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Energy in Europe

{{See also|Energy policy of the European Union}}

{{update|date=March 2024}}

Energy in Europe includes energy, including electricity, production, consumption and import in Europe.

Primary energy consumption across European countries, highlights diverse energy use patterns. Countries show fluctuations in consumption, reflecting changes in energy demand and policy. Germany and the Russian Federation are among the highest consumers, smaller economies like Lithuania and Turkmenistan have markedly lower consumption levels. Per person energy use in Europe varies significantly, with smaller nations like Iceland, showing high consumption rates per million people, indicating the diverse energy use and economic activities across the continent. Europe has significant reliance on oil, a major energy source predominantly used for transportation and heating, with most European countries importing most of their oil needs due to limited domestic production.

There has been an increase in renewable energy, with plans to increase wind power capacity. The European Commission's "REPowerEU" plan underscores a commitment to renewables. There is an ongoing transition towards more sustainable energy systems in Europe.

Primary energy consumption by country

{{see|List of countries by energy consumption and production}}

Primary energy consumption for selected European and Eurasian countries in million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) from 2010 to 2015, according to BP, is listed below.{{cite web|title=Statistical Review of World Energy {{!}} Energy economics {{!}} BP Global|url=http://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html|website=bp.com|publisher=BP|access-date=28 July 2016}}

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"

! Country

! 2010

! 2011

! 2012

! 2013

! 2014

! 2015

Austria35.933.835.435.133.934.1
Azerbaijan10.711.912.312.613.213.7
Belarus25.925.927.924.724.923.6
Belgium66.061.358.660.055.956.5
Bulgaria17.819.118.116.717.918.9
Czech Republic42.842.141.740.940.139.6
Denmark19.518.517.118.017.516.9
Finland30.928.627.627.226.325.9
France253.2244.5244.7247.4237.5239.0
Germany323.7312.3316.7325.8311.9320.6
Greece31.530.729.327.926.326.3
Hungary24.923.221.720.520.521.5
Ireland15.214.114.013.713.714.6
Italy172.2168.4162.2155.7146.8151.7
Kazakhstan48.555.057.557.457.754.8
Lithuania5.65.85.85.45.25.3
Netherlands96.191.588.486.481.181.6
Norway41.943.047.845.046.447.1
Poland98.298.795.796.092.495.0
Portugal25.624.522.424.524.624.1
Romania33.834.734.031.532.533.1
Russian Federation673.3694.9695.3688.0689.8666.8
Slovakia17.416.816.216.815.515.8
Spain146.2143.1142.4134.2132.1134.4
Sweden52.151.554.751.451.753.0
Switzerland28.727.228.829.728.427.9
Turkey111.0115.0120.2117.6122.8131.3
Turkmenistan25.927.029.726.831.337.3
Ukraine121.0125.7122.6114.7101.085.1
United Kingdom210.5198.8201.9201.4188.9191.2
Uzbekistan43.849.749.248.750.351.6
Other Europe & Eurasia98.696.994.496.194.196.0
Total Europe & Eurasia2948.52934.22934.32898.02832.32834.4

= Primary energy consumption per capita (2008) =

{{update|date=March 2024}}

The European primary energy use per capita (TWh per million people) in 2008 is listed below.

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"

|+ Primary energy consumption in Europe (2008)[http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2010/key_stats_2010.pdf IEA Key energy statistics 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011091637/http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2010/key_stats_2010.pdf |date=2010-10-11 }} Page: Country-specific indicator numbers from page 48

Rank

! country

! TWh

! population (million)

