Emba Hunutlu power station

The project was proposed in 2012.{{cite web|title=EMBA Hunutlu power station|url=https://www.gem.wiki/EMBA_Hunutlu_power_station|access-date=11 May 2021|publisher=Global Energy Monitor}} In 2015 it was licensed, despite environmental protests, and Shanghai Electric Power said it would be China's largest ever direct investment in Turkey.{{cite news |title=SEP Turkey Hunutlu Coal-fired Power Project Ratified |url=http://www.shanghaipower.com/power/nr/mn/201507/t20150731_24678.html |publisher=Shanghai Electric Power |date=9 July 2015}}

In April 2019 a Belt and Road Initiative deal was signed to build the 1320 MW power station{{cite web |title=SEP Completes Facility Agreement Signing for Turkey Hunutlu Thermal Power Plant Project under Belt and Road Initiative |url=http://www.shanghaipower.com/power/conpanynews/201904/t20190408_33577.html |publisher=Shanghai Electric Power |access-date=6 May 2019}} and construction started in September. It is also part of Turkey's Middle Corridor.{{Cite web|date=2020-09-03|title=A Chinese coal plant highlights Turkey's flawed energy policy|url=https://chinadialogue.net/en/energy/a-chinese-coal-plant-highlights-turkeys-flawed-energy-policy/|access-date=2020-09-04|website=China Dialogue}}

In June 2022 opposition Republican People's Party Adana deputy Burhanettin Bulut called for a Parliamentary inquiry, complaining that the power plant was about to be started up despite ongoing lawsuits and a one hundred thousand signature petition.{{Cite web |title="Çevre kirliliği ile boğuşan Adana, zehir soluyacak" |url=https://yeniadana.net/haber/cevre_kirliligi_ile_bogusan_adana_zehir_soluyacak-72813.html |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=yeniadana.net |language=tr}}{{Cite web |date=2022-06-08 |title=Hunutlu Termik Santrali itirazlara rağmen faaliyete hazırlanıyor: 'Davayı beklemiyorlar' |url=https://haber.sol.org.tr/haber/hunutlu-termik-santrali-itirazlara-ragmen-faaliyete-hazirlaniyor-davayi-beklemiyorlar-337930 |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=soL |language=tr}}

Unit 1 started up in July 2022 and the other unit in October.{{Cite news |date=2022-07-27 |title=Turkey's new power plant exposes 'huge contradictions' of net zero pledge |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/1aa8c98b-ff80-461b-bad6-b3232377f904 |access-date=2022-08-02}}

The project is a joint venture between Shanghai Electric Power (a subsidiary of China's State Power Investment Corporation), Avic-Intl Project Engineering Company (3%), and two Turkish local investors, Mete Bülgün, CEO of the joint venture and Adnan Demir (9.4% each){{Cite web |title=Emba Hunutlu coal power plant |url=https://www.banktrack.org/project/emba_hunutlu_coal_power_plant |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=Banktrack |language=en}} with Shanghai Electric Power holding 78%.

The finance is 20% capital{{cite news |title=Tendering Notice |url=http://embapower.com/TenderingNotice(OE)20160926.pdf |publisher=Emba |date=26 September 2016}} and the rest a 15-year $1.381 billion loan from China Development Bank, Bank of China and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.{{Cite web|url=http://www.shanghaipower.com/power/conpanynews/201907/t20190730_34297.html|title=SEP Completes Facility Agreement Signing for Turkey Hunutlu Thermal Power Plant Project under Belt and Road Initiative|website=www.shanghaipower.com|access-date=2020-04-02}}

In 2021 Turkey targeted net zero carbon emissions by 2053.{{Cite web|title=Turkey to follow up climate deal ratification with action: Official|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/turkey-to-follow-up-climate-deal-ratification-with-action-official/2380717|access-date=2021-10-03|website=www.aa.com.tr}} According to Banktrack the project is struggling with finance. However others say the builders will make a profit.{{Cite web |last=Ergenç |first=Ceren |last2=Göçer |first2=Derya |date=5 May 2023 |title=China’s Response to Türkiye’s Volatile Authoritarianism |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2023/05/chinas-response-to-turkiyes-volatile-authoritarianism?lang=en |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}}

By 2020, according to Carbon Tracker, both new wind and solar power were cheaper than building new coal power plants; and they forecast that wind would become cheaper than existing coal plants in 2027, and solar in 2023: so they say that constructing the plant is a waste of money.{{Cite web|url=https://carbontracker.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Maps_5_Logo.pdf|title=WIND VS COAL POWER IN TURKEY/SOLAR PV VS COAL IN TURKEY|date=2020|website=Carbon Tracker}}

