Enterocolitis
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| name = Enterocolitis
| synonyms = Coloenteritis
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Enterocolitis is an inflammation of the digestive tract, involving enteritis of the small intestine and colitis of the colon.{{cite book|last1=McFarland|first1=Joseph|title=A Text-book of Pathology: For Practitioners and Students|date=1904|publisher=W.B. Saunders|page=466|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CicSAAAAYAAJ&q=Enterocolitis+-necrotizing+inflammation+-essential|access-date=7 March 2018|language=en}} It may be caused by various infections, with bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or other causes. Common clinical manifestations of enterocolitis are frequent diarrheal defecations, with or without nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, chills, and alteration of general condition. General manifestations are given by the dissemination of the infectious agent or its toxins throughout the body, or – most frequently – by significant losses of water and minerals, the consequence of diarrhea and vomiting.
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms of enterocolitis include abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, and loss of appetite.
Cause
Among the causal agents of acute enterocolitis are:{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}
- bacteria: Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Campylobacter etc.
- viruses: enteroviruses, rotaviruses, norovirus, adenoviruses
- fungi: candidiasis, especially in immunosuppressed patients or who have previously received prolonged antibiotic treatment
- parasites: Giardia lamblia (with a high frequency of infestation in the population, but not always with clinical manifestations), Balantidium coli, Blastocystis homnis, Cryptosporidium (diarrhea in people with immunosuppression), Entamoeba histolytica (produces amebian dysentery, common in tropical areas).
Diagnosis
=Types=
Specific types of enterocolitis include:{{cite web |url= https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/necrotizing-enterocolitis/| title= Necrotizing Enterocolitis
|website=The Lecturio Medical Concept Library |access-date= 11 August 2021}} Taxonomy. Lawson et al (2016). NCBI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=1496&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock
- necrotizing enterocolitis (most common in premature infants)
- pseudomembranous enterocolitis (also called "Pseudomembranous colitis")
Treatment
Treatment depends on aetiology e.g. Antibiotics such as metronidazole for bacterial infection, antiviral drug therapy for viral infection and
anti-helminths for parasitic infections{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
See also
References
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External links
{{Medical resources
| DiseasesDB =
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|04|7|a|00}}, {{ICD10|K|51|0|k|50}}
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| OMIM = 226150
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| MeshID = D004760
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{{Digestive system diseases}}
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