Endeavour Reef
{{Short description|Coral reef in Australia}}
{{Use Australian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Image label begin|width=300|image=Endeavour Reef Worldwind.png|float=right}}
{{Image label small|scale=300|x=0.20|y=0.07|text=6px Cooktown}}
{{Image label small|scale=300|x=0.05|y=0.03|text=6px Endeavour River}}
{{Image label small|scale=300|x=0.70|y=0.51|text=6px Cairns Reef}}
{{Image label small|scale=300|x=0.74|y=0.645|text=6px Endeavour Reef}}
{{Image label small|scale=300|x=0.56|y=0.57|text=6px Hope Islands National Park}}
{{Image label small|scale=300|x=0.78|y=0.80|text=6px Pickersgill Reef}}
{{Image label small|scale=300|x=0.62|y=0.47|text=Image:Crosshair.png King's "dry rock"}}
{{Image label end}}
Endeavour Reef is a coral reef within the Great Barrier Reef. It is within the Shire of Cook, Queensland, Australia.{{cite QPN|11748|Endeavour Reef|reef in Shire of Cook|accessdate=|access-date=9 December 2024}} On 11 June 1770, the HM Bark Endeavour under the command of Lieutenant James Cook struck the reef and ran aground.
History
File:HMS Endeavour off the coast of New Holland, by Samuel Atkins c.1794.jpg
The reef was encountered by Lieutenant James Cook when HM Bark Endeavour ran aground there on 11 June 1770. In his journals, Cook described striking the south-eastern end of the reef at 11pm after having passed just north of Pickersgill ReefPickersgill Reef coordinates per [http://fedlaw.gov.au/ComLaw/Legislation/LegislativeInstrumentCompilation1.nsf/framelodgmentattachments/DDF8AADFC2F048B3CA2571C6001DD6C5]: {{coord|15|51.05|S|145|33.79|E|display=inline}} about one hour before.[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/8106/8106.txt The Project Gutenberg EBook of Captain Cook's Journal During the First Voyage Round the World, by James Cook] Cook named the reef Endeavour Rocks.
The Endeavour crew discarded six cannons and ballast in order to refloat the ship. Hans Hass searched unsuccessfully for the cannons during several dives in December 1952.Hass, Hans: Erinnerungen & Abenteuer. Wien, Styria, pp. 256. In 1969 an underwater search discovered the six abandoned cannons and ballast.{{Cite web |title=The Vernon Anchors and HMB Endeavour Cannon |url=http://www.anmm.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/anchors_cannon.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016035201/http://www.anmm.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/anchors_cannon.pdf |archive-date=2013-10-16 |access-date=9 December 2024 |website=Australian National Maritime Museum}}
Geography
The reef is about {{convert|7|km}} long and runs in an east–west direction. The center of the reef is located at {{coord|-15.77806|145.58139|type:landmark_region:AU-QLD|display=inline,title|name=Endeavour Reef}}. It is about {{convert|6|km}} south-east of the Hope Islands in the Hope Islands National Park and {{convert|12|km}} off the mainland.
Philip Parker King described the region in his Voyages for the Survey of the Intertropical coasts of Australia Volume 2 following his expeditions between 1818 and 1820.[https://books.google.com/books?id=jg9nJL5YgqUC&dq=Endeavour+Reef&pg=PA3 Voyages for the Survey of the Intertropical coasts of Australia] by Philip Parker King (p. 153) at Google Books King described the reef as being "... nine miles long; it lies in a North-West direction; the north end, in 15 degrees 39 minutes South, bears due from the North-east Hope." and stated that there was a dry rock on the western edge "... in latitude 15 degrees 39 minutes 55 seconds." It is probable that he was referring to Cairns Reef which is further to the north.{{cite QPN|5691|Cairns Reef|accessdate=27 July 2014}}
Recovered cannons
Of the six cannons recovered, they are held by the following museums:
- National Museum of Australia, Canberra, Australia{{Cite web |title=Endeavour cannon |url=https://www.nma.gov.au/explore/collection/highlights/endeavour-cannon |access-date=2024-12-09 |publisher=National Museum of Australia}}
- Cooktown Museum (formerly James Cook Museum), Cooktown, Australia{{Cite web |title=Cooktown Museum |url=https://nationaltrustqld.org.au/visitor-sites/Cooktown-Museum |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=National Trust of Australia (Queensland) |language=en}}
- Australian National Maritime Museum, Sydney, Australia
- Te Papa Museum, Auckland, New Zealand{{Cite web |title=Cannon, from HMB Endeavour |url=https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/object/58886 |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa}}
- Royal Museums Greenwich, London, United Kingdom{{Cite web |title=Endeavour cannon |url=https://www.rmg.co.uk/sites/default/files/import/8_gunfromhmbarkendeavour.pdf |access-date=9 December 2024 |website=Royal Museums Greenwich}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20110605023920/http://www.ga.gov.au/bin/gazd01?rec=133682 Gazetteer of Australia]