Enoggera Dam

{{Infobox dam

| name = Enoggera Dam

| name_official =

| image = Enoggera-Reservoir.JPG

| image_size = 250

| image_caption = Enoggera Dam, at the Brisbane Forest Park, in 2007

| image_alt =

| location_map = Queensland

| location_map_size =

| location_map_caption = Location of Enoggera Dam in Queensland

| coordinates = {{coord|27.4473|S|152.927|E|type:landmark_region:AU-QLD|display=inline,title}}

| country = Australia

| location = South East Queensland

| status = O

| construction_began = 1864

| opening = 1866

| demolished =

| cost = £71,000

| owner =

| dam_type = Clay cored earthfill dam

| dam_height = {{convert|23.5|m|abbr=on}}{{cite web|url=http://www.ancold.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Dams-Australia-2010-v1-for-website.xls|format=Excel (requires download)|title=Register of Large Dams in Australia|publisher=Australian National Committee on Large Dams|year=2010|access-date=4 July 2014|work=Dams information|archive-date=12 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212120804/http://www.ancold.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Dams-Australia-2010-v1-for-website.xls|url-status=dead}}

| dam_height_thalweg =

| dam_height_foundation =

| dam_length = {{convert|475|m|abbr=on}}

| dam_width_crest =

| dam_width_base =

| dam_volume = {{convert|360|e3m3|abbr=on}}

| dam_elevation_crest =

| dam_crosses = Enoggera Creek

| spillway_count =

| spillway_type = Uncontrolled

| spillway_capacity = {{convert|450|m3/s|abbr=on}}

| res_name = Enoggera Reservoir

| res_capacity_total = {{convert|4567|ML|e6impgal+e6USgal|abbr=on}}

| res_capacity_active =

| res_capacity_inactive =

| res_catchment = {{convert|33|km2|abbr=on}}

| res_surface = {{convert|75|ha|km2|2|abbr=on}}

| res_elevation =

| res_max_depth =

| res_max_length = {{convert|2376|m|abbr=on}}

| res_max_width = {{convert|640|m|abbr=on}}

| website =

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}}

The Enoggera Dam is a heritage-listed dam, which is located within the outer, western suburb of Enoggera Reservoir, in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

History

The Enoggera Dam was constructed in 1866, on the upper reach of Breakfast Creek (which section was later renamed Enoggera Creek). It was the first major dam built in Queensland and the second major dam built in Australia (the first major dam, Yan Yean Reservoir having been built in Victoria in 1850).{{cite book |title=Building Brisbane's History: Structure, Sculptures, Stories and Secrets |last=Gregory |first=Helen |author2=Dianne Mclay |year=2010 |publisher=Woodslane Press |location=Warriewood, New South Wales |isbn=9781921606199 |pages=192–194 }} It is rare as one of the few remaining examples in Queensland of an intact and functioning reservoir and treatment plant from this period in time. The clay-cored earth-fill dam was designed and built by Joseph Brady.

Water supply problems plagued Brisbane's early years. Soon after the Brisbane Municipal Council was established in 1860, a Water Supply Committee was formed.{{cite book |title=Brisbane 150 Stories |year=2009 |publisher=Brisbane City Council Publication |isbn=978-1-876091-60-6 |pages=12–13 }} The earliest reservoir in Brisbane, which was located on the present Law Courts precinct at the intersection of George, Roma and Turbot Streets, suffered from accumulation of dead animals and vegetable matter.

=Site selection=

Breakfast Creek was rejected by the Water Supply Committee because it was too close to the town. Thomas Oldham, an engineer who had worked on water supply to Melbourne, was employed to conduct a survey and solve Brisbane's problems.

One of Oldham's site recommendations on the Brisbane River near Dutton Park was dismissed because of its prohibitive costs. The other site Oldham suggested was selected because it was where Enoggera Creek left the range. The Surveyor-General, Augustus Gregory also suggested a site on Ithaca Creek. This location was abandoned because it had a small catchment size.

