Engerth locomotive

File:Wilhelm von Engerth.jpgWilhelm von Engerth was born in Pless, Upper Silesia (Now Pszczyna, Poland) on 26 May 1814, the brother of the artist Edouard von Engerth. Initially, he studied architecture, but in 1834 he took up mechanical engineering as a profession. By the late 1850s he was the General Manager of the Imperial Austrian State Railways. Von Engerth was created a Baron (Freiherr) in 1875, and he died on 4 September 1884 in Leesdorf.Translated from the German article

Von Engerth first patented his design for an articulated locomotive on 11 December 1852.{{Cite web| url = http://www.wefer.com/w5/pv/kengerth.htm| publisher = Wefer| title = LOCOMOTORAS DE VAPOR DEL PV| access-date = 25 March 2008|language=es}}

The Semmering Railway, opened on 17 July 1854, was one of the first true mountain railways, traversing a section of the Austrian Alps. It was characterized by steep gradients and sharp curves. To work this railway a new design of locomotive was developed.

File:Engerth locomotive coin.jpg]]

A competition was held to decide which locomotives would be bought for operation on the Semmering Railway. One stretch of the line had gradients of 1 in 40 (2.5%) and curves with a minimum radius of {{convert|190|m|yd}} and a maximum radius of {{convert|285|m|yd}}. A speed of {{convert|11.5|km/h|mph}} was required to be maintained and a maximum axle loading of 14 tonnes, with a boiler pressure not exceeding 8.5 kgf/cm² (830 kPa). There were four entrants, Bavaria, built by Maffei; Wiener-Neustadt built by Wiener-Neustadt; Seraing built by Société anonyme John Cockerill in Belgium and Vindobona built by the Gloggnitz Bahn in Vienna. All four locomotives met the trial conditions, but none proved reliable in practical use. The Semmering Trials led to a number of developments in locomotive design: Fairlie's Patent of 1863, The Meyer locomotive and the Mallet locomotive.{{Cite web| url = http://home.hetnet.nl/~renefvink/ArticulatedLocomotives/AlPages/Semmering%20contest.htm| publisher = René Vink| title = The Semmering contest, 1851| access-date = 25 March 2008| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://archive.today/20121220190924/http://home.hetnet.nl/~renefvink/ArticulatedLocomotives/AlPages/Semmering%20contest.htm| archive-date = 20 December 2012| df = dmy-all}}

The Engerth design articulated the tender with the main locomotive frame, allowing some of the weight of the fuel and water to be carried on the driving wheels to improve adhesion. Because the tender was articulated, rather than directly attached to the frame, the locomotive could traverse relatively sharp curves, while still enjoying the advantage of the additional adhesive weight gain. The original design also included an indirect drive from the main driving wheels to the wheels under the tender. This arrangement proved too complex to maintain and was dropped from the design.{{Cite book|last=Hamilton Ellis |first=Cuthbert|title=The Pictorial Encyclopedia of Railways |publisher=Hamlyn |isbn=0-600-03075-X |year=1973}}

Sixteen locomotives were supplied to the Semmering Railway between November 1853 and May 1854. They proved capable of {{convert|19|km/h|mph}} uphill on gradients of 1 in 40 (2.5%). An Engerth locomotive was featured on an Austrian stamp commemorating the 150th anniversary of the Semmering Railway in 2004.{{Cite web| url = http://www.stampnews.com/stamps/stamps_2004/stamp_1175629928_721424.html| publisher = Stamp News| title = Series 'Locomotives' - Imperial and Royal Southern State Railway - the Engerth Locomotive| access-date = 25 March 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080720050939/http://www.stampnews.com/stamps/stamps_2004/stamp_1175629928_721424.html| archive-date = 20 July 2008| url-status = dead| df = dmy-all}} The Engerth locomotive also appeared on a 25 Euro coin issued by Austria in 2004.

File:PV Engerth loco 14 1970.jpg

The design proved popular, especially for use in Alpine mountain railways. Engerth locomotives were found with wheel arrangements of {{whyte|0-4-4|T}}, {{whyte|0-4-6|T}}, {{whyte|2-6-4|T}}, {{whyte|0-6-4|T}}, and {{whyte|0-8-6|T}}. As well as in Austria, they were used in Bosnia and Herzegovina, France, Italy, Java, Romania, Spain and Switzerland. Krauss of Munich built ten locomotive for the Ponferrada - Villablino Railway (PV) in Spain. Some narrow gauge {{whyte|2-6-0|T}} locomotives were built for the Elgoibar - San Sebastián Railway. These powerful locomotives were capable of {{convert|60|km/h|mph}} and could traverse curves of {{convert|100|m|yd}} radius. Two of these locomotives were later sold to the PV. Another four locomotives built by MACOSA in Spain were also bought by the PV. Three of the PV locomotives were in service until 1989. Thirteen Engerth locomotives were supplied to the Oraviţa - Bazias Railway in Romania in 1854.{{Cite web| url = http://www.cfr.ro/CFR_new/Eng/istorie.htm| publisher = CFR| title = The history of Romanian Railways| access-date = 25 March 2008| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080403002802/http://www.cfr.ro/CFR_new/Eng/istorie.htm| archive-date = 3 April 2008| df = dmy-all}}

