Enfield poltergeist

In August 1977, single mother Peggy Hodgson called the Metropolitan Police to her rented home at 284 Green Street in Enfield, London, saying she had witnessed furniture moving and that two of her four children had heard knocking sounds on the walls. The children included Janet, aged 11, and Margaret, aged 13. A police constable reported witnessing a chair "wobble and slide" but "could not determine the cause of the movement." Later claims included disembodied voices, loud noises, thrown toys, overturned chairs, and children levitating.

Over a period of 18 months, more than 30 people, including the Hodgsons' neighbours, paranormal investigators and journalists, said they variously saw heavy furniture moving of its own accord, objects being thrown across a room and the sisters seeming to levitate several feet off the ground. Many also heard and recorded knocking noises and a gruff voice. The story was regularly covered in the Daily Mirror newspaper until reports came to an end in 1979.{{cite book|title=The Science of Ghosts: Searching for Spirits of the Dead|first=Joe|last=Nickell|date=3 July 2012|publisher=Prometheus Books|isbn=978-1616145859}}

Society for Psychical Research (SPR) members Maurice Grosse and Guy Lyon Playfair reported: "curious whistling and barking noises coming from Janet's general direction." Although Playfair maintained the paranormal activity was genuine and wrote in his later book This House Is Haunted: The True Story of a Poltergeist (1980) that an "entity" was to blame for the Enfield disturbances, he often doubted the children's veracity and wondered if they were playing tricks and exaggerating. Still, Grosse and Playfair believed that, even though some of the alleged poltergeist activity was faked by the girls, other incidents were genuine.{{cite book|title=This House is Haunted: The True Story of the Enfield Poltergeist|first=Guy Lyon|last=Playfair|publisher=White Crow Books|date=20 April 2011|isbn=978-1907661785}} Other paranormal investigators who visited the Enfield house included American demonologists Ed and Lorraine Warren, who were convinced that the events had a supernatural explanation. According to Brian Dunning, the Warrens' visit was short: "Ed Warren tried to persuade Playfair that money could be made from this case by writing books and selling movie rights; and then the Warrens left".{{cite web |last1=Newkirk |first1=Greg |title=Conjuring the Truth: Enfield Poltergeist Investigator Says Ed and Lorraine Warren Never Investigated Case |url=https://weekinweird.com/2016/01/07/conjuring-truth-original-enfield-poltergeist-investigator-says-ed-and-lorraine-warren-never-investigated-the-case/ |website=weekinweird.com |publisher=The Week In Weird |access-date=21 May 2024}}{{cite web |last1=Dunning |first1=Brian |title=Conjuring Up the Warrens |url=https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4527 |website=skeptoid.com |publisher=Skeptoid |access-date=21 May 2024}}

Janet was detected in trickery: a video camera in an adjoining room caught her bending spoons and attempting to bend an iron bar.{{cite book|title=The Guinness Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits|first=Rosemary Ellen|last=Guiley|publisher=Guinness World Records|page=109|date=1 April 1994|isbn=978-0851127484}}{{cite book|title=Poltergeists: Examining Mysteries of the Paranormal|first=Michael|last=Clarkson|publisher=Firefly Books|date=4 February 2006|page=135|isbn=978-1554071593|quote=Anita Gregory, of the Society for Psychical Research, who had spent just a short time at the Hodgson home, said the mysterious men's voices were simply the result of Janet and Margaret putting bed sheets to their mouths. In addition Gregory said that a video camera had caught Janet attempting to bend spoons and an iron bar by force and 'practising' levitation by bouncing up and down on her bed.}} Grosse had observed Janet banging a broom handle on the ceiling and hiding his tape recorder. According to Playfair, one of Janet's voices, whom she called Bill, displayed a "habit of suddenly changing the topic—it was a habit Janet also had". When Janet and Margaret admitted

pranking to journalists, Grosse and Playfair compelled the girls to retract their confessions. The two men were mocked by other researchers for being easily duped.{{cite book|title=Mysteries of the Unexplained|first=H. G.|last=Carlson|publisher=McGraw-Hill Contemporary|date=1 November 1994|page=46|isbn=978-0809234974}}

