Enyo
{{Short description|Greek goddess of war}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Ancient Greek religion}}
In Greek mythology, Enyo ({{IPAc-en|ᵻ|ˈ|n|aɪ|oʊ}}; {{langx|grc|Ἐνυώ|Enȳṓ}}) is a war-goddess, frequently associated with the war-god Ares. The Romans identified her with Bellona.Grimal, s.v. Enyo; Tripp, s.v. Enyo; Smith, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DE%3Aentry+group%3D4%3Aentry%3Denyo-bio-1 s.v. Enyo].
Enyo is also the name of one of the Graeae, one of three grey-haired sisters who share an eye and a tooth.
Name
Her name might be preserved on the cornice of one of the friezes of the Gigantomachy altar, among those of fourteen others.Mitchell, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=72EJAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA92 92]
Cult
At Thebes and Orchomenos, a festival entitled Homolôïa, which was celebrated in honour of Zeus, Demeter, Athena, and Enyo, was said to have received the surname of Homoloïus from Homoloïs, a priestess of Enyo.Suidas s. v.; compare Müller, Orchomen, p.229, 2nd edit. (cited by Schmitz) A statue of Enyo, made by the sons of Praxiteles, stood in the temple of Ares at Athens.Pausanias, Description of Greece, I. 8. § 5. (cited by Schmitz)
Description
Enyo is called the "sister of War" (in Greek Polemos) by Quintus Smyrnaeus,Quintus Smyrnaeus, Fall of Troy, [https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/374/mode/2up 8.424]. in a role closely resembling that of Eris, the embodiment of strife and discord, with Homer, in particular, representing the two as the same. In some myths, she is identified as the mother of the war god Enyalius as well,Eustathius on Homer 944 and in these myths, Ares is indicated as the father, however, the masculine name Enyalius or Enyalios also may be used as a title for Ares.{{cite book|last=Willcock|first=Malcolm M.|title=A companion to the Iliad : based on the translation by Richard Lattimore|url=https://archive.org/details/companiontoiliad0000will|url-access=registration|year=1976|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=0-226-89855-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/companiontoiliad0000will/page/58 58]|edition=[9th print.]}}
As goddess of war, Enyo is responsible for orchestrating the destruction of cities, often accompanying Ares into battle.Homer, Iliad 5. 333, 592 She is depicted as "supreme in war".Pausanias, Description of Greece [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:4.30.5 4.30.5]. She is so delighted in warfare that she even refused to take sides in the battle between Zeus and the monster Typhon:
Eris (Strife) was Typhon's escort in the mellee, Nike (Victory) led Zeus into battle… impartial Enyo held equal balance between the two sides, between Zeus and Typhon, while the thunderbolts with booming shots revel like dancers in the sky.Nonnus, Dionysiaca 2. 358 and 2. 475 ff
Enyo was involved in the war of the Seven against Thebes, and in Dionysus's war with the Indians as well.Statius, Thebaid, Nonnus, Dionysiaca During the fall of Troy, Enyo inflicted terror and bloodshed in the war, along with Eris ("Strife"), Phobos ("Fear"), and Deimos ("Dread"), the latter two being sons of Ares.Quintus Smyrnaeus, Fall of Troy She, Eris, and the two sons of Ares are depicted on the shield of Achilles.
Notes
{{Reflist}}
References
- Grimal, Pierre, The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996. {{ISBN|978-0-631-20102-1}}. [https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofclas0000grim/page/n3/mode/2up?view=theater Internet Archive].
- Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. [http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library].
- Quintus Smyrnaeus, Quintus Smyrnaeus: The Fall of Troy, Translator: A.S. Way; Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA, 1913. [https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/n5/mode/2up Internet Archive]
- Smith, William, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.04.0104 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library].
- Tripp, Edward, Crowell's Handbook of Classical Mythology, Thomas Y. Crowell Co; First edition (June 1970). {{ISBN|069022608X}}.
- Mitchell, Lucy M., "Sculptures of the Great Pergamon Altar" in The Century Magazine, 1883.
{{Greek religion}}
{{Greek mythology (deities)}}
{{Authority control}}