trowbridge |first=Serena |title=Exhibition review: 'Beyond Ophelia' |website=Culture and Anarchy |date=2018-02-28 |url=https://cultureandanarchy.org/2018/02/28/exhibition-review-beyond-ophelia/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |archive-date=11 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411004812/https://cultureandanarchy.org/2018/02/28/exhibition-review-beyond-ophelia/ |url-status=live }}

{{anchor|Pre-Raphaelite Sisters}}Siddal was among the women featured in the 2019 Pre-Raphaelite Sisters exhibition at London's National Portrait Gallery.{{cite web |title=Pre-Raphaelite Sisters |website=National Portrait Gallery |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/whatson/exhibitions/2019/pre-raphaelite-sisters/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |archive-date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409203800/https://www.npg.org.uk/whatson/exhibitions/2019/pre-raphaelite-sisters/ |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last=Ekkelenkamp |first=Mariëlle |title=Pre-Raphaelite Sisters |journal=Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide |volume=19 |issue=1 |date=2020-03-15 |issn=1543-1002 |doi=10.29411/ncaw.2020.19.1.13|s2cid=216478471 |doi-access=free }}

In 2023, the Tate Gallery had an exhibition The Rossettis{{cite web |title=The Rossettis |website=Tate |date=2022-06-29 |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-britain/the-rossettis |access-date=2023-04-04 |archive-date=3 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403173652/https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-britain/the-rossettis |url-status=live }} which included 17 of Siddal's works.{{cite web |last=Brooks |first=Richard |title=Ophelia resurfaces: pre-Raphaelite muse is recognised as a skilled artist |website=The Guardian |date=2023-04-02 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2023/apr/02/ophelia-resurfaces-pre-raphaelite-muse-is-recognised-as-a-skilled-artist |access-date=2023-04-04 |archive-date=3 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403173647/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2023/apr/02/ophelia-resurfaces-pre-raphaelite-muse-is-recognised-as-a-skilled-artist |url-status=live }}

=Works inspired by Siddal=

==Literature==

File:Ms eng 769.jpg

Writer and curator Jan Marsh wrote that those fascinated by Siddal included Swinburne, Oscar Wilde, and Arthur Symons. The artist and author Charles Ricketts confessed that "Oh, we have all, when young, been in love with Miss Siddal." With the emerging fields of psychology and sexology, a reevaluation of Siddal in fiction, poems, and biographies occurred in the 1920s and 1930s. She became regarded as "a morbid, hysterical, suicidal woman clinging to her virginity and angrily jealous of her rivals". By the mid-twentieth century, perceptions had changed again so that Siddal became "a Pre-Raphaelite groupie, a child of the 1950s and 60s pop culture." More recently, authors and biographers have reassessed Siddal. In this reexamination, she emerges as "partly a victim of masculine oppression and partly a rediscovered proto-feminist", and a rediscovery that includes "a determined effort to detach Elizabeth Siddal's story from that of Rossetti and the PRB, ... and present her with a biography of her own."{{sfn |Marsh |1988 |pp=64–82}}

Along with Algernon Charles Swinburne, Siddal and Rossetti are the subjects of "How They Met Themselves", which is part of The Sandman series by Neil Gaiman, drawn by Michael Zulli, and published in Vertigo: Winter's Edge #3 (2000). In it, a dying Lizzie drugged with laudanum has a last dream or vision in which the trio takes a train trip to a forest "where they each would see their true love".{{cite news |title=Vertigo: Winter's Edge 3 |website=DCU Guide |date=24 November 2021 |url=https://dcuguide.com/w/Vertigo:_Winter%27s_Edge_3 |access-date=2 December 2021 |archive-date=2 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202225129/https://dcuguide.com/w/Vertigo%3A_Winter%27s_Edge_3 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last=Christensen |first=D. S. |title=The Sandman Reader XII: Conclusions & Misc. |website=Studio Remarkable |date=28 May 2017 |url=https://www.studioremarkable.com/reviews/the-sandman-reader-xii-conclusions-miscellany/10472/ |access-date=2 December 2021 |archive-date=2 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202225123/https://www.studioremarkable.com/reviews/the-sandman-reader-xii-conclusions-miscellany/10472/ |url-status=live }} This story bears the same title as a drawing and a painting by Rossetti that both depict Siddal.{{cite journal |last1=Bullen |first1=J. B. |last2=White |first2=Rosalind |title=Communication with the Dead: The Séance Diary of W.M. Rossetti |journal=The Journal of Pre-Raphaelite Studies |volume=29 |date=2021-02-22 |issn=0271-1435 |pages=4–11 |url=https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/en/publications/communication-with-the-dead-the-s%C3%A9ance-diary-of-wm-rossetti |access-date=2023-04-12 |oclc=9027966701 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412043709/https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/en/publications/communication-with-the-dead-the-s%C3%A9ance-diary-of-wm-rossetti |url-status=live }}

