Emmanuel Mignot

{{Infobox medical person

|name = Emmanuel Mignot

|image =

|image_size =

|alt =

|caption = Mignot on the beach with his narcoleptic dog Bear.

|birth_date = {{birth year and age|1959}}

|birth_place = Paris, France

|death_date =

|death_place =

|profession = Medical doctor

|specialism = Psychiatry

|research_field = Sleep disorders

|known_for = Work on narcolepsy

|years_active =

|education = Université Pierre and Marie Curie
Necker-Enfants Malades, Université René Descartes
École Normale Supérieure

|work_institutions = {{URL|https://profiles.stanford.edu/emmanuel-mignot | Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine}}

|prizes =

|relations =

|signature =

}}

Emmanuel Mignot (born 1959 in Paris) is a sleep researcher and director of the Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, at Stanford University. Dr. Mignot is an authority on sleep research and medicine, and is mostly known for his work on narcolepsy. He is the Craig Reynolds Professor of Sleep Medicine at Stanford Medical School, Stanford University.{{Cite web |last=Mignot |first=Em |title=Prof |url=http://med.stanford.edu/profiles/Emmanuel_Mignot/ |access-date=28 September 2013 |publisher=Stanford}}

Career

Dr. Emmanuel Mignot completed his Science Doctorate in Molecular Pharmacology at the Université Pierre and Marie Curie and went to medical school at Necker-Enfants Malades, Université René Descartes, with subspecialisation in Psychiatry. Dr. Mignot is a former student of École Normale Supérieure (Ulm).

Following a postdoctoral fellowship at the Stanford Sleep Center, Mignot believed that understanding narcolepsy could lead to breakthrough in new understanding of sleep. He was appointed assistant professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University in 1993, professor in 2001 and director of the Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine in 2011, succeeding William C. Dement. Trained as a pharmacologist, he first deciphered the mode of action of modafinil, amphetamines, and antidepressants on narcolepsy symptoms,{{Cite journal |last1=Nishino |first1=S. |last2=Mignot |first2=E. |date=May 1997 |title=Pharmacological aspects of human and canine narcolepsy |journal=Progress in Neurobiology |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=27–78 |doi=10.1016/s0301-0082(96)00070-6 |issn=0301-0082 |pmid=9185233|doi-access=free }} work that was done in close collaboration with Dr. Seiji Nishino.

Starting in 1990, he isolated the gene causing canine narcolepsy in doberman and Labrador dogs. Ten years later, this led to the discovery that mutations in the hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2 cause canine narcolepsy,{{Cite journal |last1=Lin |first1=L. |last2=Faraco |first2=J. |last3=Li |first3=R. |last4=Kadotani |first4=H. |last5=Rogers |first5=W. |last6=Lin |first6=X. |last7=Qiu |first7=X. |last8=de Jong |first8=P. J. |last9=Nishino |first9=S. |last10=Mignot |first10=E. |date=1999-08-06 |title=The sleep disorder canine narcolepsy is caused by a mutation in the hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2 gene |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10458611 |journal=Cell |volume=98 |issue=3 |pages=365–376 |doi=10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81965-0 |issn=0092-8674 |pmid=10458611}} and that human narcolepsy was caused by an immune mediated destruction of the hypocretin (orexin) producing cells in the brain{{Cite journal |last1=Nishino |first1=S. |last2=Ripley |first2=B. |last3=Overeem |first3=S. |last4=Lammers |first4=G. J. |last5=Mignot |first5=E. |date=2000-01-01 |title=Hypocretin (orexin) deficiency in human narcolepsy |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10615891 |journal=Lancet |volume=355 |issue=9197 |pages=39–40 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(99)05582-8 |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=10615891|doi-access=free }} Parallel work performed by Mashashi Yanagisawa, Christopher Stinton and colleagues subsequently showed that hypocretin (orexin) deficient mice also have narcolepsy.{{Cite journal |last1=Chemelli |first1=R. M. |last2=Willie |first2=J. T. |last3=Sinton |first3=C. M. |last4=Elmquist |first4=J. K. |last5=Scammell |first5=T. |last6=Lee |first6=C. |last7=Richardson |first7=J. A. |last8=Williams |first8=S. C. |last9=Xiong |first9=Y. |last10=Kisanuki |first10=Y. |last11=Fitch |first11=T. E. |last12=Nakazato |first12=M. |last13=Hammer |first13=R. E. |last14=Saper |first14=C. B. |last15=Yanagisawa |first15=M. |date=1999-08-20 |title=Narcolepsy in orexin knockout mice: molecular genetics of sleep regulation |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10481909 |journal=Cell |volume=98 |issue=4 |pages=437–451 |doi=10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81973-x |issn=0092-8674 |pmid=10481909}}

