Energy Reorganization Act of 1974

{{More footnotes needed|date=December 2024}}{{Infobox U.S. legislation

| shorttitle = Energy Reorganization Act of 1974

| othershorttitles =

| longtitle = An Act to reorganize and consolidate certain functions of the Federal Government in a new Energy Research and Development Administration and in a new Nuclear Regulatory Commission in order to promote more efficient management of such functions.

| colloquialacronym =

| nickname = Energy Research Reorganization Act

| enacted by = 93rd

| effective date = October 11, 1974

| public law url = http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-88/pdf/STATUTE-88-Pg1233.pdf

| cite public law = 93-438

| cite statutes at large = {{usstat|88|1233}}

| acts amended =

| acts repealed =

| title amended = 42 U.S.C.: Public Health and Social Welfare

| sections created = {{Usc-title-chap|42|73}} § 5801 et seq.

| sections amended =

| leghisturl = http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d093:HR11510:@@@R

| introducedin = House

| introducedbill = {{USBill|93|H.R.|11510}}

| introducedby = Chester E. Holifield (D–CA)

| introduceddate = November 15, 1973

| committees = House Government Operations, Senate Government Operations

| passedbody1 = House

| passeddate1 = December 19, 1973

| passedvote1 = [http://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/93-1973/h525 355-25]

| passedbody2 = Senate

| passedas2 =

| passeddate2 = August 15, 1974

| passedvote2 = passed, in lieu of {{USBill|93|S.|2744}}

| conferencedate = October 8, 1974

| passedbody3 = House

| passeddate3 = October 9, 1974

| passedvote3 = [http://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/93-1974/h976 372-1]

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| agreedvote4 =

| passedbody4 = Senate

| passeddate4 = October 10, 1974

| passedvote4 = agreed

| signedpresident = Gerald R. Ford

| signeddate = October 11, 1974

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The Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 ({{USStatute|93|438|88|1233|1974|10|11}}, codified at 42 U.S.C.A. § 5801) is a United States federal law that established the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, a single agency, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, had responsibility for the development and production of nuclear weapons and for both the development and the safety regulation of the civilian uses of nuclear materials. The Act of 1974 split these functions, assigning to the Energy Research and Development Administration (now the United States Department of Energy) the responsibility for the development and production of nuclear weapons, promotion of nuclear power, and other energy-related work, and assigning to the NRC the regulatory work, which does not include regulation of defense nuclear facilities. The Act of 1974 gave the Commission its collegial structure and established its major offices.

A later amendment to the Act also provided protections for employees, and whistleblowers, who raise nuclear safety concerns. Whistleblowers who believe they suffered retaliation for their protected activities have to file a written complaint with the United States Department of Labor (DOL) within 180 days of the first notice of the adverse action. The whistleblowers would later have a choice to have their claim heard by a DOL administrative law judge or to file a lawsuit in court and seek a trial to a judge or jury.