Energy in Portugal
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File:Portugal electricity production.svg
Energy in Portugal describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Portugal. Energy policy of Portugal will describe the politics of Portugal related to energy more in detail. Electricity sector in Portugal is the main article of electricity in Portugal.
In 2000, 85% of energy was imported, while in 2021 the last coal fired power station closed and renewable energy was expanded to fill the gap. In 2023 Portugal was responsible for around 1% of the total global greenhouse gas emissions. Portugal's aim by 2030 is to cover 80% of its electricity consumption with renewable sources. Portugal has committed to carbon neutrality and net zero by 2050.{{Cite web |title=Portugal Climate Change Data {{!}} Emissions and Policies |url=https://www.climatewatchdata.org/countries/PRT?end_year=2021&start_year=1990 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=www.climatewatchdata.org}}
Energy statistics
| +2020 energy statistics{{cite web |title=Energy consumption in Portugal |url=https://www.worlddata.info/europe/portugal/energy-consumption.php |date=2020}}
| {|class=wikitable |+Production capacities for electricity !Type!!Amount | |
| Fossil fuel | 76.40 |
| Hydro | 51.92 |
| Wind power | 45.65 |
| Biomass | 15.08 |
| Solar | 6.27 |
| Geothermal | 0.78 |
| Total | 196.10 |
|---|
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| class=wikitable
|+Electricity !Category!!Amount | |
| Consumption | 48.41 |
| Production | 52.22 |
| Import | 7.55 |
| Export | 6.10 |
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| class=wikitable
|+Natural Gas |Consumption | 5.94 |
| Import | 6.09 |
|width=15em|
|valign=top|
| class=wikitable
|+Crude Oil |Consumption | 90,920,000 |
| Production | 2,920,000 |
| Import | 93,220,000 |
CO2 emissions:
38.97 million tons
|}
Energy plans
Portugal aims to be climate neutral by 2050 and to cover 80% of its electricity consumption with renewables by 2030.{{cite web|title=Photovoltaikmarkt in Portugal wächst rasant|url=https://www.erneuerbareenergien.de/photovoltaikmarkt-in-portugal-waechst-rasant|access-date=14 April 2021|publisher=Erneuerbare Energien|date=26 July 2019}} Portugal has also developed a hydrogen strategy to decrease natural gas imports and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2030.
Greenhouse gas emissions
{{Excerpt|Climate of Portugal|Climate change|paragraphs=2}}
Energy sources
= Fossil fuels =
== Coal ==
Sines power plant (hard coal) started operation in 1985–1989 in Portugal. According to WWF its {{CO2}} emissions were among the top dirty ones in Portugal in 2007.Dirty Thirty WWF 2007 That coal power plant went offline in January 2021, with the one remaining coal power plant in the country, closing at 7h15 on the 19th of November 2021.{{Cite web|date=2021-01-15|title=EDP shutters Sines power plant in Portugal, country to be coal-free by November|url=http://ieefa.org/edp-shutters-sines-power-plant-in-portugal-country-to-be-coal-free-by-november/|access-date=2021-05-22|website=Institute for Energy Economics & Financial Analysis|language=en-US}}
== Natural gas ==
Maghreb–Europe Gas Pipeline (MEG) is a natural gas pipeline, from Algeria through Morocco to Andalusia, Spain.
Portugal has the Sines LNG import terminal to facilitate gas imports. There are three LNG storage tanks with a total capacity of 390,000 cbm and a regasification capacity of 5.6 mtpa.{{cite web |title=Portugal’s Sines LNG import terminal hits delivery record in 2022 |url=https://lngprime.com/europe/portugals-sines-lng-import-terminal-hits-delivery-record-in-2022/70927/ |date=16 January 2023}} In 2021 Portugal imported 2.8 billion cubic meters of LNG from Nigeria, being almost 50% of the country's gas imports for the year.{{cite web |title=Portugal says could face shortage if Nigeria does not deliver all LNG due |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/portugal-says-could-face-shortage-if-nigeria-does-not-deliver-all-lng-due-2022-09-19/#:~:text=Portugal%20last%20year%20imported%202.8,for%20just%202%25%20last%20year. |date=19 September 2022}}
=Renewable energy=
File:Portugal renewable electricity production.svg
| class=wikitable
|+Years in which the last three renewable power levels achieved | |||||
| Achievement | Year | Achievement | Year | Achievement | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20% | 2006 | 25% | 2010 | 30% | 2020 |
Renewable energy includes wind, solar, biomass and geothermal energy sources.
Energy from renewable sources has been increasing in Portugal since 2000 and has been given a boost with the 2030 renewable energy target.
== Solar power ==
{{main|Solar power in Portugal}}
Portugal has supported and increased the solar electricity (Photovoltaic power) and solar thermal energy (solar heating) during 2006–2010. Portugal was 9th in solar heating in the EU and 8th in solar power based on total volume in 2010.
The largest solar farm in Europe is being built in Santiago do Cacém near Sines, creating up to 2,500 jobs, mostly local, it will be completed in 2025 and have a generating capacity of 1.2 GW.{{cite web |title=Europe’s largest solar power project is underway in Portugal |url=https://balkangreenenergynews.com/europes-largest-solar-power-project-is-underway-in-portugal/ |date=6 February 2023}}
== Wind power ==
{{main|Wind power in Portugal}}
Wind energy capacity in Portugal is over 5,000 MW from onshore wind farms. In 2023, plans for the first floating offshore wind farm were announced.{{cite web |title=IberBlue Wind announces the first project in Portugal for floating offshore wind farm of 990 MW |url=https://simplybluegroup.com/news/iberblue-wind-announce-first-portuguese-project/ |date=17 February 2023}}
==Biomass==
Biomass provides around 8% of electricity generation capacity.
= Hydro power =
Portugal has also been using water power to generate power for the country. In the 2010s, a local company, Wave Roller installed many devices along the coast to make use of the water power.{{Cite web|url=https://aw-energy.com/news/portugal-takes-a-step-closer-to-commercial-wave-energy/|title = Portugal takes a step closer to commercial wave energy – AW-Energy Oy}}
In 2021, 36% of Portugal’s total installed power generation capacity and 23% of total power generation came from hydro power.{{cite web |title=Hydropower capacity in Portugal and major projects |url=https://www.power-technology.com/data-insights/hydropower-in-portugal/ |date=20 June 2023}}
Drought can seriously reduce hydro energy generation in the summer months.
=Nuclear power=
{{main|Nuclear energy in Portugal}}
Portugal does not produce any electricity from nuclear sources.{{cite web |title=IAEA Mission Says Portugal Committed to the Safe Management of Radioactive Waste, Sees Areas for Improvement |url=https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/iaea-mission-says-portugal-committed-to-the-safe-management-of-radioactive-waste-sees-areas-for-improvement |date=26 May 2023}}
Transport
The sustainable strategy has been a shift from individual to collective transport within the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (Metro Lisbon (ML), collective buses, Companhia Carris de ferro de Lisboa).
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Portugal topics}}
{{Europe topic|Energy in}}
{{Europe topic|Energy policy of}}
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