==Television==

Rossetti's relationship with Siddal has been the subject of television dramas, notably Dante's Inferno (1967), by Ken Russell, in which she was played by {{ill|Judith Paris|qid=Q96244253|short=y}} and Rossetti by Oliver Reed;{{cite journal |last=Gomez |first=Joseph A. |title='Dante's Inferno': Seeing Ken Russell Through Dante Gabriel Rossetti |journal=Literature/Film Quarterly |publisher=Salisbury University |volume=1 |issue=3 |year=1973 |issn=0090-4260 |jstor=43795436 |pages=274–279 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/43795436 |url-access=registration |access-date=2023-04-12 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412034127/https://www.jstor.org/stable/43795436 |url-status=live }} The Love School (1975) in which she was played by Patricia Quinn;{{cite journal |last=Johnson |first=Chloe |title=Presenting the Pre-Raphaelites: From Radio Reminiscences toDesperate Romantics |journal=Visual Culture in Britain |publisher=Informa UK Limited |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=2010-02-10 |issn=1471-4787 |doi=10.1080/14714780903509847 |pages=67–92|s2cid=194023142 }} and Desperate Romantics (2009) in which she was played by Amy Manson. She was portrayed in a recurring role by Hannah Onslow in the Paramount+ adaptation of Elizabeth Macneal's The Doll Factory (2023).{{Cite web|url=https://anthearepresents.com/news/see-freddy-carter-and-hannah-onslow-in-the-doll-factory-which-premieres-on-paramount-today|title=See Freddy Carter and Hannah Onslow in 'The Doll Factory' which premieres on Paramount+ today|website=Anthea Represents|date=27 November 2023|accessdate=4 December 2023|archive-date=4 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204190422/https://anthearepresents.com/news/see-freddy-carter-and-hannah-onslow-in-the-doll-factory-which-premieres-on-paramount-today|url-status=live}}

==Art==

Siddal is depicted on one of the plates in the Famous Women Dinner Service by Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant, (1932–1934), commissioned by the art historian, Kenneth Clark.{{cite web |last=Tsar |first=Diana |title=Elizabeth 'Lizzie' Siddal and the Famous Women Dinner Service |website=Charleston |date=April 2021 |url=https://www.charleston.org.uk/stories/elizabeth-lizzie-siddal-and-the-famous-women-dinner-service/ |access-date=2023-04-14 |archive-date=14 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414043835/https://www.charleston.org.uk/stories/elizabeth-lizzie-siddal-and-the-famous-women-dinner-service/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last=Lohmann |first=Silke |title=Charleston's Famous Women Dinner Service |website=London Art Week |date=2021-10-19 |url=https://londonartweek.co.uk/charlestons-famous-women-dinner-service/ |access-date=2023-04-14 |archive-date=14 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414043835/https://londonartweek.co.uk/charlestons-famous-women-dinner-service/ |url-status=live }}

The Delaware Art Museum hosted a 2022 exhibit of Holly Trostle Brigham's works inspired by and portraying Siddal{{cite web |last=Obenreder |first=Gail |title=The Delaware Art Museum and Somerville Manning Gallery present Holly Trostle Brigham |website=Broad Street Review |date=2022-03-14 |url=https://www.broadstreetreview.com/reviews/the-delaware-art-museum-and-somerville-manning-gallery-present-holly-trostle-brigham |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315055039/https://www.broadstreetreview.com/reviews/the-delaware-art-museum-and-somerville-manning-gallery-present-holly-trostle-brigham |archive-date=2022-03-15 |url-status=live |access-date=2023-04-12}} in conjunction with its Pre-Raphaellite collection{{cite web |title=British Pre-Raphaelites |website=Delaware Art Museum |url=https://delart.org/collection/british-pre-raphaelites/ |access-date=19 December 2021 |archive-date=19 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219020525/https://delart.org/collection/british-pre-raphaelites/ |url-status=live }} that includes works by and a Rossetti portrait of Siddal.{{cite web |title=Artist / Maker / Culture: Siddal |website=Delaware Art Museum |url=https://emuseum.delart.org/advancedsearch/Objects/people%3ASiddal |access-date=2023-04-11 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412031423/https://emuseum.delart.org/advancedsearch/Objects/people:Siddal |url-status=live }}

