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Epacris

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in the heath family Ericaceae}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|image = Epacris longiflora 04.jpg

|image_caption = Epacris longiflora

|display_parents = 2

|taxon = Epacris

|authority = J.R.Forst.{{cite web|title=Epacris|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/61534|publisher=Australian Plant Census|accessdate=12 June 2020}}

|subdivision_ranks = Species

|subdivision = See text

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Epacris is a genus of about forty species of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. It was formerly treated in a closely related but separate family Epacridaceae, but the various genera within Epacridaceae including Epacris have been revised in their relationships to each other and brought under the common umbrella of the Ericaceae. The genus Epacris is native to eastern and southeastern Australia (southeast Queensland south to Tasmania and west to southeast South Australia), and New Zealand. The species are known as heaths or Australian heaths.

Description

Plants in the genus Epacris are shrubs with simple leaves that are a similar colour on both surfaces and with flowers arranged singly in leaf axils near the ends of the branches, sometimes extending along the branches. Each flower is surrounded by many bracts and five, usually glabrous sepals. The petals are joined to produce a cylindrical or bell-like tube with five lobes on the end. There are five stamens which are mostly enclosed in the tube, and a single style which protrudes from the tube. The fruit is a capsule.{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jocelyn M.|title=Epacris|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&showsyn=&dist=&constat=&lvl=gn&name=Epacris|publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney|access-date=6 November 2017}}

Taxonomy and naming

The genus Epacris was first formally described in 1797 by Antonio José Cavanilles, who published the description in Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum.{{cite web|title=Epacris|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/466971|publisher=APNI|access-date=6 November 2017}} Cavanilles did not specify a type species but in 1983 Edward Groesbeck Voss nominated Epacris longiflora as the lectotype. The genus name (Epacris) is derived from an Ancient Greek word meaning "on the summit", referring to habitat preference.{{Cite book|last=Craig|first=John|title=A New Universal, Technological, Etymological, and Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Language|publisher=George Routledge & Co.|year=1854|volume=1|location=London|pages=645}}

Distribution

Species of Epacris are found in all Australian states except the Northern Territory and Western Australia. Three further species are found in New Zealand. The New Zealand species E. pauciflora has been reported from New Caledonia, but this report is now regarded as an error.{{cite journal |last1=McGlone |first1=Matt S. |title=Pollen wall structure of the New Zealand species of Epacris (Epacridaceae) |journal=New Zealand Journal of Botany |date=March 1978 |volume=16 |issue=1 |page=83 |doi=10.1080/0028825X.1978.10429661|doi-access=free |bibcode=1978NZJB...16...83M }}

Species

The following is a list of species recognised by the Australian Plant Census or by the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network as at April 2022:{{cite web|title=Epacris|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/search?product=APC&tree.id=1133571&name=Epacris&inc._scientific=&inc.scientific=on&inc._cultivar=&inc._other=&max=1000&display=apc&search=true|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=22 April 2022}}{{cite web |title=Epacris |url=https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/?quick_search=Epacris |publisher=New Zealand Plant Conservation Network |access-date=1 July 2022}}

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Images

Image:Epacris_microphylla.jpg|Epacris microphylla

Image:Epacris_pulchella.jpg|Epacris pulchella

Image:Epacris purpurascens (Edwards).jpg|Epacris purpurascens

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References

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Category:Ericaceae genera