Psychical researcher Renée Haynes noted that doubts were raised about the alleged poltergeist voice at the SPR conference at Cambridge in 1978, where videocassettes from Enfield were examined.{{cite book|title=History of the Society for Psychical Research: 1882-1982|first=Renée|last=Haynes|publisher=Random House/The Book Services|date=16 August 1982|page=112|isbn=978-0356078755}} SPR investigator Anita Gregory stated the Enfield case had been "overrated", characterising several episodes of the girls' behaviour as "suspicious" and speculated that the girls had "staged" some incidents for the benefit of journalists seeking a sensational story. John Beloff, a former president of the SPR, investigated and suggested Janet was practising ventriloquism. Both Beloff and Gregory came to the conclusion that Janet and Margaret were playing tricks on the investigators.{{harvnb|Clarkson|2006|p=131}}

In the first edition of the BBC series Hauntings, broadcast on 13 October 2024, it was revealed that the unexplained voice of "Bill Wilkins" was later played on an LBC radio talk show, featuring Maurice Grosse. A listener to the show identified the voice as that of his father, William Charles Wilkins, who had lived at the house, had gone blind, had suffered a haemorrhage and had died in a chair downstairs, on 20 June 1963.{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/m002389b/hauntings-series-1-1-the-enfield-poltergeist|title=Hauntings - Series 1: 1. The Enfield Poltergeist|via=www.bbc.co.uk}}

Milbourne Christopher, an American stage magician, briefly investigated the Enfield occurrences and failed to observe anything that could be called paranormal. He was dismayed by what he felt was suspicious activity on the part of Janet, later concluding that "the poltergeist was nothing more than the antics of a little girl who wanted to cause trouble and who was very, very clever." Ventriloquist Ray Alan visited the house and concluded that Janet's male voices were simply vocal tricks.

Sceptic Joe Nickell of the US-based Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP) examined the findings of paranormal investigators and criticised them for being overly credulous; when a supposedly disembodied demonic voice was heard, Playfair noted that "as always Janet's lips hardly seemed to be moving." He states that a remote-controlled still camera—the photographer was not present in the room with the girls—timed to take a picture every fifteen seconds was shown by investigator Melvin Harris to reveal pranking by the girls. He argues that a photo allegedly depicting Janet levitating actually shows her bouncing off the bed as if it were a trampoline. Harris called the photos examples of common "gymnastics" and said, "It's worth remembering that Janet was a school sports champion!"

Nickell pointed out that a tape-recorder malfunction that Grosse attributed to supernatural activity and SPR president David Fontana described as an occurrence "which appeared to defy the laws of mechanics" was a peculiar threading jam occurring with older model reel to reel tape-recorders.{{cite journal|url=https://skepticalinquirer.org/newsletter/haunted-tape-recorder/|publisher=Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal|journal=Skeptical Briefs|title=The Haunted Tape Recorder|first=Joe|last=Nickell|volume=5|date=1 September 1995|issue=3 |access-date=14 April 2018}} He also said that Ed Warren was "notorious for exaggerating and even making up incidents in such cases, often transforming a 'haunting' case into one of 'demonic possession'."

In 2015 Deborah Hyde commented that there was no solid evidence for the Enfield poltergeist: "The first thing to note is that the occurrences didn't happen under controlled circumstances. People frequently see what they expect to see, their senses being organised and shaped by their prior experiences and beliefs."

Sceptics have argued that the alleged poltergeist voice that originated from Janet was produced by false vocal cords above the larynx and had the phraseology and vocabulary of a child. In a television interview for BBC Scotland, Janet was observed to gain attention by waving her hand and then putting her hand in front of her mouth while a claimed "disembodied" voice was heard. During the interview both girls were asked the question, "How does it feel to be haunted by a poltergeist?" Janet replied, "It's not haunted" and Margaret, in a hushed tone, interrupted, "Shut up". Sceptics have regarded these factors as evidence against the case.

As a "magician experienced in the dynamics of trickery" Nickell examined Playfair's account and contemporary press clippings. He noted that the supposed poltergeist "tended to act only when it was not being watched" and concluded that the incidents were best explained as children's pranks.