==Music==

The English guitarist-composer {{ill|Stephen Yates (composer-guitarist)|lt=Stephen Yates|qid=Q131339965|short=yes}} was moved to compose a suite for solo classical guitar entitled The Four Muses of Mr Rossetti, based on his interest in the Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood and their wide ranging influence on the culture of the period. The four movements of the suite are dedicated to Elizabeth Siddal, Fanny Cornforth, Jane Morris and Alexa Wilding.{{cite web |last=Yates |first=Stephen |title=The Four Muses of Mr Rossetti |website=Stephen Yates |date=2022-10-26 |url=https://yatesguitar.co.uk/the-four-muses-of-mr-rossetti/ |access-date=2024-11-26}}{{primary source inline|date=November 2024|reason=statement by the composer on his website }}

Gallery

=Works by Siddal=

File:Elizabeth Siddal - The Lady of Shalott.jpg|The Lady of Shalott, 1853, pen, black ink, sepia and pencil

File:Elizabeth Siddal - Pippa Passes.jpg|Pippa Passes, 1854, pen and ink

File:Elizabeth Siddal - Two Lovers.jpg|Lovers Listening to Music, 1854, pen and brown ink

File:Siddal quest grail.jpg|The Quest of the Holy Grail, 1855, watercolour, conceived by Siddal, collaboration with Rossetti

File:Elizabeth Siddal - Holy Family.jpg|Holy Family, circa 1856, watercolour, gouache and metallic paint

File:Clerk Saunders, 1857-5348297183.jpg|Clerk Saunders, 1857, watercolour, bodycolour, coloured chalks

File:Elizabeth Siddal - Madonna and Child.jpg|Madonna and Child, unknown date, watercolor on pencil

=Works with Siddal as a model=

File:Valentine Rescuing Sylvia from Proteus.jpg|William Holman Hunt, Two Gentlemen of Verona, Valentine Rescuing Sylvia From Proteus, 1850 or 1851

File:Dante Gabriel Rossetti - Beatrice Meeting Dante at a Marriage Feast, Denies Him Her Salutation 02.jpg|Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Beatrice meeting Dante at a marriage feast, denies him her salutation, 1852

File:John Everett Millais, 1852 - Elizabeth Siddal - Study for Ophelia.jpg|John Everett Millais, Elizabeth Siddal – Study for Ophelia, 1852

File:Dante Gabriel Rossetti - The First Anniversary of the Death of Beatrice (1853).jpg|Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The First Anniversary of the Death of Beatrice, 1853

File:Dante's Vision of Rachel and Leah.jpg|Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Dante's Vision of Rachel and Leah, 1855

File:Dante Gabriel Rossetti - Elizabeth Siddal (1850-65).jpg|Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Elizabeth Siddal, 1850–65

Selected works

=Drawings=

The Lady of Shalott (n.d.), J.S. Maas Collection{{harvnb |Pollock |Cherry |1988 |p=[https://archive.org/details/visiondifference0000poll_c8k5/page/97/mode/1up 97]}}
Lovers listening to Music (1954), Wightwick Manor, West Midlands{{cite web |title=Lovers listening to Music |id=1287930 |website=National Trust Collections |url=https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/1287930 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402153358/https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/1287930 |archive-date=2023-04-02 |url-status=live |access-date=2024-03-04}}
Pippa Passes (1854), Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, England{{cite web |title=Pippa Passes |website=rossettiarchive.org |date=2006-01-09 | url=https://www.rossettiarchive.org/docs/op54.rap.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518191622/https://www.rossettiarchive.org/docs/op54.rap.html |archive-date=2022-05-18 |url-status=dead}}

