Entosiphon
{{short description|Genus of euglenids}}
{{about|a genus of flagellates|the plant alternatively known as Entosiphon|Atuna (genus)}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Entosiphon oblongum 2016 fig1Q.png
| image_caption = Differencial interference contrast micrograph of Entosiphon oblongum. Scale bar: 10 μm.
| taxon = Entosiphon
| parent_authority = Cavalier-Smith 2016{{cite journal|last=Cavalier-Smith|first=Thomas|author-link1=Thomas Cavalier-Smith|title=Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa|journal=European Journal of Protistology|volume=56|date=October 2016|doi=10.1016/j.ejop.2016.09.003|doi-access=free|pages=250–276}}
| type_species = Entosiphon sulcatum
| type_species_authority = (Dujardin 1841) Stein 1878
| subdivision_ranks = Other species
| subdivision =
}}
Entosiphon is a genus of euglenids. It was described by Friedrich Stein in 1878.
Description
Entosiphon is a genus of phagotrophic euglenids, single-celled flagellates with two flagella characterized by a protein pellicle present beneath the cell membrane. In particular, Entosiphon cells are distinguished by a protrusible ingestion apparatus. Their pellicle is composed of twelve protein strips.
Classification
The genus Entosiphon was described by Friedrich Stein in 1878. It was established to transfer a species of Anisonema, A. sulcata, to a separate genus, which changed the original spelling of this species to E. sulcatum.{{cite book|title=Der Organismus der Infusionsthiere. III. Abtheilung. Der Organismus der Flagellaten nach eigenen Forschungen in Systematischer Reihenfolge. I. Hälfte, Den noch nicht abgeschlossenen allgemeinen Theil nebst Erklärung der sämmtlichen Abbildungen enthaltend |language=german|trans-title=The Infusoria Organism. Volume III. The Flagellate Organism according to our own research in a systematic order. Part I, Containing the general part, which has not yet been completed, along with an explanation of all the illustrations |doi=10.5962/bhl.title.3933|publisher=W. Engelmann|publication-place=Lepizig|date=1878|author1=Friedrich Ritter von Stein|author1-link=Samuel Friedrich Stein|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42377680|page=plate XXIV, figures 17–25|no-pp=yes|doi-access=free|access-date=2024-04-17|oclc=475289589}} A second species, E. oblongum, was described in 2016.{{cite journal|last=Cavalier-Smith|first=Thomas|author-link1=Thomas Cavalier-Smith|last2=Chao|first2=Ema E.|last3=Vickerman|first3=Keith|title=New phagotrophic euglenoid species (new genus Decastava; Scytomonas saepesedens; Entosiphon oblongum), Hsp90 introns, and putative euglenoid Hsp90 pre-mRNA insertional editing|journal=European Journal of Protistology|volume=56|date=October 2016|doi=10.1016/j.ejop.2016.08.002|doi-access=free|pages=147–170}} The genus was placed in a separate family Entosiphonidae the same year.
The evolutionary position of Entosiphon among euglenids is unstable, either branching with Hemiolia and Liburna or forming a separate branch, depending on the methods and datasets used. In all cases, it consistently branches among basal, non-flexible euglenids, outside of any major euglenid group.{{cite journal|last1=Kostygov|first1=Alexei Y.|first2=Anna|last2=Karnkowska|first3=Jan|last3=Votýpka|first4=Daria|last4=Tashyreva|first5=Kacper|last5=Maciszewski|first6=Vyacheslav|last6=Yurchenko|first7=Julius|last7=Lukeš|date=2021|title=Euglenozoa: taxonomy, diversity and ecology, symbioses and viruses|volume=11|pages=200407|journal=Open Biology|doi=10.1098/rsob.200407|pmid=33715388|pmc=8061765}}{{cite journal|last=Lax|first=Gordon|last2=Cho|first2=Anna|last3=Keeling|first3=Patrick J.|title=Phylogenomics of novel ploeotid taxa contribute to the backbone of the euglenid tree|journal=Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology|volume=70|issue=4|date=13 March 2023|issn=1066-5234|doi=10.1111/jeu.12973|doi-access=free|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jeu.12973|pages=e12973}}
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References
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