Enrico Forlanini
{{short description|Italian engineer, inventor and aeronautical pioneer}}
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Enrico Forlanini (13 December 1848 – 9 October 1930) was an Italian engineer, inventor and aeronautical pioneer, known for his works on helicopters, aeroplanes, hydrofoils and dirigibles. He was born in Milan. His older brother Carlo Forlanini was a physician.
Early life
File:Elicottero sperimentale Enrico Forlanini 1877 Museo scienza e tecnologia Milano.jpg by Enrico Forlanini (1877), exposed at the Museo nazionale della scienza e della tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci of Milan]]
Enrico Forlanini was born to Francesco Forlanini, a notable physician and director of the Ospedale Fatebenefratelli in Milan. After elementary school he attended one of the three Milan Regie Scuole Tecniche, in 1863 he entered the Military College of Turin.
In 1866 he enrolled at the Military Academy of Turin, and became a Lieutenant of Engineers. Enrico enrolled in the Scuola di Applicazione Artiglieria e Genio (Application School of Artillery and Engineers) in Turin in 1868.{{cite web| url= http://www.storiadimilano.it/Personaggi/Milanesi%20illustri/forlanini/forlanini.htm|title= Enrico Forlanini di Gian Luca Lapini |publisher= Storia di Milano |accessdate=2012-06-22}}
Upon graduation in 1870, Forlanini was assigned to Casale Monferrato, where he was able to work in the police station's workshop. He began working on a systematic testing of propellers. He subsequently studied at Politecnico di Milano and graduated in Industrial Engineering.
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Helicopter model
In 1877, he developed an early helicopter powered by a steam engine. It was the first of its type that rose to a height of 13 metres, where it remained for some 20 seconds, after a vertical take-off from a park in Milan.{{cite web|url=http://www.imss.fi.it/milleanni/cronologia/biografie/forlanie.html|title=Enrico Forlanini|publisher=Mille anni di scienza in Italia|access-date=13 March 2024|language=it}}
Industry
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Then, in 1893 he worked in Forlì, in a company named Società Anonima Forlivese per l’illuminazione a gas e per la fonderia di ferro.
Airships
{{main|Forlanini airships}}
Later he designed and built a series of dirigibles, notably, designed in 1901 and launched in 1909, the Leonardo da Vinci that he dedicated to the famous Renaissance inventor and, in 1912, the Città di Milano, dedicated to his beloved home town. The latter showed exceptionally good characteristics of stability and controllability that won Forlanini international renown.The New York Times 1918 A further four airships were constructed: F3, F4, F5 and F6. A seventh, named Omnia Dir was only completed after his death.
Hydrofoils
File:Forlanini Hydrofoil 1911.jpg circa 1911]]
He is also known for his hydrofoils that he started modelling since 1898. One of those, built at full scale, used a ladder system of foils and a {{convert|60|hp|abbr=on}} engine driving two counter-rotating air props. During testing on Lake Maggiore in 1906, this craft reached a top speed of 68 km/h (42.5 mph). He also tested a hydrofoil with a {{convert|25|hp}} steam engine but this only achieved around {{convert|50|km/h|mph}} in 1908-1909.Brozzola
Legacy
Forlanini obtained a number{{How many?|date=August 2021}} of British and American patents on his ideas and designs, most of which were aimed at seaplane applications.International Hydrofoil Society. [http://www.foils.org/gallery/forlani.htm Forlanini] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118154755/http://www.foils.org/gallery/forlani.htm |date=2017-01-18 }}, last accessed 2008-06-30
He died in 1930 while still working on the design of the Omnia Dir airship.
Milan has dedicated to Enrico Forlanini its city airport, also named Linate Airport,{{cite web|url=https://www.milanolinate-airport.com/it/legal/airport-regulations/aeroporto-linate|title=L'aeroporto di Milano Linate|publisher=Aeroporto di Milano Linate|access-date=13 March 2024|language=it}} as well as the nearby park, the Parco Forlanini.{{cite web|url=https://www.comune.milano.it/aree-tematiche/verde/verde-pubblico/parchi-cittadini/parco-enrico-forlanini|title=Scheda del Parco Forlanini|publisher=Comune di Milano|access-date=13 March 2024|language=it}} In Milan he also has an avenue named after him, Viale Enrico Forlanini.
Notes
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References
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- Diego Brozzola. 1999. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080224180902/http://www.aerei-italiani.net/Forlanini.htm Aerei Italiani - "Il mio Idroplano" dell'Ing Enrico Forlanini] (Italian) last accessed 2008-06-30
- Gian Luca Lapini. 2004. [http://www.storiadimilano.it/Personaggi/Milanesi%20illustri/forlanini/forlanini.htm Storia di Milano ::: Enrico Forlanini] (Italian) last accessed 2008-06-30
- Officine Leonardo da Vinci [https://web.archive.org/web/20100327111722/http://www.oldv.eu/ THE HISTORY - Enrico Formanini and the Officine Leonardo da Vinci]
- The New York Times Magazine. 1918-01-13 Page SM3. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A0DE3DA163AE532A25750C1A9679C946996D6CF New Italian Airship Better Than Zeppelin], last accessed 2008-06-30 ([https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/01/13/113305486.pdf full article])
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Category:19th-century Italian inventors
Category:Italian aerospace engineers