Although Grosse made tape recordings of Janet and believed no trickery was involved, the magician Bob Couttie said, "He made some of the recordings available to me and, having listened to them very carefully, I came to the conclusion that there was nothing in what I had heard that was beyond the capabilities of an imaginative teenager." All of the recordings have been catalogued and digitised by the SPR and a book of their content, The Enfield Poltergeist Tapes, was produced by Dr Melvyn Willin in 2019.{{cite book|title=The Enfield Poltergeist Tapes|first=Melvyn|last=Willin|publisher=White Crow Books|date=25 May 2019|isbn=978-1786770738}}

A 2016 article by psychology professor Chris French in Time Out magazine described five reasons why he believed the case to have been a hoax.{{cite web|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/blog/five-reasons-why-londons-most-famous-poltergeist-case-is-a-hoax-061616|work=Time Out|title=Five reasons why London's most famous poltergeist case is a hoax|first=Chris|last=French|author-link=Chris French|date=17 June 2016|access-date=8 October 2023}} His reasons are:

• The two sisters involved admitted to hoaxing some of the activity
• The photo of Janet levitating above her bed could just as easily be explained as Janet jumping
• The "spirit" of an old man who supposedly possessed Janet took a great deal of interest in menstruation{{Explain|date=September 2024}}
• Eyewitnesses are notoriously unreliable
• Other schoolgirl pranks before and after have got out of hand

• On 26 December 1978 BBC Radio 4 broadcast the documentary The Enfield Poltergeist by BBC reporter Rosalind Morris. Morris visited the Hodgson family on numerous occasions to make this documentary.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0641x05|publisher=BBC Radio 4|title=The Enfield Poltergeist (Original TX on BBC R4 on 26/12/1978)|date=13 April 2018|access-date=8 October 2023}}
• In 1992 the BBC aired a controversial mockumentary titled Ghostwatch, written by Stephen Volk and based on the Enfield poltergeist.{{cite book|last=Jagodzinski|first=Jan|title=Youth Fantasies: The Perverse Landscape of the Media|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2004|page=145|isbn=978-1-4039-6164-8}}
• In March 2007 Channel 4 aired a documentary about the Enfield poltergeist titled Interview with a Poltergeist.{{cn|date=September 2020}}
• The Enfield poltergeist has been featured in episodes of ITV series Strange but True? and Extreme Ghost Stories.
• The Enfield poltergeist was the subject of the 2015 Sky Living television series The Enfield Haunting, which was broadcast from 4–17 May 2015.{{cn|date=September 2020}}
• The 2016 film The Conjuring 2 is based on Ed and Lorraine Warren's investigation of the case.{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/the-conjuring-2--the-enfield-poltergeist/haunting-ed-lorraine-warren-true-story/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805071952/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/the-conjuring-2--the-enfield-poltergeist/haunting-ed-lorraine-warren-true-story/|archive-date=5 August 2017|work=The Daily Telegraph|title=What did the Enfield Haunting have to do with Ed and Lorraine Warren?|first=Rebecca|last=Hawkes|date=12 May 2015}}
• In 2018 the BBC Radio 4 programme The Reunion, presented by Sue MacGregor, revisited the case, with interviews with witnesses Morris, Richard Grosse and Graham Morris.
• In 2023 a play titled The Enfield Haunting was announced, starring Catherine Tate, to be premiered at Theatre Royal, Brighton and Richmond Theatre before moving to the Ambassadors Theatre in London from 30 November 2023 to 2 March 2024.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-66192622/|work=BBC News|title=Catherine Tate to star in Enfield poltergeist West End show|date=14 July 2023|access-date=8 October 2023}}
• On 27 October 2023 Apple TV debuted "The Enfield Poltergeist" miniseries, filming the documentary in a recreated set of the allegedly haunted house at 284 Green Street, utilising actors lipsyncing to original tape recordings, archival video footage and modern-day interviews with living witnesses of the events.

{{Reflist}}

• [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15524459 BBC Radio 5 Live interview with photographer Graham Morris]
• [https://ghostwatch.com/paranormal-report/poltergeist-activity/england/the-enfield-poltergeist/ The Enfield Poltergeist Case - Ghostwatch]
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_OWgImgIRic The Original Enfield Poltergeist Recordings]

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Category:Enfield, London

Category:1977 hoaxes

Category:1977 in London

Category:1978 in London

Category:1979 in London

Category:August 1977 in the United Kingdom

Category:English ghosts

Category:History of the London Borough of Enfield

Category:Paranormal hoaxes

Category:Poltergeists

Category:Ed and Lorraine Warren

Category:Hoaxes in England