Entobia

{{Short description|Trace fossil}}

{{Ichnobox

| fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Devonian|Holocene}}

| image = Entobia Modern.jpg

| image_caption = Modern Entobia borings in a bivalve shell

| taxon = Entobia

| authority = Bronn, 1838

| type_ichnospecies = Entobia cretacea

| type_ichnospecies_authority = Portlock, 1843

| subdivision_ranks = Ichnospecies

| subdivision_ref = {{cite journal|last1=Wisshak|first1=M.|last2=Knaust|first2=D.|last3=Bertling|first3=M.|year=2019|title=Bioerosion ichnotaxa: review and annotated list|journal=Facies|volume=65|issue=2|page=24|doi=10.1007/s10347-019-0561-8}}

| subdivision = {{collapsible list|bullets = true

|E. cretacea {{small|Portlock, 1843}}

|E. michelini {{small|(Nardo, 1845)}}

|E. glomerata {{small|(Michelin, 1846)}}

|E. nardina {{small|(Michelin, 1846)}}

|E. duvernoyi {{small|(Michelin, 1847)}}

|E. irregularis {{small|(d’Orbigny, 1850)}}

|E. ramosa {{small|(d’Orbigny, 1850)}}

|E. parisiensis {{small|(d’Orbigny, 1850)}}

|E. dissociata {{small|(Duchassaing, 1850)}}

|E. duvernoysii {{small|(Duchassaing, 1850)}}

|E. pectita {{small|(Michelotti, 1861)}}

|E. strombi {{small|(Duchassaing de Fonbressin & Michelotti, 1864)}}

|E. megastoma {{small|(Fischer in d’Archiac et al., 1866)}}

|E. falunica {{small|(Fischer in d’Archiac et al., 1866)}}

|E. cerithii {{small|(Fraas, 1867)}}

|E. paradoxa {{small|(Fischer, 1868)}}

|E. praecursor {{small|(Fischer, 1868)}}

|E. cerithiorum {{small|(Fischer, 1868)}}

|E. tubulosa {{small|(Seguenza, 1879)}}

|E. perforata {{small|(Seguenza, 1882)}}

|E. intricata {{small|(Seguenza, 1882)}}

|E. catenata {{small|(Frič, 1883)}}

|E. exogyrarum {{small|(Frič, 1883)}}

|E. mammillata {{small|(Chapman, 1907)}}

|E. peregrinator {{small|(Chapman, 1907)}}

|E. bullini {{small|(Annandale, 1920)}}

|E. devonica {{small|(Clarke, 1921)}}

|E. radiciformis {{small|(Lehner, 1937)}}

|E. microtuberum {{small|(Stephenson, 1941)}}

|E. retiformis {{small|(Stephenson, 1952)}}

|E. cateniformis {{small|Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984}}

|E. geometrica {{small|Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984}}

|E. laquea {{small|Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984}}

|E. ovula {{small|Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984}}

|E. volzi {{small|Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1984}}

|E. depressa {{small|Ghare, 1985}}

|E. dendritica {{small|Pleydell & Jones, 1988}}

|E. gigantea {{small|Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1989}}

|E. magna {{small|Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1989}}

|E. parva {{small|Bromley & D’Alessandro, 1989}}

|E. astrologica {{small|Mikuláš, 1992}}

|E. solaris {{small|Mikuláš, 1992}}

|E. goniodes {{small|Bromley & Asgaard, 1993}}

|E. cervicornis {{small|Fürsich et al., 1994}}

|E. convoluta {{small|Edinger & Risk, 1994}}

|E. micra {{small|Wisshak, 2008}}

|E. nana {{small|Wisshak, 2008}}

|E. cracoviensis {{small|Bromley & Uchman in Bromley et al., 2009}}

|E. resinensis {{small|Santos et al., 2011}}

|E. colaria {{small|Wisshak et al., 2017}}

|E. morrisi {{small|Wisshak, Knaust & Bertling, 2019}}

|E. tuberculata {{small|Wisshak, Knaust & Bertling, 2019}}

}}

| synonyms_ref =

| synonyms =

• Clionites {{small|Morris in Mantell, 1850}}
• Topsentia {{small|Clarke, 1921 (junior homonym)}}
• Topsentopsis {{small|de Laubenfels in Moore, 1955}}
• Uniglobites {{small|Pleydell & Jones, 1988}}

}}

Image:Entobia gallery 041316.jpg

Entobia is a trace fossil in a hard substrate (typically a shell, rock or hardground made of calcium carbonate) formed by sponges as a branching network of galleries, often with regular enlargements termed chambers. Apertural canals connect the outer surface of the substrate to the chambers and galleries so the sponge can channel water through its tissues for filter feeding.{{cite journal | author = Bromley, R.G. | year = 1970 | title = Borings as trace fossils and Entobia cretacea Portlock, as an example | journal = Geological Journal| volume = 3 | pages = 49–90}} The fossil ranges from the Devonian to the Recent.{{cite journal | author = Taylor, P.D., Wilson. M.A. | year = 2003 | title = Palaeoecology and evolution of marine hard substrate communities | journal = Earth-Science Reviews | volume = 62 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 1–103 | doi = 10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00131-9| bibcode = 2003ESRv...62....1T }}{{cite journal | author = Tapanila, L. | year = 2006 | title = Devonian Entobia borings from Nevada, with a revision of Topsentopsis | journal = Journal of Paleontology | volume = 80 | issue = 4 | pages = 760–767 | doi = 10.1666/0022-3360(2006)80[760:DEBFNW]2.0.CO;2| s2cid = 129195867 }}