=Paintings=

Self Portrait (1853–54) – oil, private collection
The Quest of the Holy Grail (1855) – watercolour, Tate Gallery, London{{cite web |title=The Quest of the Holy Grail |website=Rossetti Archive |url=http://www.rossettiarchive.org/docs/sa116.rap.html |access-date=2023-04-04}}
The Haunted Wood (1856) – watercolour, Tate Gallery, London
Lady Affixing a Pennant to a Knight's Spear (1856) – watercolour, Tate Gallery{{cite web |title='Lady Affixing Pennant to a Knight's Spear', Elizabeth Eleanor Siddal, c. 1856 |website=Tate |date=2022-01-11 |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/siddal-lady-affixing-pennant-to-a-knights-spear-n03202 |access-date=2023-04-04 |archive-date=15 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115152910/https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/siddal-lady-affixing-pennant-to-a-knights-spear-n03202 |url-status=live }}
Madonna and Child with an Angel (c. 1856) – watercolour, Delaware Art Museum, Wilmington, Delaware{{cite web |title=Madonna and Child with Angel |website=Collections – Delaware Art Museum |url=https://emuseum.delart.org/objects/10288/madonna-and-child-with-angel |access-date=19 December 2021 |archive-date=19 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219014819/https://emuseum.delart.org/objects/10288/madonna-and-child-with-angel |url-status=live }}
Sir Patrick Spens (1856) – watercolour, Tate Gallery, London{{cite web | title='Sir Patrick Spens', Elizabeth Eleanor Siddal, 1856 | website=Tate | date=2022-01-11 | url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/siddal-sir-patrick-spens-n03471 | access-date=2023-04-04 | archive-date=15 November 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115152910/https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/siddal-sir-patrick-spens-n03471 | url-status=live }}
''Clerk Saunders (1857) – watercolour, Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, England
Lady Clare (1857) – watercolour, private collection

=Poetry=

{{cite book |last=Siddall |first=Elizabeth |editor-last=Trowbridge |editor-first=Serena |title=My Ladys Soul: The Poems of Elizabeth Eleanor Siddall |publisher=Victorian Secrets Limited |location=Brighton, U.K |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-906469-62-7 |oclc=1054934095 |ref=none |author-mask=1}}
{{cite book |last=Siddall |first=Elizabeth |title=He & She & Angels Three: Three Poems |location=London |publisher=Eric and Joan Stevens |year=1979 |oclc=6043505 |ref=none |author-mask=1}}

Notes

References

=Sources=

{{cite book |last=Ash |first=Russell |author-link=Russell Ash |title=Dante Gabriel Rossetti |publisher=Harry N. Abrams |location=New York |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-8109-3784-0 |oclc=32236211}}

{{cite book |last=Gaunt |first=William |author-link=William Gaunt (art historian) |title=The pre-Raphaelite dream |publisher=Schocken Books |publication-place=New York |year=1972 |orig-year=1943 |isbn=978-0-8052-0119-2 |oclc=1256500687 |url=https://archive.org/details/preraphaelitedre0000gaun_g7r8 |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}

{{cite book |last=Gere |first=John A. |author-link=John Gere |title=Pre-Raphaelite drawings in the British Museum |publisher=British Museum Press |publication-place=London |date=1994 |isbn=0-7141-2603-9 |oclc=767691441 |url=https://archive.org/details/preraphaelitedra0000brit |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}

{{cite thesis |last=Grady |first=Alyssa |title="My Ladys Soul": The Successes of Elizabeth Siddal & Jane Morris, & the Rise of the Pre-Raphaelite Sisterhood |date=2020-12-16 |url=https://na-st01.ext.exlibrisgroup.com/01IOWA_INST/upload/1683499708226/My%20Ladys%20Soul%3A%20The%20Successes%20of%20Elizabeth%20Siddal%20%26%20Jane%20Morris.pdf?Expires=1683499828&Signature=qeuiLCw9dUgZnk6f3TGFnmoCaahsR~d7zt6aOnTbf4pg8LptdfFUnMlVG0tpjZWpNZMba9fMN0RRoKnRWYN9X2Zu0VW7RoIz8O5Cc5Ba~7wu5x5n~G72X1azy61BtDv-mCTzjUlPmOZ2buhwOqczgbQ9iFDKmqy6KDH-utwLhqlk3xj4zqpk1wD4aV9aRya2JpBooYPjQUpZwybE9--r8n-ktb36dMtVzjMeYb88DIFweMbEy8-CCXtaNnuNndHgJ13kK4pX~fS7MKvePAPlO60DUAoNYpP0aP7r16sEZVR1-hmiAZsCwBtMJU0gmrIFOn37euH5O9gtZv5GpjraOQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJ72OZCZ36VGVASIA |publisher=Iowa Research Online}}
{{cite book |last=Hawksley |first=Lucinda |author-link=Lucinda Hawksley |title=Essential Pre-Raphaelites |publisher=Parragon Pub |location=Bath, U.K |year=2001 |orig-year=2000 |isbn=978-0-7525-4228-7 |oclc=1149023802 |url=https://archive.org/details/essentialpreraph0000hawk |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
{{cite book |last=Hawksley |first=Lucinda |author-link=Lucinda Hawksley |title=Lizzie Siddal: The Tragedy of a Pre-Raphaelite Supermodel |publisher=Andr ̌Deutsch |location=London |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-78012-168-0 |oclc=1280842323 |url=https://archive.org/details/lizziesiddaltrag0000hawk_c8a2 |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
{{cite book |last=Hubbard |first=Elbert |author-link=Elbert Hubbard |chapter=Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Elizabeth Eleanor Siddal |title=Little Journeys to the Homes of Great Lovers |volume=2 |location=East Aurora, NY |publisher=The Roycrofters |year=1906 |oclc=607457460 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924092516578/page/n13/mode/2up |pages=1–23 |via=Internet Archive}}

