Endowment (Latter Day Saints)

{{main article|Confirmation (Latter Day Saints)}}

Image:Latter Day Saint confirmation (Mayhew 1852).png

Although it was not generally referred to as an endowment at the time, in retrospect, Latter Day Saints have viewed the confirmation, first performed on April 6, 1830, and attendant outpourings of the spiritual gifts, as an early type of endowment.See, e.g., {{harvtxt|Talmage|1912|pp=74–76}} (James E. Talmage, an apostle and theologian of the LDS Church, describing confirmation as an "endowment" of the Holy Spirit); Testimony of Mary Pate Eaton, Temple Lot Case transcript (1893) p. 272 ("By endowments in the church I understand as endowments in the Bible is spoken of [as the] endowment of the Holy Spirit.). The term derives from the Authorized King James Version, referring to the spiritual gifts given the disciples of Jesus on the day of Pentecost, in which they were "endowed with power from on high".Gospel of Luke 24:49 (Authorized King James Version) ("And, behold, I send the promise of my Father upon you; but tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem until ye be endowed with power from on high.") Subsequent to these early confirmations, Mormons exhibited what they viewed as spiritual gifts such as having visions, prophecy, gift of healing, gift of knowledge, gift of tongues.(Joseph Smith History, 1839 draft). Unlike the other Latter Day Saint endowments, confirmation has continued to coexist with later endowments as a separate Latter Day Saint ordinance. In the Community of Christ, formerly known as the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, the "endowment of the Holy Spirit" such as occurred on the day of Pentecost is the only recognized endowment.{{cite book |last1=Rich |first1=Ben E. |title=Scrapbook of Mormon Literature, Vol. 1: Religious Tracts |chapter=The 'Reorganized' Church vs. Salvation for the Dead by Joseph F. Smith, Jr. 1905|page=82| date=5 August 2018 |publisher=Forgotten Books |location=London, UK |isbn=978-1331622215 |edition=Classic Reprint |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4xymDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT82}}{{cite book |title=Compilation of General Conference Resolutions, 1852-1907 |date=1908 |publisher=Board of Publication of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints |location=Lamoni, IA |pages=82–83|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nHxNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA83|quote=Adopted April 9, 1886 ... No. 308 ... 3. ... That as to the alleged 'temple building and ceremonial endowments therein,' that we know of no temple building, except as edifices wherein to worship God, and no endowment except the endowment of the Holy Spirit of the kind experienced by the early saints on Pentecost Day.}}

{{main article|Melchizedek Priesthood (Latter Day Saints)}}

The first reference to an endowment by Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, was in early 1831, some days after Smith was joined in his ministry by Sidney Rigdon, a newly converted Campbellite minister from Ohio. Rigdon's congregation also was converted to Smith's Church of Christ. Rigdon had apparently disagreed with the Campbellites in that he believed in a Pentecostal endowment of power beyond the abiding presence of the Holy Spirit endowed upon confirmation.{{CN|date=February 2023}} While Rigdon believed the teachings of the early Mormon missionaries who converted him, he thought the missionaries were lacking in heavenly power.{{harvtxt|Prince|1995|p=116}}.

In January 1831, Smith issued a revelation where he wrote that after Mormons relocated to Kirtland, Ohio, they would "be endowed with power from on high" and "sent forth".{{harvtxt|Phelps|1833|p=84}} (D&C 38:32) Smith reiterated this in February 1831, stating that the "elders of the church Smith reaffirmed that the faithful members would "be taught from on high" and "endowed with power",{{harvtxt|Phelps|1833|pp=97–98}} (D&C 43:16). and that God would call the elders of the church together in Kirtland in a general conference and "pour out [his] Spirit upon them in that day they assemble themselves together".{{harvtxt|Phelps|1833|pp=97–98}} D&C 44:1-2 In a revelation given to an individual, Smith assured the man that "at the conference meeting he [would] be ordained unto power from on high".Kirtland Revelation Book, p. 91.