The autoimmune destruction of hypocretin (orexin) neurons in the hypothalamus was later shown by Han and Mignot to be at least partially precipitated by influenza A infections, notably the H1N1 2009 pandemic strain,{{Cite journal |last1=Han |first1=Fang |last2=Lin |first2=Ling |last3=Warby |first3=Simon C. |last4=Faraco |first4=Juliette |last5=Li |first5=Jing |last6=Dong |first6=Song X. |last7=An |first7=Pei |last8=Zhao |first8=Long |last9=Wang |first9=Ling H. |last10=Li |first10=Qian Y. |last11=Yan |first11=Han |last12=Gao |first12=Zhan C. |last13=Yuan |first13=Yuan |last14=Strohl |first14=Kingman P. |last15=Mignot |first15=Emmanuel |date=September 2011 |title=Narcolepsy onset is seasonal and increased following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in China |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21866560 |journal=Annals of Neurology |volume=70 |issue=3 |pages=410–417 |doi=10.1002/ana.22587 |issn=1531-8249 |pmid=21866560}} complementing findings made in Northern Europe following the H1N1 Pandemrix vaccination campaign.{{Cite journal |last1=Partinen |first1=Markku |last2=Saarenpää-Heikkilä |first2=Outi |last3=Ilveskoski |first3=Ismo |last4=Hublin |first4=Christer |last5=Linna |first5=Miika |last6=Olsén |first6=Päivi |last7=Nokelainen |first7=Pekka |last8=Alén |first8=Reija |last9=Wallden |first9=Tiina |last10=Espo |first10=Merimaaria |last11=Rusanen |first11=Harri |last12=Olme |first12=Jan |last13=Sätilä |first13=Heli |last14=Arikka |first14=Harri |last15=Kaipainen |first15=Pekka |date=2012 |title=Increased incidence and clinical picture of childhood narcolepsy following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic vaccination campaign in Finland |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=e33723 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0033723 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=3314680 |pmid=22470463|bibcode=2012PLoSO...733723P }}

Dr. Mignot identified genetic factors predisposing to human narcolepsy, such as human leukocyte antigen HLA DQB1*06:02 and other genes{{Cite journal |last1=Sehgal |first1=Amita |last2=Mignot |first2=Emmanuel |date=2011-07-22 |title=Genetics of sleep and sleep disorders |journal=Cell |volume=146 |issue=2 |pages=194–207 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.004 |issn=1097-4172 |pmc=3153991 |pmid=21784243}} and isolated the gene causing the methylopathy Autosomal Dominant Cerebelar Ataxia, Deafness and Narcolepsy (ADCA-DN), DNMT1.{{Cite journal |last1=Winkelmann |first1=Juliane |last2=Lin |first2=Ling |last3=Schormair |first3=Barbara |last4=Kornum |first4=Birgitte R. |last5=Faraco |first5=Juliette |last6=Plazzi |first6=Giuseppe |last7=Melberg |first7=Atle |last8=Cornelio |first8=Ferdinando |last9=Urban |first9=Alexander E. |last10=Pizza |first10=Fabio |last11=Poli |first11=Francesca |last12=Grubert |first12=Fabian |last13=Wieland |first13=Thomas |last14=Graf |first14=Elisabeth |last15=Hallmayer |first15=Joachim |date=2012-05-15 |title=Mutations in DNMT1 cause autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, deafness and narcolepsy |journal=Human Molecular Genetics |volume=21 |issue=10 |pages=2205–2210 |doi=10.1093/hmg/dds035 |issn=1460-2083 |pmc=3465691 |pmid=22328086}}

=Awards=

Dr. Mignot has received numerous research grants and honors, including National Sleep Foundation and National Institute of Health Research Awards, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator and McKnight Neuroscience awards, the Narcolepsy Network{{Cite web |last=Guen |first=Le |date=2014-01-01 |title=Emmanuel Mignot, MD, PhD's Profile |url=https://profiles.stanford.edu/emmanuel-mignot |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=Stanford Profiles}} professional service award, the Drs. C. and F. Demuth 11th Award for Young Investigators in the Neurosciences, the WC Dement Academic Achievement Award in sleep disorders medicine, the CINP and ACNP awards in neuropharmacology and the Jacobaeus prize. He is an elected member of the Association of American Physicians and of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. He is the co-author of more than 200 original scientific publications, and he serves on the editorial board of scientific journals in the field of sleep and biology research. Dr. Mignot is an active member of several professional and governmental organizations. He has been past president of the Sleep Research society, chair the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research Advisory board of the National institutes of Health and chair of the Board of Scientific Counselors of the National Institute of Mental Health. For 2023 he was awarded the Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences for discovering that narcolepsy is caused by the loss of a small population of brain cells that make a wake-promoting substance, paving the way for the development of new treatments for sleep disorders.{{Cite news |title=Breakthrough Prize – Winners Of The 2023 Breakthrough Prizes In Life Sciences, Mathematics And Fundamental Physics Announced |url=https://breakthroughprize.org/News/73 |access-date=2024-08-12 |language=en}}

Bibliography

Dr. Mignot has written many published works in the field of sleep medicine.{{Cite web |title=Selected Publications |url=http://med.stanford.edu/school/Psychiatry/narcolepsy/publications.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111145438/http://med.stanford.edu/school/Psychiatry/narcolepsy/publications.html |archive-date=January 11, 2012 |access-date=August 7, 2012 |website=Stanford School of Medicine Center for Narcolepsy}}{{Cite web |title=PubMed Search for Emmanuel Mignot |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mignot+E&cauthor_id=32621581 |access-date=14 July 2022}}