{{cite book |last=Hunt |first=Violet |author-link=Violet Hunt |title=The Wife of Rossetti: Her Life and Death |publisher=E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc. |publication-place=New York |year=1932 |oclc=1128025191 |url=https://archive.org/details/wifeofrossettihe000646mbp |via=Internet Archive}}

{{cite book |last=Marillier |first=H. C. |title=Rossetti |series=Bell's miniature series of painters |publisher=G. Bell & Sons |publication-place=London |year=1906 |hdl=2027/inu.39000009046280 |oclc=679722444 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.39000009046280 |via=HathiTrust}}

{{cite book |last=Marsh |first=Jan |author-link=Jan Marsh |title=The Pre-Raphaelite Sisterhood |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=New York |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-312-63738-5 |oclc=1036826434 |url=https://archive.org/details/preraphaelitesis00mars |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}

{{cite journal |last=Marsh |first=Jan |author-link=Jan Marsh |title=Imagining Elizabeth Siddal |journal=History Workshop Journal |publisher=Oxford University Press (OUP) |volume=25 |issue=1 |year=1988 |issn=1477-4569 |doi=10.1093/hwj/25.1.64 |jstor=4288819 |pages=64–82}}

{{cite book |last=Odom |first=William |title=Hallamshire worthies characteristics and work of notable Sheffield men and women … |publisher=Northend |publication-place=Sheffield |year=1926 |hdl=2027/wu.89079714432 |oclc=681405561 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89079714432 |via=HathiTrust}}

{{cite book |last1=Pollock |first1=Griselda |author-link=Griselda Pollock |last2=Cherry |first2=Deborah |chapter=Woman as sign in Pre-Raphaelite literature: A Study of the Representation of Elizabeth Siddall |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/visiondifference0000poll_c8k5/page/90/mode/2up |chapter-url-access=registration |title=Vision and Difference: Feminism, femininity and the histories of art |publisher=Routledge |publication-place=London and New York |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-415-00722-1 |oclc=1195474796 |via=Internet Archive}} Originally published: {{cite journal |last1=Cherry |first1=Deborah |last2=Pollock |first2=Griselda |title=Woman as sign in Pre-Raphaelite literature: A Study of the Representation of Elizabeth Siddall |journal=Art History |publisher=Wiley |volume=7 |issue=2 |year=1984 |issn=0141-6790 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-8365.1984.tb00141.x |pages=206–227 |ref=none}}

{{cite book |last=Prose |first=Francine |author-link=Francine Prose |chapter=Elizbeth Siddal |title=The Lives of the Muses: nine women and the artists they inspired |publisher=Union Books |location=London |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-908526-43-4 |oclc=853507390 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/livesofmusesnine0000pros_x1g5/page/100/mode/2up |pages=99–136 |chapter-url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}

{{cite book |last=Rossetti |first=Dante Gabriel |title=Ballads and sonnets |publisher=Ellis and White |publication-place=London |year=1881 |oclc=20712955}}

{{cite journal |last=Rossetti |first=William Michael |author-link=William Michael Rossetti |last2=Rossetti |first2=Dante Gabriel |last3=Hartley |first3=Harold |author3-link=Harold Hartley (businessman) |title=Dante Rossetti and Elizabeth Siddal |journal=The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs |publisher=The Burlington Magazine Publications Ltd. |volume=1 |issue=3 |date=May 1903 |issn=0951-0788 |jstor=855671 |pages=273–295 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/gri.ark:/13960/t9q30bv43?urlappend=%3Bseq=359 |via=HathiTrust}}
{{cite journal |last=Shefer |first=Elaine |title=Deverell, Rossetti, Siddal, and 'The Bird in the Cage' |journal=The Art Bulletin |volume=67 |issue=3 |year=1985 |issn=0004-3079 |doi=10.2307/3050961 |pages=437–438|jstor=3050961 }}

