Eriophyllum lanatum
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Eriophyllum lanatum 3575.JPG
|image_caption =
|genus = Eriophyllum
|species = lanatum
|synonyms_ref = [http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-37799 The Plant List, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J.Forbes ][http://www.tropicos.org/Name/2710166 Tropicos, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J. Forbes]
|synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true
|title=Synonymy
|Actinella lanata Pursh 1813
|Actinea lanata (Pursh) Steud.
|Bahia lanata (Pursh) DC.
|Helenium lanatum (Pursh) Spreng.
|Trichophyllum lanatum (Pursh) Nutt.
|Eriophyllum caespitosum Douglas ex Lindl.
|Eriophyllum harfordii Rydb.
|Eriophyllum pedunculatum A.Heller
|Eriophyllum superbum Rydb.
|Bahia achillioides DC., syn of var. achillioides
|Eriophyllum achilleoides (DC.) Greene, syn of var. achillioides
|Eriophyllum greenei Elmer, syn of var. achillioides
|Eriophyllum idoneum Jeps., syn of var. achillioides
|Eriophyllum ternatum Greene, syn of var. achillioides
|Bahia arachnoidea Fisch. & Avé-Lall., syn of var. arachnoideum
|Bahia latifolia Lindl. 1853 not Benth. 1844, syn of var. arachnoideum
|Bahia trolliifolia (Lag.) DC., syn of var. arachnoideum
|Eriophyllum arachnoideum (Fisch. & Avé-Lall.) Greene, syn of var. arachnoideum
|Eriophyllum trolliifolium Lag., syn of var. arachnoideum
|Eriophyllum croceum Greene, syn of var. croceum
|Egletes californica Kellogg, syn of var. grandiflorum
|Eriophyllum grandiflorum (A.Gray) Greene, syn of var. grandiflorum
|Eriophyllum speciosum Greene, syn of var. grandiflorum
|Bahia cuneata Kellogg, syn of var. integrifolium
|Bahia gracilis Hook. & Arn., syn of var. integrifolium
|Bahia integrifolia (Hook.) DC., syn of var. integrifolium
|Bahia leucophylla D.C.Eaton 1871 not DC. 1836, syn of var. integrifolium
|Bahia multiflora (Nutt.) Nutt., syn of var. integrifolium
|Eriophyllum bolanderi Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium
|Eriophyllum chrysanthum Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium
|Eriophyllum cineraria Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium
|Eriophyllum cuneatum Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium
|Eriophyllum gracile (Hook. & Arn.) A.Gray, syn of var. integrifolium
|Eriophyllum integrifolium (Hook.) Greene, syn of var. integrifolium
|Eriophyllum lutescens Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium
|Eriophyllum monoense Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium
|Eriophyllum multiflorum (Nutt.) Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium
|Eriophyllum nevadense Gand., syn of var. integrifolium
|Eriophyllum trichocarpum Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium
|Eriophyllum watsonii A.Gray, syn of var. integrifolium
|Trichophyllum integrifolium Hook., syn of var. integrifolium
|Trichophyllum multiflorum Nutt., syn of var. integrifolium
|Eriophyllum lanceolatum Howell, syn of var. lanceolatum
|Eriophyllum rixfordii Eastw., syn of var. lanceolatum
|Eriophyllum leucophyllum (DC.) Howell, syn of var. leucophyllum
|Eriophyllum brachylepis Rydb., syn of var. obovatum
|Eriophyllum obovatum Greene, syn of var. obovatum
|}}}}
Eriophyllum lanatum, with the common names common woolly sunflower, Oregon sunshine and golden yarrow,{{Cite book |last=Spellenberg |first=Richard |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalaudubons00spel/page/373/ |title=National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region |publisher=Knopf |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-375-40233-3 |edition=rev |pages=373–374 |orig-date=1979}} is a common, widespread, North American plant in the family Asteraceae.[http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=3427 University of California, Calflora taxon report: Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) James Forbes]Sierra Nevada Wildflowers, Karen Wiese, 2nd Ed. 2013, p. 116
Description
Eriophyllum lanatum is a perennial herb growing from {{Convert|30 to 60|cm|abbr=off}} in height, in well-branched clumps. Both the stems and leaves may be covered with a woolly gray hair, but some plants lack this. The leaves are {{Convert|2.5-7.5|cm|abbr=on|frac=4}} long, linear on the upper stems, and slender and pinnately lobed on the lower stems. The hairs conserve water by reflecting heat and reducing air movement across the leaf's surface.
