Emil Rupp#Canal ray experiments

{{Infobox scientist

| honorific_prefix =

| name =Emil Rupp

| honorific_suffix =

| native_name =

| native_name_lang =

| image = Emil Rupp 1964.jpg

| image_size =

| image_upright =

| alt =

| caption =

| birth_name =

| birth_date = {{birth date|1898|07|01|df=y}}

| birth_place =

| death_date = {{dda|1979|04|10|1898|07|01|df=y}}

| death_place =

| death_cause =

| resting_place =

| resting_place_coordinates =

| other_names =

| pronounce =

| residence =

| citizenship =

| nationality =

| fields =

| workplaces =

| patrons =

| education =

| alma_mater =

| thesis_title =

| thesis_url =

| thesis_year =

| doctoral_advisor =

| academic_advisors =

| doctoral_students =

| notable_students =

| known_for =

| influences =

| influenced =

| awards =

| author_abbrev_bot =

| author_abbrev_zoo =

| spouse =

| partner =

| children =

| signature =

| signature_alt =

| website =

| footnotes =

}}

Philipp Heinrich Emil Rupp (1 July 1898 – 10 April 1979) was a German physicist, regarded by many as a respectable and important experimentalist in the late 1920s."[Emil] Rupp, in the late twenties, early thirties, was regarded as the most important and most competent experimental physicist. He did incredible things." stated Walther Gerlach in an interview with T.S. Kuhn on 18 February 1963, Archive for History of Quantum Physics, cited after van Dongen.Jeroen van Dongen: Emil Rupp, Albert Einstein and the Canal Ray Experiments on Wave–Particle Duality: Scientific Fraud and Theoretical Bias. In: Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 37 Suppl. (2007), 73–120. [http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive/00003530/01/Rupp-final-2.pdf] He was later forced to recant all five of the papers he had published in 1935, admitting that his findings and experiments had been fictions. There is evidence that most if not all of his earlier experimental results were forged as well.

Canal ray experiments

In 1926 Rupp's canal ray experiments seemed to corroborate Albert Einstein's theories on wave–particle duality. He published these results in a paper that was printed next to a theoretical paper on the same subject by Einstein, who evidently accepted Rupp's alleged findings as confirming his (Einstein's) theoretical model. Rupp's experimental results were later shown to have been falsified (although subsequent experimental work re-confirmed Einstein's model).

Exposure of fraud

Although the validity of Rupp's experimental results had been challenged by other workers in the field repeatedly throughout his career, it was not until 1935 that his misdeeds were fully exposed. In 1935 experimentalists Walther Gerlach and Eduard Rüchardt published a corrected version of Einstein's mirror diagram in an article{{cite journal|last=Rüchardt|first=Eduard|author2=Walter Gerlach|title=Über die Kohärenzlänge des von Kanalstrahlen emittierten Lichtes|journal=Annalen der Physik|year=1935|volume=416|issue=2|pages=124|doi=10.1002/andp.19354160203|bibcode = 1935AnP...416..124G }} that argued that Rupp had falsely claimed to have carried out the rotated mirror experiment. Some fellow physicists at the AEG labs grew suspicious of Rupp when he claimed having accelerated protons at 500 kV, something he could not have the technical facilities to achieve. Rupp had to publicly retract five publications from the previous year. He attached a psychiatric diagnosis by {{ill|Victor-Emil von Gebsattel|de|lt=Dr. Emil von Gebsattel}} that said he had written them under the influence of "dreamlike states" caused by psychasthenia. Rupp never worked again as a physicist, and all other physicists ceased to refer to any of his alleged results.

Emil Rupp#Canal ray experiments

Canal ray experiments

Exposure of fraud

See also

References

Further reading