Enrofloxacin

{{Short description|Chemical compound}}

{{More citations needed|date=November 2016}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}

{{Drugbox

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 443725793

| IUPAC_name = 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid

| image = Enrofloxacin structure.svg

| tradename = Baytril, others

| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|international|enrofloxacin}}

| DailyMedID = Enrofloxacin

| pregnancy_AU = B3

| routes_of_administration = By mouth, subcutaneous, intramuscular

| ATCvet = yes

| ATC_prefix = J01

| ATC_suffix = MA90

| ATC_supplemental = {{ATCvet|D06|BA51}}

| legal_AU = S4

| legal_UK = POM

| legal_US = Rx-only

| legal_US_comment = {{cite web | title=Baytril- enrofloxacin injection, solution | website=DailyMed | date=13 October 2022 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=258967db-9587-4c19-b846-ac143dada99a | access-date=13 April 2023}}{{cite web | title=Baytril- enrofloxacin injection, solution | website=DailyMed | date=22 March 2023 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a1ada9f6-24e2-4287-8b83-00e2b68666e5 | access-date=13 April 2023}}{{cite web | title=Baytril- enrofloxacin tablet, chewable | website=DailyMed | date=25 November 2021 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=606b1dd3-24ed-4f8c-8885-6b22fd7b8883 | access-date=13 April 2023}}

| bioavailability = 80% in dogs, 65-75% in sheep {{cite book | vauthors = Plumb DC | chapter = Enrofloxacin | title = Veterinary Drug Handbook | edition = fifth }}

| metabolism = Kidney and non-kidney

| elimination_half-life = 4–5 hours in dogs, 6 hours in cats, 1.5 - 4.5 hours in sheep

| excretion = Bile duct (70%); kidney (30%){{cite web | title = Baytril: Excretion and Elimination |url=http://www.animalhealth.bayer.com/5175.0.html | publisher = Bayer HealthCare AG |access-date=2014-01-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106234031/http://www.animalhealth.bayer.com/5175.0.html |archive-date=2014-01-06 }}

| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}

| CAS_number = 93106-60-6

| PubChem = 71188

| DrugBank_Ref =

| DrugBank = DB11404

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}

| ChemSpiderID = 64326

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = 3DX3XEK1BN

| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}

| KEGG = D02473

| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}

| ChEBI = 35720

| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}

| ChEMBL = 15511

| C=19 | H=22 | F=1 | N=3 | O=3

| smiles = O=C(O)\C3=C\N(c2cc(N1CCN(CC)CC1)c(F)cc2C3=O)C4CC4

| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChI = 1S/C19H22FN3O3/c1-2-21-5-7-22(8-6-21)17-10-16-13(9-15(17)20)18(24)14(19(25)26)11-23(16)12-3-4-12/h9-12H,2-8H2,1H3,(H,25,26)

| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChIKey = SPFYMRJSYKOXGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

| melting_point = 219

| melting_high = 221

}}

Enrofloxacin, sold under the brand name Baytril, among others, is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used for the treatment of animals. It is a bactericidal agent.

The bactericidal activity of enrofloxacin is concentration-dependent, with susceptible bacteria cell death occurring within 20–30 minutes of exposure. Enrofloxacin has demonstrated a significant post-antibiotic effect for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and is active in both stationary and growth phases of bacterial replication. Enrofloxacin is partially deethylated by CYP450 into the active metabolite ciprofloxacin, which is also a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.

In September 2005, the FDA withdrew approval of enrofloxacin for use in water to treat flocks of poultry, as the practice was noted to promote the evolution of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of the bacterium Campylobacter, a human pathogen.{{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/cvm/FQWithdrawal.html |title=Enrofloxacin for Poultry | publisher = U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |access-date=2007-03-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210231646/https://www.fda.gov/cvm/FQWithdrawal.html |archive-date=2007-02-10 }} Enrofloxacin is available as a fixed-dose combination medication with silver sulfadiazine for the treatment of canine otitis externa.{{cite web | title=Baytril Otic- enrofloxacin, silver sulfadiazine emulsion | website=DailyMed | date=27 March 2023 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=5012fe70-6394-45f5-be75-04297e39574d | access-date=13 April 2023}} It is available as a generic medication.