{{cite book |last=Sonstroem |first=David |title=Rossetti and the Fair Lady |publisher=Wesleyan University Press |publication-place=Middletown, CT |date=1970 |isbn=0-8195-4019-6 |oclc=644149662 |url=https://archive.org/details/rossettifairlady0000sons/page/214/mode/2up |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}

{{cite book |last=Stephens |first=Frederic George |author-link=Frederic George Stephens |title=Dante Gabriel Rossetti |year=1894 |location=London; New York |publisher=Seeley and Company, Limited; Macmillan and Company |oclc=936902691 |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/1462076.html |via=HathiTrust}}

{{cite book |last=Surtees |first=Virginia |author-link=Virginia Surtees |title=The Paintings and Drawings of Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828–1882): A Catalogue Raisonné |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |year=1971 |isbn=978-0-19-817174-4 |oclc=1150993415 |url=https://archive.org/details/paintingsdrawing0001surt |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}

{{cite encyclopedia |last=Surtees |first=Virginia |author-link=Virginia Surtees |title=Siddal, Elizabeth Eleanor (1829–1862) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/37957}}
{{cite book |last=Walker |first=Kirsty |title=Pre-Raphaelite Girl Gang: fifty makers, shakers and heartbreakers from the Victorian era |publisher=Unicorn |location=London |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-911604-63-1 |oclc=1022077892}}

{{Cite book|title=Artists and Writers in Revolt: The Pre-Raphaelites|first=Audrey|last=Williamson|author-link=Audrey Williamson (critic) |publisher=Art Alliance |location=Philadelphia |year=1976 |isbn=978-0-87982-022-0 |page=46 |url=https://archive.org/details/artistswritersin0000will_x4i3 |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive |oclc=1147716120}}
{{cite book |last=Woolley |first=Anne |title=The Poems of Elizabeth Siddal in Context |publisher=Manchester University Press |location=Manchester |year=2021 |isbn=978-1-5261-4384-6 |oclc=1240583004 |jstor=j.ctv1h45mnp |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1h45mnp |url-access=subscription |access-date=2023-04-09 |pages=143–195}}

External links

{{cite web |title=Poems by Elizabeth Eleanor Siddal (British, 1829–1862) |website=ArtMagick Illustrated Poetry Collection |date=2008-06-07 | url=http://www.artmagick.com/poetry/poet.aspx?poet=elizabeth-eleanor-siddal | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906024751/http://www.artmagick.com/poetry/poet.aspx?poet=elizabeth-eleanor-siddal |archive-date=2012-09-06 |url-status=dead |ref=none}}
{{cite web |title='Beyond Ophelia' – A Celebration of Lizzie Siddal, Artist and Poet |website=National Trust |url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/wightwick-manor-and-gardens/features/a-celebration-of-lizzie-siddal-artist-and-poet | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525062611/https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/wightwick-manor-and-gardens/features/a-celebration-of-lizzie-siddal-artist-and-poet |archive-date=2022-05-25 |url-status=dead |ref=none}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.preraphaelites.org/ |publisher=Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery |title=Pre-Raphaelite Online Resource |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529144625/http://www.preraphaelites.org/ |archive-date=29 May 2009 |url-status=dead |ref=none}} includes many portraits of Elizabeth Siddal by Rossetti
{{cite web |title=Portraits of Elizabeth Siddal |website=National Museums Liverpool |url=https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/walker/exhibitions/rossetti/works/siddal.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040407000000/http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/walker/exhibitions/rossetti/works/siddal.asp |archive-date=2004-04-07 |url-status=dead |ref=none}}
{{cite web |last=Chatfield |first=Stephanie E. |title=Letters Written by Elizabeth Siddal |website=LizzieSiddal.com |date=2007-03-27 |url=http://lizziesiddal.com/portal/25/ |access-date=2023-04-04 |ref=none}}
{{cite web |last=Chatfield |first=Stephanie E. |title=Photographs of Elizabeth Siddal's Grave |website=LizzieSiddal.com |date=2008-02-11 | url=http://lizziesiddal.com/portal/photographs-of-elizabeth-siddals-grave/ |access-date=2023-04-04 |ref=none}}
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