Enoggera Creek had a large catchment that rose higher in the D'Aguilar Range and had more smaller creeks flowing into it.{{cite book |title=Brisbane's Back Door: The story of the D'Aguilar Range |last=Horton |first=Helen |year=1988 |publisher=Boolarong Publications |location=Bowen Hills, Queensland |isbn=0-86439-036-X |pages=74–77 }} The location was steep and heavily timbered. It took eighteen months and ten different contractors to just clear the site.

=Construction=

File:StateLibQld 1 106020 Picnic at Enoggera Reservoir, Brisbane.jpg

The Queensland Government didn't have confidence in the Council to supervise the dam's construction. After requesting revised plans and detailed cost estimates the Board of Waterworks was established to oversee the project.

Approval for the dam's construction was given in May 1864. Work began in August 1864, with water flowing by July 1866.{{cite journal |journal=Brisbane:Water, Power and Industry Paper No. 20 |editor=Carolyn Fitz-Gerald |title=The politics of Brisbane's early water supply schemes|last=Laverty |first=John |year=2008 |publisher=Brisbane History Group |location=Kelvin Grove, Queensland |isbn=978-0-9751793-3-8 |pages=23–25 }}

A single wrought-iron mains pipe, {{convert|8|in|cm}} in diameter (in lieu of the {{convert|20|in|cm}} in diameter originally proposed by Oldham) supplied the town of Brisbane . The pipe arrived at Roma Street, with branch pipes from there to various parts of the town. By 1869 the pipelines were extended to a total of eighteen kilometers, benefiting between five and six thousand people.

Three outlet pipes were incorporated into the design instead of the usual one or two. This allowed the potential supply to increase if needed as well as providing some safety benefits.

The original cost was £50,000, which was raised to £65,000. By the end of 1870 more than £71,000 had been spent and water supply for the rapidly growing city of Brisbane was not being met by strong demand. To solve the problem another dam, Gold Creek Dam was approved in 1881.

A commemorative drinking fountain in the City Botanic Gardens is dedicated to the arrival of clean drinking mains water to Brisbane.

=Droughts and floods=

Dry periods pronounced water quality problems in both Enoggera Dam and Gold Creek Dam built after the Enoggera reservoir was completed. The Mount Crosby Weir and pumping station alleviated some concerns but flooding of the Brisbane River was problematic. It was not until 1912 that water from Enoggera Dam was filtered.{{cite journal |journal=Brisbane:Water, Power and Industry Paper No. 20 |editor=Carolyn Fitz-Gerald |title=Floods, water quality and river crossings, Mount Crosby 1890-1931 |last=Oliver |first=Bill |year=2008 |publisher=Brisbane History Group |location=Kelvin Grove, Queensland |isbn=978-0-9751793-3-8 |pages=33 }}

A spillway was added in 1976. Seven metres was added to the height of the dam wall for flood mitigation in the same year.

It was decommissioned in 2003, then in early 2006 water from Enoggera Dam was again added to inner north-west Brisbane's drinking water supply, when drought had reduced South East Queensland's water supply to critical levels.

During the 2022 eastern Australia floods, Enoggera Dam reached a capacity of 270%, leading to severe flooding in the Enoggera Creek catchment.

Current use

File:Recreational use of Enoggera Dam, 2015 02.jpg

The dam was managed by the Brisbane City Council until July 2008, until it was transferred to Seqwater in a region-wide redistribution of water assets. During summer the recreational area is a popular place for local families to escape the heat.

There are walking tracks in the area, and no permit is required. In March 2014, Seqwater released a recreation guide that allowed for water activities including swimming, canoeing, kayaking and fishing with a licence.{{cite web |url=http://www.seqwater.com.au/sites/default/files/PDF%20Documents/Recreation/20140317%20Recreation%20Guide%20ENOGGERA.pdf |title=Enoggera Dam |publisher=Seqwater |access-date=20 January 2015 |archive-date=20 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120030638/http://www.seqwater.com.au/sites/default/files/PDF%20Documents/Recreation/20140317%20Recreation%20Guide%20ENOGGERA.pdf |url-status=dead }} The public recreational area is divided into areas for wading and for the launching of watercraft. Public access to the dam is via Walkabout Creek Wildlife Centre.