Enguri Dam

Soviet First Secretary Nikita Khrushchev initially proposed a major dam and hydroelectric power scheme on the Bzyb River as his favourite resort was located near the mouth of the river at Pitsunda. However, his experts informed him that a dam built on the Bzyb River would have catastrophic effects in causing beach erosion at Pitsunda, so in the end the dam was built on the Enguri River instead, where the impact upon the coastline was assessed to be considerably less pronounced.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lb-66oPHwGIC&pg=PA221|title=Reflections on water: new approaches to transboundary conflicts and cooperation|publisher=MIT Press|year=2001|pages=221–2|isbn=0-262-02487-X|last1=Blatter|first1=Joachim|last2=Ingram|first2=Helen M.}}

Construction of the Enguri dam began in 1961. The dam became temporarily operational in 1978, and was completed in 1987. In 1994, engineers from Hydro-Québec inspected the dam and found it to be "in a rare state of dilapidation".{{cite journal

| url = http://bankwatch.org/documents/khudoni_dam_study.pdf

| title = The Khudoni dam: a necessary solution to the Georgian energy crisis?

| author = Manana Kochladze

| author2 = Rezo Getiashvili

| publisher = CEE Bankwatch Network

| year = 2007

| accessdate = 2008-11-08

| archive-date = 2012-02-14

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120214104735/http://bankwatch.org/documents/khudoni_dam_study.pdf

| url-status = dead

}} In 1999, the European Commission granted €9.4 million to Georgia for urgent repairs at the Enguri HES, including replacing the stoplog at the arch dam on the Georgian side and, refurbishing one of the five generators of the power station at the Abkhaz side. In total, €116 million loans were granted by the EBRD, the European Union, the Japanese Government, KfW and the Government of Georgia. In 2011 the European Investment Bank (EIB) loaned €20 million in order to complete the rehabilitation of the Enguri hydropower plant and to ensure safe water evacuation towards the Black Sea at the Vardnili hydropower cascade.[http://www.enpi-info.eu/maineast.php?id_type=1&id=23701&lang_id=450 Hydropower in Georgia receives boost from EIB (ENPI Info Centre)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009161228/http://www.enpi-info.eu/maineast.php?id_type=1&id=23701&lang_id=450 |date=2011-10-09 }}

In the early 1980s, a series of radio relays were built to connect the Enguri Dam with the Khudoni Dam, which was under construction. The relays were in remote territory with no access to electricity, and thus were powered with a series of eight radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs). However, the Hudoni dam's construction was stopped as Georgian independence from the Soviet Union drew near. The stations and their RTGs were abandoned and eventually dismantled. The RTG's became lost at this time. Two were rediscovered in 1998, leading to no injuries. Two more were found in 1999, and again led to no injuries or significant radiation exposure. Two more were rediscovered in 2001, which led to the Lia radiological accident. The other two sources remain unaccounted for.{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/900016880|title=The radiological accident in Lia, Georgia.|date=2014|publisher=International Atomic Energy Agency|isbn=978-92-0-103614-8|location=Vienna|oclc=900016880}}

File:Enguri hydropower plant scheme.jpg

The Enguri hydroelectric power station (HES) is a cascade of hydroelectric facilities including, in addition to the dam - diversion installation of the Enguri HES proper, the near-dam installation of the Perepad HES-1 and three similar channel installations of the Perepad HESs-2, -3, and -4 located on the tailrace emptying into the Black Sea.[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/georgia-2008-2.htm Georgia 2008 Daily Chronology], globalsecurity.org While the arch dam is located on the Georgian controlled territory in Upper Svanetia, the power station is located in the Gali District of breakaway Abkhazia.

{{cite journal

|url = http://www.delgeo.ec.europa.eu/en/programmes/Overview%20EC%20projects%20Enguri%20Hydropower%20plant.doc

|title = Brief overview of EC Rehabilitation projects of the Enguri Hydro-Power Plant – Georgia

|publisher = European Commission Delegation to Georgia and Armenia

|format = DOC

|date = 2006-10-20

|accessdate = 2008-11-08

|url-status = dead

|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070712032529/http://www.delgeo.ec.europa.eu/en/programmes/Overview%20EC%20projects%20Enguri%20Hydropower%20plant.doc

|archivedate = 2007-07-12

}}

Enguri HES has 20 turbines with a nominal capacity of 66 MW each,[http://www.ebrdrenewables.com/sites/renew/Lists/Projects/DispForm.aspx?ID=657&Source=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eebrdrenewables%2Ecom%2Fsites%2Frenew%2Fcountries%2FGeorgia%2Fdefault%2Easpx Enguri Hydro Power Plant] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229151506/http://www.ebrdrenewables.com/sites/renew/Lists/Projects/DispForm.aspx?ID=657&Source=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebrdrenewables.com%2Fsites%2Frenew%2Fcountries%2FGeorgia%2Fdefault.aspx |date=2012-02-29 }} resulting in a total capacity of 1,320 MW. Its average annual capacity is 3.8 TWh, which is approximately 46% of the total electricity supply in Georgia as of 2007.{{cite web |url=http://www.minenergy.gov.ge/index.php?m=349 |title=Ministry of Energy of Georgia |accessdate=2008-09-22 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721030940/http://www.minenergy.gov.ge/index.php?m=349 |archivedate=2011-07-21 }} Ministry of Energy of Georgia According to the 1992 agreement Abkhazia gets 40% and the rest of Georgia gets 60%, however in the late 2010s the Abkhazian consumption increased significantly driven in part by bitcoin mining.{{cite news |last1=Чарквиани |first1=Нестан |title=Тбилиси закупает электроэнергию для покрытия дефицита в Абхазии |url=https://www.golosameriki.com/a/4809596.html |access-date=12 July 2021 |publisher=Voice of America |language=ru}}{{cite news |title=АСЛАН БЖАНИЯ: ТО, ЧТО ЭНЕРГОСИСТЕМА АБХАЗИИ НАХОДИТСЯ В АВАРИЙНОМ СОСТОЯНИИ, НИ ДЛЯ КОГО НЕ ЯВЛЯЕТСЯ СЕКРЕТОМ |url=https://apsnypress.info/ru/item/1467-aslan-bzhaniya-to-chto-energosistema-abkhazii-nakhoditsya-v-avarijnom-sostoyanii-ni-dlya-kogo-ne-yavlyaetsya-sekretom |access-date=12 July 2021 |agency=Apsnypress |date=2020-11-17 |language=ru}}

The facility's arched dam, located at the town of Jvari, was inscribed in the list of cultural heritage of Georgia in 2015.{{cite news|title=Enguri HPP's arched dam granted cultural heritage status|url=http://agenda.ge/news/41067/eng|accessdate=1 January 2016|work=Agenda.ge|date=20 August 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190100/http://agenda.ge/news/41067/eng|url-status=dead}}

{{Portal|Abkhazia|Georgia (country)|Soviet Union|Energy|Water|Renewable energy}}

• List of power stations in Georgia (country)
• Energy in Georgia (country)
• Vardnili Hydroelectric Power Station, connected to the Enguri complex

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Category:Dams completed in 1987

Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Abkhazia

Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Georgia (country)

Category:Hydroelectric power stations built in the Soviet Union

Category:Dams in Georgia (country)

Category:Arch dams