! TWh per million people

1align="left" | Russia7,987141.7956
2align="left" | Germany3,89982.1247
3align="left" | France3,09964.1248
4align="left" | United Kingdom2,42461.3540
5align="left" | Italy2,04759.8934
6align="left" | Spain1,61445.5935
7align="left" | Ukraine1,58346.2634
8align="left" | Turkey1,14671.0816
9align="left" | Poland1,13838.1230
10align="left" | Netherlands92716.4456
11align="left" | Kazakhstan82515.6853
12align="left" | Belgium68110.7164
13align="left" | Sweden5779.2662
14align="left" | Czech Republic51910.4350
15align="left" | Romania45821.5121
16align="left" | Finland4105.3177
17align="left" | Austria3878.3446
18align="left" | Greece35411.2431
19align="left" | Norway3454.7772
20align="left" | Belarus3279.6834
21align="left" | Switzerland3117.7140
22align="left" | Portugal28110.6226
23align="left" | Bulgaria 2307.6230
24align="left" | Denmark2215.4940
25align="left" | Ireland1744.4439
26align="left" | Azerbaijan1558.6818
27align="left" | Croatia1064.4324
28align="left" | Estonia631.3447
29align="left" | Iceland610.32191
30align="left" | Luxembourg480.4998
31align="left" | Moldova373.6310
32align="left" | Armenia353.0811
33align="left" | Cyprus300.8038
34align="left" | Malta100.4123

Mtoe = 11.63 TWh primary energy, includes energy losses

Oil

File:Oileu.png

Oil is one of the largest primary energy sources in Europe. It is mostly used for transportation and heating.

Oil production is relatively low in Europe, with significant production only in the North Sea. Most of Europe's oil comes from imports (about 90% for the EU28).

Fossil gas

Fossil gas tends to be supplied from north and south.{{Cite web |title=Between the Baltic and the Balkans, the new geopolitics of gas |url=https://www.robert-schuman.eu/en/european-issues/775-between-the-baltic-and-the-balkans-the-new-geopolitics-of-gas |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=www.robert-schuman.eu |language=fr}}

Electricity

= Renewable energy =

{{update|date=March 2024}}

The twelve newer EU Member States in Central and Eastern Europe planned to increase wind power capacity from the 6.4 gigawatts installed at the end of 2012 to 16 gigawatts by 2020.[http://www.ewea.org/press-releases/detail/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=2022&cHash=8038d5b6fd3f880c51b099ae3f4e5f54 Wind power for 9 million households in Eastern Europe by 2020][http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/files/library/publications/reports/Eastern_Winds_emerging_markets.pdf Eastern winds, Emerging European wind power markets]

If renewable electricity production in the EU continued to grow at the same rate as it did from 2005 to 2010, it would account for 36.4% of electricity in 2020 and 51.6% in 2030, following:{{cite news |title=Electric Rates Podcast |url=https://electricrates.com/podcast/}}[http://www.ewea.org/index.php?id=60&no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1928&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=259&cHash=5b6ef5175da4b4475793f542a20f3a80 EU met its 2010 Renewable electricity target – ambitious 2030 target needed] EWEA 12 January 2012

class="wikitable"

! colspan="8" align="center" style="background-color: #cfb;" | Renewable energy as a percentage of total electricity

style="background-color: #cfb;" | 2005

! style="background-color: #cfb;" | 2006

! style="background-color: #cfb;" | 2007

! style="background-color: #cfb;" | 2008

! style="background-color: #cfb;" | 2009

! style="background-color: #cfb;" | 2010

! style="background-color: #cfb;" | 2020

! style="background-color: #cfb;" | 2030

----

| align="right" | 13.6

align="right"| 14.2align="right"| 15align="right"| 16.4align="right"| 18.2align="right"| 21align="right"| 36align="right"| 52

In March 2022, the European Commission released its comprehensive "REPowerEU" plan to promote renewable energy in Europe.{{cite book | author = European Commission | title = REPowerEU: Joint European action for more affordable, secure and sustainable energy — COM(2022) 108 final | date = 8 March 2022 | publisher = European Commission | location = Strasbourg, France | url = https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:71767319-9f0a-11ec-83e1-01aa75ed71a1.0001.02/DOC_1&format=PDF | access-date = 2022-07-10}} Three annexes also available.{{cite book | author = European Commission | title = REPowerEU Plan — COM(2022) 230 final | date = 8 March 2022 | publisher = European Commission | location = Brussels, Belgium | url = https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:fc930f14-d7ae-11ec-a95f-01aa75ed71a1.0001.02/DOC_1&format=PDF | access-date = 2022-07-10}} Three annexes also available.