This general conference of the church was held from June 3 to June 6, 1831, in which a number of men were ordained to the "High" or "Melchizedek" Priesthood for the first time,Cannon and Cook, 6-7; The official church history states that during this conference, "the authority of the Melchizedek priesthood was manifested and conferred for the first time upon several of the Elders" {{harv|Roberts|1902|pp=175–76}}. The editor of this history believed this was a mistake, because it would not be consistent with the then-common Mormon belief that the priesthood had been conferred prior to the church's founding in 1830. {{harv|Roberts|1902|pp=176}} Several modern historians believe the official record was not mistaken and is consistent with other historical records, and that this 1831 endowment marked the restoration of the Melchizedek priesthood (Quinn). which ordination "consisted [of] the endowment--it being a new order--and bestowed authority".Corrill, 18 Later that year, an early convert who had left the church claimed that many of the Saints "have been ordained to the High Priesthood, or the order of Melchizedek; and profess to be endowed with the same power as the ancient apostles were".{{Harv|Booth|1831}}

{{main article|School of the Prophets}}

In 1833, Joseph Smith established what he called a School of the Prophets,

Although the events at this school were never specifically called an "endowment", it has been classified as such by scholars including Gregory A. Prince because of similarities with the 1831 and 1836 endowments, and the fact that part of the school's stated intention was so that the church's elders could be "endowed with power from on high".{{Harvtxt|Prince|1995|p=121}}. At the beginning, the school was "accompanied by a pentecostal outpouring, including speaking in tongues, prophesying and 'many manifestations of the holy spirit'". It included a new Latter Day Saint ordinance of foot washing.

Image:KirtlandTemple Ohio USA.jpg

A year and a half after the June 1831 endowment, Smith said he received a revelation in December 1832 to prepare to build a "house of God", or a temple.D&C 88:119. A revelation soon followed identifying the location of the temple in Kirtland, Ohio,D&C 94:3. and another revelation affirmed that in this building the Lord "design[ed] to endow those [he] had chosen with power on high".D&C 95:8. In a later revelation the Lord indicated that the elders were to be "endowed with power from on high; for [he had] prepared a greater endowment" than the 1831 endowment.Kirtland Revelation Book, p. 98. Upon the completion of the Kirtland Temple after three years of construction (1833–36), the elders of the church gathered for this second promised endowment in early 1836.

The Kirtland Temple endowment ceremonies were patterned after Old Testament sacerdotal practices. They consisted of preparatory washings, administered in private homes, in which men washed and purified their bodies with water and alcohol. {{citation |title=Kirtland Elders' Quorum Record 1836-1841 |date=25 January 1836 |url=http://www.boap.org/LDS/Early-Saints/Kirt-Elders.html |access-date=5 January 2010 |archive-date=4 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704064012/http://www.boap.org/LDS/Early-Saints/Kirt-Elders.html |url-status=dead }} After this, they gathered in the temple where they were anointed with specially consecrated oil and with blessings pronounced upon their heads by Smith and other church leaders. The men's anointings were sealed with uplifted hands. Following these ceremonies many men reported participating in extraordinary spiritual experiences, such as seeing visions, speaking prophecies or receiving revelations. The culmination of the endowment was a solemn assembly, held on March 30, in which the men partook of the sacrament and then washed each other's feet. Those present spent the rest of the day and night prophesying, speaking in tongues, testifying and exhorting each other.{{citation|last=Arrington |first=Leonard J. |author-link=Leonard J. Arrington |title=Oliver Cowdery's Kirtland, Ohio, 'Sketch Book |journal=BYU Studies |date=Summer 1972 |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=416–420 |url=https://byustudies.byu.edu/showTitle.aspx?title=5032 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021171426/https://byustudies.byu.edu/showTitle.aspx?title=5032 |archive-date=2013-10-21 }}Cook and Backman, [http://www.boap.org/LDS/Early-Saints/Kirt-Elders.html Kirtland Elders' Quorum Record, 1836-1841] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704064012/http://www.boap.org/LDS/Early-Saints/Kirt-Elders.html |date=2008-07-04 }} pp. 1-9. To those present it was a "day of Pentecost". Indeed, Smith told the solemn assembly that they could now "go forth and build up the kingdom of God".Joseph Smith Diary, March 30, 1836, LDS Church Archives.

On April 3, 1836, Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery recounted the appearance of Jesus to them in the Kirtland Temple, and his acceptance of the building as his house. This was followed by the appearance of three prophets: Moses, Elias, and Elijah, each of whom bestowed additional temple-related authority on the two men.D&C 110:1-16.