However the company benefited from value-added tax exemptions of almost 3.5 billion lira{{cite news |title=Thermal power plant worth $1.7B to be established in Adana |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/energy/2017/10/27/thermal-power-plant-worth-17b-to-be-established-in-adana |work=Daily Sabah |date=26 October 2017}} in 2016.[http://www.onderalgedik.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Coal-and-Climate-Change-2017.pdf "Coal & Climate Change - 2017,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918012206/http://www.onderalgedik.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Coal-and-Climate-Change-2017.pdf |date=2018-09-18 }} Önder Algedik, Aug 2017 WWF say it will make a loss.{{Cite report|title=Yenilenebilir Enerji Çağında Kömürün Fizibilitesi: Hunutlu Termik Santrali Örneği|trans-title=The Feasibility of Coal in the Age of Renewable Energy: The Case of Hunutlu Thermal Power Plant|url=https://www.wwf.org.tr/basin_bultenleri/raporlar/?10440/Yenilenebilir-Enerji-Caginda-Komurun-Fizibilitesi-Hunutlu-Termik--Santrali-Ornegi|access-date=2021-05-28|website=www.wwf.org.tr|lang=tr}}

Test piles have been constructed{{cite web |title=Adana Emba Hunutlu Thermal Power Plant Project |url=http://hnmzemin.com/proje-adana-emba-hunutlu-enerji-termik-santrali-1636.html |publisher=HNMZemin |access-date=8 May 2019}} and in April 2019 Shanghai Electric Power said that "the successful signing of the facility agreement indicates that the project construction will enter into a fast-growth period". However construction of the coal silos was delayed.{{Cite web|url=https://www.power-technology.com/contractors/materials/esi/pressreleases/esi-to-engineer-three-100000m%c2%b3-coal-silos-for-emba-hunutlu-plant/|title=ESI to Engineer Three 100,000m³ Coal Silos for EMBA Hunutlu Plant|website=Power Technology {{!}} Energy News and Market Analysis|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-09-01}}

The company says it will employ 4000 people in construction and 500 in operation.

The thermal power station has 2x660 MW Ultra Super critical units with steam pressure of 27 MPa and reheat steam temperature of 600°C.

{{see also|Coal in Turkey}}

Imported coal is stored in 3 large sea side silos,{{Cite web|url=https://www.power-technology.com/contractors/materials/esi/pressreleases/esi-to-engineer-three-100000m%c2%b3-coal-silos-for-emba-hunutlu-plant/|title=ESI to Engineer Three 100,000m³ Coal Silos for EMBA Hunutlu Plant|website=Power Technology {{!}} Energy News and Market Analysis|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-14}} and the plant can also run on local coal.{{Cite web|date=2021-08-11|title=Are Turkish environmental groups alone in criticizing the Beijing-Ankara economic integration?|url=https://globalvoices.org/2021/08/11/are-turkish-environmental-groups-the-only-voices-critical-of-the-beijing-ankara-economic-integration/|access-date=2021-08-14|website=Global Voices|language=en}}

{{see also|Electricity sector in Turkey}}

The design is for gross efficiency up to 46% with a gross coal consumption rate less than 270 g/kWh (7000 kcal/kg LHV standard coal).

The plant is cooled by water from Iskenderun Bay.

The selective catalytic reduction is designed to be more than 70% efficient, and according to the company will reduce NOx emissions to less than 100mg/Nm3.

The design is for a combination of electrostatic precipitators, flue-gas desulfurization and wet scrubbers to reduce dust emissions to less than 5mg/Nm3.

Mercury was not mentioned in the Environmental Impact Assessment but has been estimated at 175.5 kg/year.

A public meeting was due to be held in January 2022 to discuss the environmental impact report for Emba Hunutlu, with the owners now adding 43 MW of wind and 37 MW of solar (the electricity for use on site),{{Cite web|title=ilan.gov.tr - Türkiye'nin İlan Portalı|url=https://www.ilan.gov.tr/ilan/914197/tebligat-ve-duyurular/kurumsal-tebligat-ve-duyurular/ced-surecine-halkin-katilimi-toplanti-daveti|access-date=2022-01-11|website=www.ilan.gov.tr}}{{Cite web|date=2022-02-03|title=Emba, Hunutlu Termik'i güneş ve rüzgarla hibrit santrale dönüştürecek|url=https://www.enerjigunlugu.net/hunutlu-termik-gunes-ve-ruzgarla-hibrit-santrale-donusecek-46750h.htm|access-date=2022-02-05|website=Enerji Günlüğü|language=tr}} to the 1320 MW of coal power which had been due to open in 2021.{{Cite web|date=2021-12-31|title=Hunutlu termik santralinde hibrit RES ve GES kurulacak|url=https://yesilekonomi.com/hunutlu-termik-santralinde-hibrit-res-ve-ges-kurulacak/|access-date=2022-01-11|website=Yeşil Ekonomi|language=tr-TR}} The company say that they devote themselves to building a power plant with "no pollution".{{Cite web|title=EMBA Electricity Production Co. Inc.|url=http://embapower.com/#project|access-date=2022-01-11|website=embapower.com}} But environmental groups estimate that air pollution from the power station would cause an extra 50 early deaths per year.{{Cite report|last=Myllyvirta|first=Lauri|title=Air Quality and Health Impacts of the Proposed EMBA Hunutlu Coal Power Project|url=https://energyandcleanair.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/EMBA-Hunutlu-Coal-Power-Project.pdf|year=2020}} Another estimate is that closing the plant by 2030, instead of when its licence ends in 2064, would prevent over 5000 premature deaths.{{Cite report |url=https://www.env-health.org/curing-chronic-coal-turkey/ |title=Curing Chronic Coal: The health benefits of a 2030 coal phase out in Turkey |publisher=Health and Environment Alliance |language=en-GB |year=2022}}

