Erich Sackmann

Sackmann obtained his MSc (1961) and PhD{{cite Q|Q126172843}} (1964) degrees from the University of Stuttgart in the group of Theodor Förster.{{cite Q|Q48447464}}

Following the awarding of his PhD, Sackmann then spent two years at Bell Telephone Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey, and six years at Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen, Germany. Between 1974 and 1980 he was professor of physics and head of the biophysics department at Universität Ulm, and from 1980 until retirement in 2003 he held the same positions at the Physics Department of the Technical University of Munich.

Sackmann dedicated a lifetime of research towards probing the living cell with tools of physics, long before biophysics was the mode of the day. Considered as a father of biophysics in Europe, he pioneered, along with others, the idea of a "bottom up" approach towards understanding the cell – starting from relatively simple systems like lipid bilayers, giant vesicles and actin in solution and going towards more and more complex systems to reach eventually an understanding at the level of the entire cell.

More than 200 publications and several books [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/REL?PPN=107150948 Literatur von und über Erich Sackmann] testify to his contributions to soft matter and biophysics. His early work was mainly on lyotropic liquid crystals and lipid membranes. Later, along with his students he laid the foundations of our current understanding of membrane adhesion. Over the years, his team developed and improved the technique of reflection interference contrast microscopy – RICM (which is quantitative interference reflection microscopy – IRM){{Cite journal | doi = 10.1051/jp2:1993163| title = Imaging optical thicknesses and separation distances of phospholipid vesicles at solid surfaces| journal = Journal de Physique II| volume = 3| issue = 5| pages = 727–748| year = 1993| last1 = Rädler | first1 = J. | last2 = Sackmann | first2 = E. | bibcode = 1993JPhy2...3..727R| url = http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-epub-3788-0}}{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1364/AO.37.006892| pmid = 18301506| title = Microinterferometry: Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Surface Microtopography for Thin-Film and Wetting Studies by Reflection Interference Contrast Microscopy (RICM)| journal = Applied Optics| volume = 37| issue = 29| pages = 6892–905| year = 1998| last1 = Wiegand | first1 = G. | last2 = Neumaier | first2 = K. R. | last3 = Sackmann | first3 = E. | bibcode = 1998ApOpt..37.6892W}} – a powerful tool to probe adhesion of membranes and thin films. Collaborations with theoreticians like Reinhard Lipowsky, Udo Seifert and Robijn Bruinsma have led to seminal works on adhesion of cell mimetic giant vesicles{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1002/1439-7641(20020315)3:3<262::AID-CPHC262>3.0.CO;2-U| pmid = 12503172| title = Cell Adhesion as Wetting Transition?| journal = ChemPhysChem| volume = 3| issue = 3| pages = 262–9| year = 2002| last1 = Sackmann | first1 = E. | last2 = Bruinsma | first2 = R. F.}} (also called liposomes).

Another of his interests was the cytoskeleton and its dynamics. To study cytoskeletal dynamics, his team developed magnetic tweezers capable of exerting very small pulling forces. He contributed to our understanding of the dynamics of single actin filaments, actin networks as well as intact living cells.{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.178101| pmid = 16383873| title = Microviscoelastic Moduli of Biomimetic Cell Envelopes| journal = Physical Review Letters| volume = 95| issue = 17| pages = 178101| year = 2005| last1 = Limozin | first1 = L. | last2 = Roth | first2 = A. | last3 = Sackmann | first3 = E. | bibcode = 2005PhRvL..95q8101L}}{{Cite journal

| pmid = 16090216

| year = 2005

| last1 = Uhde

| first1 = J

| title = Osmotic force-controlled microrheometry of entangled actin networks

| journal = Physical Review Letters

| volume = 94

| issue = 19

| pages = 198102

| last2 = Feneberg

| first2 = W

| last3 = Ter-Oganessian

| first3 = N

| last4 = Sackmann

| first4 = E

| last5 = Boulbitch

| first5 = A

| bibcode = 2005PhRvL..94s8102U

| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.198102

}}{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1073/pnas.052432499| title = Microrheometry of semiflexible actin networks through enforced single-filament reptation: Frictional coupling and heterogeneities in entangled networks| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences| volume = 99| issue = 10| pages = 6533–6538| year = 2002| last1 = Dichtl | first1 = M. A.| last2 = Sackmann | first2 = E.| bibcode = 2002PNAS...99.6533D | pmid=11997438 | pmc=124437| doi-access = free}}

His research interests included: physics of self assembly and function of artificial and biological membranes, viscoelastic microscopy of cells, physics of the actin based cytoskeleton: micro-rheology of macromolecular networks, applications of solid-supported lipid-protein membranes, ultrathin hydrated polymer layers and polymer/membrane composite films and neutron reflectivity as a new tool to study the self assembly of membrane associated proteins.

Along with Reinhard Lipowsky, he authored The Structure and Dynamics of Membranes. With Rudolf Merkel, he published Lehrbuch der Biophysik – a text book on biophysics aimed at students and researchers.

He was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society in 2002.{{cite web|url=https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/archive-all.cfm?initial=&year=2002&unit_id=&institution=|title=APS Fellow Archive|publisher=APS|access-date=17 September 2020}} In recognition of his research work, in 2006, he was awarded the Stern-Gerlach-Medal by the DPG, German Physical Society.

• Lipid raft
• Interference reflection microscopy
• A. S. G. Curtis
• J. S. Ploem

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Category:1934 births

Category:German biophysicists

Category:2024 deaths

Category:Scientists at Bell Labs

Category:Academic staff of the Technical University of Munich

Category:Academic staff of the University of Ulm

Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society