= Generation and consumption =

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"

|+2021 Electricity in Europe – Generation and Consumption (GWh){{cite web |title=Electricity |publisher=U.S. Energy Information Administration |url=https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world/electricity/electricity-exports?pd=2&p=0000002000002000020007vo70400fvu2&u=1&f=A&v=mapbubble&a=-&i=none&vo=value&&t=G&g=000000000000008&l=71-0028g000017kg6940080a44000e02000g00004g8001o&s=1609459200000&e=1609459200000&ev=false}}

!rowspan=3|Country

colspan=11|Generationrowspan=3|Consumptionrowspan=3|Importsrowspan=3|Exportsrowspan=3|Distribution losses
rowspan=2|Total ||rowspan=2| Nuclear || rowspan=2|Fossil fuels || colspan=7|Renewable || rowspan=2|Hydro-
electric
pumped storage
Total || Hydro-
electricity || Geo-
thermal || Tide and wave || Solar || Wind || Biomass
and waste
style="text-align:left;"|European Union2,753,320696,3411,002,1881,064,830343,4366,177503163,321383,203168,191-10,0392,585,288399,051391,828175,256
style="text-align:left;"|Austria64,227013,75252,13538,751002,7226,4604,202-1,66068,53426,43618,8933,236
style="text-align:left;"|Belgium94,86447,89224,52122,749393005,56811,6925,096-29883,41315,19423,0703,574
style="text-align:left;"|Bulgaria41,52916,48716,9358,3274,819001,4971,421590-22030,3211,85710,6352
style="text-align:left;"|Croatia14,60304,24310,4217,1287501492,0581,012-6015,932117,5452
style="text-align:left;"|Cyprus4,87804,1007770004772445704,659000
style="text-align:left;"|Czechia76,64129,04237,83110,1302,409002,1845944,943-36261,91515,15326,2283,651
style="text-align:left;"|Denmark32,79307,16925,62416001,27816,0348,295038,18319,44512,9791,076
style="text-align:left;"|Estonia6,65303,4983,15525003057412,08408,8427,3334,704440
style="text-align:left;"|Finland69,65322,6309,53437,48915,766003058,18613,232083,72523,9996,7133,215
style="text-align:left;"|France530,418360,70448,048123,21058,85713348415,09536,90811,733-1,543447,44724,53269,36938,134
style="text-align:left;"|Germany557,14465,441260,790233,00019,252249049,992113,62449,883-2,087511,66051,33670,23726,582
style="text-align:left;"|Greece52,474030,83921,6605,909005,10610,471174-2552,1407,5833,8984,020
style="text-align:left;"|Hungary34,19115,11012,0936,9882021203,8966452,233043,91419,9677,2133,031
style="text-align:left;"|Ireland33,596022,34611,47275000799,712930-22232,6452,3098632,397
style="text-align:left;"|Italy274,1790159,842115,19244,7395,530025,03920,68719,198-856299,92246,5643,77017,051
style="text-align:left;"|Latvia5,53801,9583,5812,68900713774806,9174,6672,895394
style="text-align:left;"|Lithuania3,70401,3412,624384001911,354695-26111,82212,4793,435926
style="text-align:left;"|Luxembourg92102611,04410700223335379-3846,4966,7581,037147
style="text-align:left;"|Malta2,11201,8482640002561702,495547360
style="text-align:left;"|Netherlands117,4403,61874,90138,921840012,65518,0048,1770113,27820,88520,6324,414
style="text-align:left;"|Poland166,5570136,02130,8982,339003,83116,1818,547-363158,19415,10014,2129,250
style="text-align:left;"|Portugal47,469016,74531,14611,84617802,19213,0553,874-42247,7439,5454,7924,480
style="text-align:left;"|Romania55,01910,37718,54726,19517,377001,7036,508608-10050,5278,6976,4997
style="text-align:left;"|Slovakia27,19414,5906,0106,7024,1700067261,854-10826,10313,88613,0981,879
style="text-align:left;"|Slovenia14,8525,4194,1145,4194,712004536248-10013,7278,3878,658854
style="text-align:left;"|Spain259,40454,04083,365122,94429,62601925,93860,8336,528-946233,97717,38816,50626,309
style="text-align:left;"|Sweden165,26750,9921,534112,76271,086001,50727,30612,863-21130,7568,34133,9108,942

See also

References

{{reflist}}

{{Europe topic|Energy in}}

{{Europe topic|Energy policy of}}

{{Europe topic|Electricity sector in}}

{{Europe topic|Renewable energy in}}