Emirate of Banu Talis
{{Short description|Hawwara dynasty}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Emirate of Banu Talis
| capital = Bani Walid
| religion = Islam
| year_end = 1551
| year_start = 1228
| today = Libya
}}
Banu Talis was a Hawwara{{Cite web |last=Garnier |first=Sébastien |date=2023-11-23 |title=The emirate of the Banū Tellīs in the 15th c. CE / إمارة بني تليس في القرن 15 م |url=https://libmed.hypotheses.org/3427 |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=LibMed |language=fr-FR}} dynasty, which appeared in Libya in 1228 and established the city of Bani Walid as its capital.{{Cite web |date=2022-12-24 |title=كتاب تاريخ ابن خلدون - المكتبة الشاملة |url=https://shamela.ws/book/12320 |access-date=2024-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224201225/https://shamela.ws/book/12320 |archive-date=2022-12-24 }}
Rise
The dynasty was founded by the scholar Sheikh Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Ali bin Abdullah bin Al-Rashid bin Talis Al-Abdari Al-Qayrawani.{{Cite book |last=الشريف |first=ميلود |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V8BKDwAAQBAJ&dq=%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3&pg=PA28 |title=رباعيات سيدي عبد الرحمن المجذوب |date=2011-01-01 |publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية |isbn=978-2-7451-7160-3 |language=ar}}{{Cite book |last=شكر |first=عبد الفتاح فتحى ابو حسن |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z9NVDwAAQBAJ&dq=%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3&pg=PT86 |title=الإحياء بعد الإنساء - الجزء الاول |publisher=ktab INC. |language=ar}}
Stories differ about the reason behind Ibn Talis' exodus to Tripoli. Some sources claim that Abd al-Dar took refuge there after fleeing a dispute that occurred between him and some scholars of Kairouan who conspired with the Sultan against him. He and those with him fled across the sea to Tripoli.{{Cite web |date=2023-06-01 |title=قبيلة اولاد تلّيس ، التلالسة ، التلّيسي - تاريخ واصول الليبيين الاصليين |url=https://libyan.org.ly/%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%91%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%8C-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%8C-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%91%D9%8A%D8%B3/ |access-date=2024-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601203728/https://libyan.org.ly/%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%91%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%8C-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%8C-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%91%D9%8A%D8%B3/ |archive-date=2023-06-01 }}{{Cite journal |last=Garnier |first=Sébastien |date=2023-11-23 |title=The emirate of the Banū Tellīs in the 15th c. CE / إمارة بني تليس في القرن 15 م |url=https://libmed.hypotheses.org/3427 |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=LibMed |doi=10.58079/qvt1 |language=fr-FR}} Other sources claim that he was assigned to Tripoli by the ruling Hafsid dynasty.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}
Ibn Talis arrived in Wadi Bani Walid in 1228. The Hawwara Berber and Hilali Arab residents of the region gathered around him (perhaps due to his noble Qurashi lineage). He became a major force in the country.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}
He made several reforms in the region. He dug between 300 and 360 wells, and built several palaces, including the famous "Ibn Talis Palace", as the seat of his power.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}
He built several zawiyas and the emirate flourished during his reign. Trade, agriculture, and pottery makingspread, and prominent scholars appeared, whose fame spread throughout North Africa and Sub-Saharan Sudan. These included Sheikh "Abdul Salam al-Fitouri", known as "Abdul Salam al-Asmar", to whom students come from many countries.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}
Fall
The emirate suffered from invasion more than once, beginning with the Spanish invasion in 1510 AD.{{Cite book |last=شكر |first=عبد الفتاح فتحى عبد الفتاح ابو حسن |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GNRVDwAAQBAJ |title=الإحياء بعد الإنساء - الجزء الثانى |publisher=ktab INC. |language=ar}} It targeted the city of Masalata, the cultural capital of the emirate, and the Banu Tellis were able to repel this occupation under the leadership of Sheikh "Abdul Wahid Al-Doukali."{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}
The Ottoman Turkish invasion came during the reign of the last prince, "Ali II", who resisted them for 26 years. Then they invaded in 1603 AD with an army of 10,000 fighters supported by local tribes. The emirate's headquarters in Qasr Bin Talis was destroyed, the city was completely burned, and most of the members of the ruling family were killed. After that an unknowen sheikhdom ruled.