Emmanuel Timoni

{{Short description|Ottoman Greek physician (1669-1718/1720)}}

{{Infobox scientist

| name = Emmanuel Timoni

| native_name = Εμμανουήλ Τιμόνης

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| birth_date = 1669

| birth_place = Chios

| death_date = 1718/1720

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| field = medicine

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| known_for = Inoculation

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Emmanuel Timoni or Emanuel Timonius ({{langx|el|Εμμανουήλ Τιμόνης}}; 1669-1718/1720) was an Ottoman Greek physician from Chios. His father was a dragoman at the Sultan's court.{{cite journal | url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-020-0431-6 | doi=10.1057/s41599-020-0431-6 | title=Smallpox inoculation: Translation, transference and transformation | year=2020 | last1=Eriksen | first1=Anne | journal=Palgrave Communications | volume=6 | s2cid=214633073 | hdl=10852/77887 | hdl-access=free }} He studied medicine and philosophy at the University of Oxford and the University of Padua. After his studies he became a physician at the Sultan's court in Constantinople.

Timoni and Giacomo Pylarini were responsible for introducing the idea of variolation to the United Kingdom when they independently wrote letters on the subject to the Royal Society.{{cite web | url=https://bathmedicalmuseum.org/smallpox-and-the-origins-of-immunisation/ | title=Smallpox and the Origins of Immunisation }}{{cite journal | pmc=1457746 | year=2006 | last1=Huth | first1=E. | title=Quantitative evidence for judgments on the efficacy of inoculation for the prevention of smallpox: England and New England in the 1700s | journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine | volume=99 | issue=5 | pages=262–266 | doi=10.1177/014107680609900521 | pmid=16672762 }}{{Cite journal |last=Kyrkoudis |first=Theodoros |date=2020 |title=Vaccination of the ethnic Greeks (Rums) against smallpox in the Ottoman Empire: Emmanuel Timonis and Jacobus Pylarinos as precursors of Edward Jenner |url=http://www.erciyesmedj.com/jvi.aspx?un=EMJ-82856&volume= |journal=Erciyes Medical Journal |doi=10.14744/etd.2020.82856|s2cid=226768356 |doi-access=free }}