{{redirect|0-6-4-0|two-bogie diesel and electric locos|Co-Bo}}

A variation of the Engerth system was devised by Pius Fink. This entailed having the rear wheels also driven by coupling rods from a crankshaft, thus making the locomotive an 0-6-4-0T. One locomotive was built by the Staatseisenbahn Gesellschaft, Vienna in 1861 carried No. 500 and was named Steyerdorf. It was used on the Reschitza - Orawicza line. Three more were built, the last in 1867. These included No. 501 Krassova and No. 502 Gerliste. One of these four locomotives survived until 1891, becoming Hungarian State Railways No.4270.{{Cite web| url = http://www.robinbarnes.net/roundthebend_3.html| publisher = Robin Barnes| title = AUSTRIA-HUNGARY 1861 | access-date = 25 March 2008}}{{Cite web| url = http://www.aqpl43.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/LOCOLOCO/fink/fink.htm| publisher = Douglas Self| title = Shaft CounterShaft: The Fink System| access-date = 26 March 2008| archive-date = 18 October 2010| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101018052019/http://www.aqpl43.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/LOCOLOCO/fink/fink.htm| url-status = dead}}

File:Austria narrow gauge mh6.jpgFile:032 TA 312 SNCF ADOUR EX 312 MIDI Mulhouse FRA 001.JPGOne example of the Engerth type is preserved at the Swiss Transport Museum in Lucerne. This locomotive, No.28 Genf an {{whyte|0-4-6|T}} built by Maschinenfabrik Esslingen in 1858 to work the Schweizerische Centraalbahn (Swiss Central Railway). She retired from active service in 1899 and was used as a static boiler at Olten. She is the oldest locomotive in Switzerland.{{Cite web| url = http://www.martynbane.co.uk/2003Trips/Brienzetc/oct042003.htm| publisher = Martyn Bane| title = The Journey Out & 'Verkehrshaus' The Swiss State Transport Museum, Lucerne| access-date = 26 March 2008}}{{Cite web| url = http://www.wymann.info/SwissRailwayZ/Railways_of_Switzerland.html| publisher = Wymann| title = The Railways of Switzerland, How it all started| access-date = 26 March 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080719041455/http://www.wymann.info/SwissRailwayZ/Railways_of_Switzerland.html| archive-date = 19 July 2008| url-status = dead| df = dmy-all}}

Buštěhradská dráha (Buštěhrad Railway) locomotive 103 Kladno:cs:Lokomotiva Kladno is preserved in the National Technical Museum in Prague, Czech Republic.{{Cite web| url = http://www.ntm.cz/en/glossary/steam-locomotive-kladno| publisher = National Technical Museum in Prague| title = Steam locomotive KLADNO| access-date = 25 March 2008}}

All six of the narrow gauge NÖLB Mh or 399 class Engerth locomotives survive in Austria.{{cite web|url=http://www.dampflok.at|title=Austrian Steam Base|work=dampflok.at|access-date=5 April 2015}} These {{TrackGauge|760mm}} gauge {{whyte|0-8+4}} (D2h2t) locomotives were built by Krauss for the Mariazellerbahn in 1906 and 1908. When the Mariazellerbahn was electrified the Niederosterreichische Landesbahn (NOLB) transferred them to their Waldviertler Schmalspurbahnen system at Gmund. When the ÖBB took over in 1922 the locomotives were redesignated the 399 class.

Mh1 / 399.01 (5431/1906) is currently based at Gmünd.

Mh2 / 399.02 (5432/1906).

Mh3 / 399.03 (5433/1906) was sold to the Pinzgauer Lokalbahn. It is currently based at Zell am See.

Mh4 / 399.04 (5434/1906) is based at Gmünd.

Mh5 / 399.05 (5924/1908) is privately owned.http://www.waldviertelbahn.info/wsv/spendenaktion.pdf{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Mh6 / 399.06 (5925/1908) is preserved on the Mariazellerbahn in Austria.{{Cite web| url = http://www.mariazellerbahn.at/en/routeeng1.htm| publisher = Friends of the Mariazellerbahn| title = The Mariazellerbahn| access-date = 25 March 2008| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080612192140/http://www.mariazellerbahn.at/en/routeeng1.htm| archive-date = 12 June 2008| df = dmy-all}}{{Cite web| url = http://www.mariazellerbahn.at/nostalgie/mh6.php| publisher = Friends of the Mariazellerbahn| title = Dampflok Mh.6| access-date = 25 March 2008| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080113031349/http://www.mariazellerbahn.at/nostalgie/mh6.php| archive-date = 13 January 2008| df = dmy-all}}(German)

Chemins de fer du Midi {{whyte|0-6-4|T}} locomotive no.312 L'Adour is preserved at the Musée Français du Chemin de Fer, Mulhouse, France.{{Cite web| url = http://br.peres.free.fr/Album%20photos/Vapeurs/cadre_engerth.htm| publisher = Bruno Pérès| title = La 032 Engerth 312 "L'Adour"| access-date = 25 March 2008}}

The Beer Heights Light Railway has Gem, an Engerth type locomotive on its {{RailGauge|7.25in}} gauge line.{{Cite web|url=http://www.peco-uk.com/Pecorama/BHLR.htm |publisher=Peco |title=Beer Heights Light Railway |access-date=25 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305211300/http://www.peco-uk.com/Pecorama/BHLR.htm |archive-date=5 March 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}

• {{Cite journal

|journal=Transactions of the Newcomen Society

|volume=57

|year=1985–1986

|title=Engerth and similar locomotives

|first=D.R. |last=Carling

|pages=31–58

|doi=10.1179/tns.1985.003

|ref=Carling, Engerth

}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Engerth locomotives}}

• [http://www.webalice.it/alberto.pezzoli81/treni/Storia/CramptonEngerth.htm Photo] and description of Engerth locomotive {{in lang|it}}.
• [http://site.voila.fr/h.trains/galerie_fichiers/frame.htm#slide0022.htm Photo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227161045/http://site.voila.fr/h.trains/galerie_fichiers/frame.htm#slide0022.htm |date=27 December 2008 }} of an Engerth locomotive.
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20071024171406/http://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/cd/reviews.htm Review] of CD with Javan Engerth locomotives mentioned.

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