Initially, Smith intended the Kirtland endowment to become an annual affair; he administered the same ceremonies again in 1837.Jesse, "The Kirtland Diary of Wilford Woodruff", BYU Studies [Summer 1972]: 365-399. However, because of persecution{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}} the Mormons largely abandoned Kirtland and its temple in 1838-39 and moved west. As Smith's theology expanded during the 1840s, the Kirtland endowment was superseded by the Nauvoo endowment. Mormons looked back upon the Kirtland Temple rituals with the authority bestowed by the three prophets as preparatory to the greater endowment revealed at Nauvoo. This was certainly the view of Brigham Young, who said: {{cquote|And those first Elders who helped to build it [Kirtland Temple], received a portion of their first endowments, or we might say more clearly, some of the first, or introductory, or initiatory ordinances, preparatory to an endowment. The preparatory ordinances there administered, though accompanied the ministration of angels, and the presence of the Lord Jesus, were but a faint similitude of the ordinances of the House of the Lord in their fulness.Journal of Discourses, 2:31.}}

{{main article|Endowment (Mormonism)}}

Image:Mormon woman's temple clothing circa 1870s.jpeg

On May 3, 1842, Joseph Smith prepared the second floor of his Red Brick Store, in Nauvoo, Illinois, to represent "the interior of a temple as circumstances would permit".(Anderson and Bergera, 2) The next day, May 4, he introduced the Nauvoo endowment ceremony to nine associates: Associate President and Patriarch to the Church Hyrum Smith (Smith's brother); first counselor in the First Presidency, William Law; three of the Twelve Apostles, Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball and Willard Richards; Nauvoo stake president, William Marks; two bishops, Newel K. Whitney and George Miller; and a close friend, Judge James Adams of Springfield, Illinois.

Throughout 1843 and 1844, Smith continued to initiate other men, as well as women, into the endowment ceremony. By the time of his death on June 27, 1844, more than 50 persons had been admitted into the Anointed Quorum, the name by which this group called themselves.

The Nauvoo endowment consisted of two phases: (1) an initiation, and (2) an instructional and testing phase. The initiation consisted of a washing and anointing, culminating in the clothing of the patron in a "Garment of the Holy Priesthood", which is thereafter worn as an undergarment.

The instructional and testing phase of the endowment consisted of a scripted reenactment of Adam and Eve's experience in the Garden of Eden (performed by live actors called officiators; in the mid-20th century certain portions were adapted to a film presentation).[https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/2008/03-ee/president-gordon-b-hinckley "President Gordon B. Hinckley"], Ensign (supp.), Mar. 2008, pp. 2–13. The instruction is punctuated with personal covenants, gestures, and a prayer circle around an altar. At the end of instruction, the initiate's knowledge of symbolic gestures and key-words is tested at a "veil", a symbolic final frontier for the initiate to face the judgment of Jesus, before entering the presence of God in the celestial kingdom.{{Harv|Buerger|1987|pp=44–45}}

{{Portal|Latter-day Saints}}

• Temple (Latter Day Saints)

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Refbegin|2}}

• {{cite book

| editor1-last = Anderson

| editor1-first = Devery S.

| editor2-last = Bergera

| editor2-first = James

| year = 2005

| title = Joseph Smith's Quorum of the Anointed, 1842-1845: A Documentary History

| place = Salt Lake City

| publisher = Signature Books

| isbn = 1-56085-186-4

| oclc = 57965858

| url = http://signaturebooks.com/2010/02/quorum-of-the-anointed/

| access-date = 2014-03-13

| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130202091515/http://signaturebooks.com/2010/02/quorum-of-the-anointed/

| archive-date = 2013-02-02

| url-status = dead

}}.

• {{Citation

| last = Beadle

| first = John Hanson

| year = 1870

| title = Life in Utah

| place = Philadelphia

| publisher = National Publishing

| lccn = 30005377

| oclc = 544755

| url = https://archive.org/details/crimeofmormonism00beadrich

}}.

• {{Citation

| last = Booth

| first = Ezra

| author-link = Ezra Booth

| title = Mormonism—No. II (Letter to the editor)

| journal = The Ohio Star

| volume = 2

| issue = 42

| date = October 20, 1831

| pages = 1

| url = http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/OH/miscohio.htm#102031

}}.