The company has published safety guidelines.{{Cite web |title=EMBA ELEKTRİK ÜRETİM A.Ş HUNUTLU TERMİK SANTRALİ TEHLİKELİ YÜK REHBERİ |url=http://embapower.com/tr/dosyalar/emba_tehlikeli_madde_rehberi.pdf}}

An expert report in 2020 concluded that the plant would be contrary to the İskenderun Bay (Adana-Mersin-Hatay) Integrated Coastal Areas Plan's principles,{{Cite web|url=https://www.banktrack.org/project/emba_hunutlu_coal_power_plant|title=Emba Hunutlu coal power plant|website=Banktrack|language=en|access-date=2020-04-02}} and opponents say it contravenes the Biodiversity Convention. {{Cite web|title=Coal-Fired Plant in Adana May Cause 2,000 more Premature Deaths, Environmentalists Warn|url=http://bianet.org/english/environment/225505-coal-fired-plant-in-adana-may-cause-2-000-more-premature-deaths-environmentalists-warn}}

According to WWF-Turkey the project threatens the loggerhead sea turtles and green sea turtles which nest on nearby Sugözü Beach. Quoting the project environmental impact assessment as saying that the outgoing cooling water will be 7°C higher than the sea water, they say temperatures could exceed 35°C in summer and be fatal to the turtles.{{cite news |title=Çevrecilerden Hunutlu Termik tepkisi|url=https://www.enerjigunlugu.net/cevrecilerden-hunutlu-termik-tepkisi-32151h.htm |publisher=Enerji Günlüğü |date=26 April 2019}} Coal shipments and delivery might also disturb the turtles.

{{As of|2019}} Turkey has no legal limit on fine particulate (PM2.5) emissions. The Health and Environment Alliance say that TurkStat figures show respiratory diseases have already increased in Adana Province, and that could be due to other coal-fired power stations.

Shanghai Electric Power Company says it is "sustainable power generation"{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalconstructionreview.com/news/work-begins-17bn-china-financed-coal-plant-turkey/|title=Work begins on $1.7bn, China-financed coal plant in Turkey - News - GCR|website=www.globalconstructionreview.com|access-date=2019-09-25}} but the power station will increase Turkey's greenhouse gas emissions: if operational according to its design capacity factor and lifetime it will emit over 200 million tonnes of carbon dioxide.{{cite web |title=Emba Hunutlu coal power plant -issues |url=https://www.banktrack.org/project/emba_hunutlu_coal_power_plant#issues |publisher=BankTrack |access-date=8 May 2019}}

Climate TRACE estimates it emitted over 5 million tons of the country's total 730 million tons of greenhouse gas in 2022:{{Cite web |title=Explore Map - Climate TRACE |url=https://climatetrace.org/explore/asset-25455417 |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=climatetrace.org |language=en}} the company is on the Urgewald Global Coal Exit List.{{Cite web |year=2023 |title=Explore the Data |url=https://www.coalexit.org/data |access-date= |website=coalexit.org}}

TEMA Foundation filed a lawsuit in 2017{{cite web |title=Davalar |url=http://tema.org.tr/web_14966-2_1/neuralnetwork.aspx?type=78 |publisher=TEMA Foundation |access-date=8 May 2019}} and in 2018 several other organisations under the grouping of Doğu Akdeniz Çevre Platformu (East Mediterranean Environment Platform) were in ongoing legal action in Ankara.[http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/bilirkisiden-termik-santral-halk-sagligini-bozar-raporu-40724490 "Bilirkişiden ‘termik santral halk sağlığını bozar’ raporu"] Hürriyet, January 28, 2018

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{{Reflist|30em}}

• [https://www.gem.wiki/EMBA_Hunutlu_power_station Emba Hunutlu power station] on Global Energy Monitor
• [https://www.banktrack.org/project/emba_hunutlu_coal_power_plant Banktrack] and [https://www.banktrack.org/project/emba_hunutlu_coal_power_plant#updates updates]
• [https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/adana/duyurular/ilana-cikarma--8230-11146-20180531142040.pdf Plan additions and revisions (Turkish)]

{{Power stations in Turkey}}

Category:Coal-fired power stations in Turkey

Category:Buildings and structures in Adana

Category:Belt and Road Initiative

Category:Environmental protests in Turkey