Emba (river)

{{Short description|River in western Kazakhstan}}

{{Infobox river

| name = Emba

| image =

| image_caption =

| source1 =

| source1_elevation =

| mouth = Caspian Sea

| mouth_location =

| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|46|37|42|N|53|19|02|E|region:KZ_type:waterbody_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=it}}

| progression =

| subdivision_type1 = Country

| subdivision_name1 = Kazakhstan

| length = {{convert|712|km|abbr=on}}

| discharge1_avg =

| basin_size = {{convert|40400|km2|abbr=on}}

| pushpin_map = Kazakhstan

| pushpin_map_size =

| pushpin_map_caption= Mouth location in Kazakhstan

}}

The Emba ({{langx|kk|Ембі}} Embı or {{lang|kk|Жем}} Jem, {{langx|ru|Эмба}}) in west Kazakhstan rises in the Mugodzhar Hills and flows across the Sub-Ural Plateau and Caspian Depression into the Caspian Sea. It is {{convert|712|km}} long, and has a drainage basin of {{convert|40400|km2}}.[http://bse.sci-lib.com/article126440.html Эмба (река)], Great Soviet Encyclopedia It flows through the north of the Ust-Urt plateau, and reaches the Caspian by a series of shallow lagoons, which were navigable in the 18th century. The lower course traverses an area of salt domes and the petroleum-rich Emba fields. It is sometimes regarded as a definition for the natural boundary between Europe and Asia.

In its upper course, the Emba is a small river, its valley barely over {{convert|2000|m|ft}} wide. Lower down, after the waters of the Temir River flow into it, the Emba's valleys widen to almost {{convert|7|km|mi|0}}. The Emba flows in a single channel, only breaking off into little arms in places. But around {{convert|100|km|mi}} before it enters the Caspian Sea, it breaks off in places to form several lakes, which are connected to each other through slender channels that only run during flooding. The Emba is a snow-fed river. It freezes over in winter, a process that begins in November and lasts until March.{{cite book|last=Zonn|first=Igor S. |display-authors=etal |title=The Caspian Sea Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fvqYSoRvAI4C&q=Emba+River&pg=PA174|publisher=Springer|access-date=26 July 2013|isbn=9783642115240|date=2010-05-26}}