• {{Citation

|last=Brown

|first=Lisle G.

|year=1979

|title=The Sacred Departments for Temple Work in Nauvoo: The Assembly Room and Council Chamber

|journal=BYU Studies

|volume=19

|issue=3

|pages=361–374

|url=https://byustudies.byu.edu/content/sacred-departments-temple-work-nauvoo-assembly-room-and-council-chamber

|url-status=dead

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313033855/https://byustudies.byu.edu/showtitle.aspx?title=5380

|archive-date=2014-03-13

}}.

• {{Citation

| last = Brown

| first = Lisle G.

| year = 2006

| title = Nauvoo Sealings, Adoptions, and Anointings, A Comprehensive Register of Persons Receiving LDS Temple Ordinances, 1841-1845

| publisher = Signature Books

| place = Salt Lake City

| isbn = 1-56085-198-8

| lccn = 2005049999

| oclc = 60835589

}}.

• {{Citation

| last=Buerger

| first=David John

| title=The Development of the Mormon Temple Endowment Ceremony

| journal=Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought

| volume=20

| issue=4

| pages=33–76

| year=1987

| url=https://www.dialoguejournal.com/wp-content/uploads/sbi/articles/Dialogue_V34N0102_87.pdf

}}.

• {{Citation

| last=Buerger

| first=David John

| title=The Mysteries of Godliness: A History of Mormon Temple Worship

| edition=2nd

| place=Salt Lake City

| publisher=Signature Books

| year=2002

| isbn=1-56085-176-7

}}.

• {{Citation

| last1=Canon

| first1=Donald Q.

| last2=Cook

| first2=Lyndon

| year=1983

| title=Far West Record

| publisher=Deseret Book

| place=Salt Lake City

| isbn=0-87747-901-1

}}.

• {{Citation

| last = Corrill

| first = John

| year = 1839

| title = Brief History of the Church of Christ of Latter Day Saints (commonly called Mormons) including an Account of their Doctrines and Discipline, with Reasons of the Author for leaving the Church

| publisher = John Corrill

| place = St. Louis, Missouri

| lccn = 87209092

| oclc = 18071277

| url = https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofch00tayl

}}.

• Ehat, Andrew (1982). "Joseph Smith's Introduction of Temple Ordinances and the 1844 Mormon Succession Crisis", Thesis, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
• [http://library.lds.org/nxt/gateway.dll/Curriculum/optional%20courses.htm/endowed%20from%20on%20high%20temple%20preparation%20seminar.htm?f=templates$fn=document-frame.htm$3.0$q=$x= Endowed from on High: Temple Preparation Seminar; Teacher's Manual], (2003). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Salt Lake City, Utah. †
• {{Citation

|last = Homer

|first = Michael W.

|year = 1994

|title = Similarity of Priesthood in Masonry: The Relationship between Freemasonry and Mormonism.

|journal = Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought

|volume = 27

|issue = 3

|pages = 1–113

|url = http://content.lib.utah.edu/u?/dialogue,16999

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110613164218/http://content.lib.utah.edu/u/?%2Fdialogue%2C16999

|archive-date = 2011-06-13

}}.

• {{Citation

| editor-last = McMillan

| editor-first = Henry G.

| title = The Inside of Mormonism: A Judicial Examination of the Endowment Oaths Administered in All the Mormon Temples, by the United States District Court for the Third Judicial District of Utah, to Determine Whether Membership in the Mormon Church Is Consistent with Citizenship in the United States

| year = 1903

| place = Salt Lake City

| publisher = The Utah Americans

| lccn = unk84033965

| oclc = 60734167

| url = https://archive.org/details/insidemormonism00distgoog

}}.

• {{Citation

| last = Morgan

| first = William

| author-link = William Morgan (anti-Mason)

| title = Illustrations of Masonry by One of the Fraternity Who has devoted Thirty Years to the Subject: "God said, Let there be Light, and there was light"

| publisher = David C. Miller

| place = Batavia, N.Y.

| year = 1826

| lccn = 01005502

| oclc = 22186577

| url = https://archive.org/details/illustrationsofm00morg

}}.

