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Enicocephalidae

{{Short description|Family of true bugs}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| name = Unique-headed bugs

| image = HEMI Enicocephalidae Phthirocoris magnus f.png

| image_caption = Phthirocoris magnus female

| taxon = Enicocephalidae

| authority = Stål, 1860

| fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Barremian|Present}}

}}

Enicocephalidae, also called unique-headed bugs and gnat bugs, are a family of around 300 species of the suborder Heteroptera. They are typically {{Convert|4|mm|abbr=on}} long, and found throughout the world. They have an elongated head, constricted in places, hence their head is 'unique'.

File:HEMI Enicocephalidae Systelloderes maclachlani.png]]

They are classified into about 47 genera placed in five subfamilies. The family members can be separated from those of the Aenictopecheidae on the basis of the pronotal division into three lobes (except in the genus Alienates). They also show polymorphism with winged males and wingless or short-winged females.{{cite book|doi=10.1007/978-94-017-9861-7_4|chapter=The Unique-Headed Bugs (Enicocephalomorpha)|title=True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Neotropics|series=Entomology in Focus|year=2015|last1=Fernandes|first1=José Antônio Marin|last2=Weirauch|first2=Christiane|volume=2|pages=91–98|isbn=978-94-017-9860-0}}

Genera

Genera in the family include:

{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}

Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

= Fossil genera =

  • †Allocephalocoris Luo et al., 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • †Disphaerocephalus Cockerell 1917 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • †Enicocephalinus Azar et al. 1999 Lebanese amber, Barremian{{cite journal |last1=Azar |first1=Dany |last2=Fleck |first2=Gunther |last3=Nel |first3=Andre |last4=Solignac |first4=Michael |title=A new enicocephalid bug, Enicocephalinus acragrimaldii gen. nov., sp. nov., from the Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon (Insecta, Heteroptera, Enicocephalidae). |journal=Estudios del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Alava |date=1999 |volume=14 |page=217-230 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255564727_A_new_enicocephalid_bug_Enicocephalinus_acragrimaldii_gen_nov_sp_nov_from_the_lower_Cretaceous_amber_of_Lebanon_Insecta_Heteroptera_Enicocephalidae}} and Escucha Formation, Albian{{cite journal |last1=Davranoglou |first1=Leonidas‐Romanos |last2=Pérez‐de la Fuente |first2=Ricardo |last3=Baňař |first3=Petr |last4=Peñalver |first4=Enrique |title=The first unique‐headed bug (Hemiptera, Enicocephalomorpha) from Cretaceous Iberian amber, and the Gondwanan connections of its palaeoentomological fauna |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |date=March 2024 |volume=10 |issue=2 |doi=10.1002/spp2.1550|hdl=10261/369826 |hdl-access=free }}
  • †Paralienates Maldonado Capriles et al. 1996 Dominican amber, Miocene
  • †Paenicotechys Cockerell 1917, Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • †Pyrenicocephalus Štys 2010 London Clay, United Kingdom, Ypresian

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{Cite web| title=Enicocephalidae Report

| url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=103998

| website=Integrated Taxonomic Information System

| access-date=2018-05-01

}}

{{Cite web| title=Browse Enicocephalidae

| url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/64e0f51592cee76a911e46e7fb948b6d

| website=Catalogue of Life

| access-date=2018-05-01

}}

{{Cite web| title=Enicocephalidae

| url=https://www.gbif.org/species/7880

| website=GBIF

| access-date=2018-05-01

}}

{{Cite web| title=Enicocephalidae Family Information

| url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/26278

| website=BugGuide.net

| access-date=2018-05-01

}}

}}

{{Hemiptera|3}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1948656}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Enicocephalomorpha

Category:Heteroptera families

{{Heteroptera-stub}}