• Packer, Boyd K. (1980). The Holy Temple. Bookcraft Publishers, Salt Lake City, Utah. {{ISBN|0-88494-411-5}}.
• Packer, Boyd K. (2002). [https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/preparing-to-enter-the-holy-temple/preparing-to-enter-the-holy-temple?lang=eng Preparing to Enter the Holy Temple.] The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, UT. † Note: This pamphlet is adapted from Packer's The Holy Temple.
• {{Citation

| editor-last = Phelps

| editor-first = W.W.

| editor-link = W. W. Phelps (Mormon)

| title = A Book of Commandments, for the Government of the Church of Christ

| place = Zion

| publisher = William Wines Phelps & Co.

| year = 1833

| lccn = 08025600

| oclc = 29133525

| url = http://josephsmithpapers.org/paperSummary/book-of-commandments-1833?locale=eng&p=1

}}. See also: Book of Commandments

• {{cite book |last=Prince |first=Gregory A. |date=1995 |title=Power From On High: The Development of Mormon Priesthood |publisher=Signature Books |location=Salt Lake City |isbn=1-56085-071-X}}. [https://web.archive.org/web/20030328121538/http://www.signaturebooks.com/excerpts/power.htm excerpt]
• {{Citation

| editor-last=Roberts

| editor-first=B. H.

| editor-link=B. H. Roberts

| title=History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

| volume=1

| publisher=Deseret News

| place=Salt Lake City

| year=1902

| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EylEIEiOmZAC

}}.

• Smith, Joseph, et al. (February 1, 1832 - November 1, 1834) Kirtland Revelation Book, LDS Church Archives, Salt Lake City, Utah. [http://josephsmithpapers.org/paperSummary/revelation-book-2?p=1 Digital reprint] by the Joseph Smith Papers Project
• {{Citation

| last=Smith

| first=Joseph Jr.

| title=History of the Church

|date=April 1838}}, copied to {{Citation

| last1=Smith

| first1=Joseph Jr.

| author1-link=Joseph Smith Jr.

| last2=Mulholland

| first2=James

| last3=Thompson

| first3=Robert B.

| last4=Phelps

| first4=William W.

| author4-link=W. W. Phelps (Mormon)

| last5=Richards

| first5=Willard

| author5-link=Willard Richards

| year=1839–1843

| chapter=History of the Church, Ms. A–1

| editor-last=Jessee

| editor-first=Dean C.

| editor-link=Dean C. Jessee

| title = Personal Writings of Joseph Smith

| publisher = Deseret Book

| location=Salt Lake City

| publication-date = 2002

| isbn=1-57345-787-6

| chapter-url = http://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Church/A-1&oldid=399581

}}.

• {{Citation

| last = Talmage

| first = James E.

| author-link = James E. Talmage

| title = The House of the Lord: A Study of Holy Sanctuaries, Ancient and Modern

| year = 1912

| place = Salt Lake City

| publisher = Deseret News

| lccn = 12023144

| oclc = 6391058

| url = https://archive.org/details/houseoflordstudy00talm

}}. See also: The House of the Lord

• {{Citation

| last1 = Tanner

| first1 = Jerald and Sandra

| author-link = Jerald and Sandra Tanner

| title = Evolution of the Mormon Temple Ceremony: 1842-1990

| place = Salt Lake City

| publisher = Utah Lighthouse Ministry

| year = 1990

| oclc = 22686324

| url = http://www.utlm.org/booklist/titles/evolutionmormontempleceremony_ub005.htm

}}.

• {{Citation

| author=United States Senate

| editor1-last=Burrows

| editor1-first=Julius Caesar

| editor1-link=Julius C. Burrows

| editor2-last=Foraker

| editor2-first=Joseph Benson

| title=Proceedings Before the Committee on Privileges and Elections of the United States Senate in the Matter of the Protests Against the Right of Hon. Reed Smoot, a Senator from the State of Utah, to Hold His Seat

| volume=1

| year=1904

| place=Washington

| publisher=Government Printing Office

| url=https://archive.org/details/proceedingsbefor01unitrich

| editor2-link=Joseph B. Foraker

}}.

• Widstoe, John (1954). Discourses of Brigham Young, Deseret Book, Salt Lake City, Utah.
• Widstoe, John (1960). Evidences and Reconciliations, Bookcraft, Salt Lake City, Utah.

{{Refend}}

:† The materials published by the LDS Church directly may only be available from the church's distribution center.

Category:Latter Day Saint temple practices

es:Investidura (SUD)

fi:Endaumentti