The flowers are yellow and composite, looking much like true sunflowers, and sometimes grow to about {{Convert|5|cm|abbr=on|frac=4}} wide. Both the (8–12) ray and disk flowers are yellow, with one flower head on each flowering stalk.[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066710 Flora of North America, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J. Forbes, 1833. Common woolly sunflower ] The flower heads have 6–14 rays, which are darker towards the base, and several disk flowers.{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Ronald J. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/25708726 |title=Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary |publisher=Mountain Press Pub. Co |year=1994 |isbn=0-87842-280-3 |edition=rev. |location=Missoula, MT |pages=144 |language=en |oclc=25708726 |orig-year=1992}} They bloom from May to August. The seeds have scales at the tip.
{{gallery|mode=packed
|Eriophyllum lanatum 2016-05-17 0552.jpg|Shrub prior to bloom
|Eriophyllum lanatum 2016-05-17 0554.jpg|Leaves
|Eriophyllum lanatum, Christchurch Botanic Gardens, New Zealand 05.jpg|Flowers in bloom
|Eriophyllum lanatum, Christchurch Botanic Gardens, New Zealand 03.jpg|Flower close-up
|Eriophyllum lanatum - Botanischer Garten Mainz IMG 5600.JPG|Side view of flower
}}
Taxonomy
The Lewis and Clark Expedition reportedly saw this plant growing above their camp on the Clearwater River (near present-day Kamiah, Idaho), and collected two specimens on 6 June 1806.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} Botanist Frederick Traugott Pursh studied the plants collected on the expedition; his first classification and naming of the species, as Actinella lanata, was published in 1813.Pursh, Frederick Traugott (1813). A Systematic Arrangement and Description of The Plants of North America.
The common name "woolly sunflower" is often used to describe any member of the genus Eriophyllum.
=Varieties=
Varieties include:
- Eriophyllum lanatum var. achillioides (DC.) Jeps. — California, Nevada, Oregon.[http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Eriophyllum+lanatum+var.+achilleoides Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. achilleoides]
- Eriophyllum lanatum var. arachnoideum (Fisch. & Avé-Lall.) Jeps. — Spiderweb sunflower; endemic to the California Coast Ranges from Del Norte County to Monterey County in California.[http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Eriophyllum+lanatum+var.+arachnoideum Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. arachnoideum]
- Eriophyllum lanatum var. croceum (Greene) Jeps. — Sierra woolly sunflower; endemic to the Sierra Nevada in California.[http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Eriophyllum+lanatum+var.+croceum Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. croceum]
- Eriophyllum lanatum var. grandiflorum (A.Gray) Jeps. — Large flowered woolly sunflower; northern California, Oregon.[http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Eriophyllum+lanatum+var.+grandiflorum Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. grandiflorum]
- Eriophyllum lanatum var. hallii Constance — Fort Tejon woolly sunflower, Hall's woolly sunflower; endemic to the Tehachapi Mountains in Kern County, and Sierra Madre Mountains in Santa Barbara County, in southern California.[http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Eriophyllum+lanatum+var.+hallii Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. hallii]
- Eriophyllum lanatum var. integrifolium (Hook.) Smiley — Oregon sunshine; California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.[http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Eriophyllum+lanatum+var.+integrifolium Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. integrifolium]
- Eriophyllum lanatum var. lanatum — Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington.
- Eriophyllum lanatum var. lanceolatum (Howell) Jeps. — endemic to the Klamath Mountains, in NW California and SW Oregon.[http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Eriophyllum+lanatum+var.+lanceolatum Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. lanceolatum]
- Eriophyllum lanatum var. leucophyllum (DC.) W.R.Carter — British Columbia, Oregon, Washington.
- Eriophyllum lanatum var. obovatum (Greene) H.M.Hall — Southern Sierra woolly sunflower; endemic to the western Sierra Nevada and the San Bernardino Mountains in California.[http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Eriophyllum+lanatum+var.+obovatum Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. obovatum]
Distribution and habitat
Eriophyllum lanatum is native to western North America. It is most common across California, also growing north through Oregon into British Columbia and east through Idaho into Wyoming, and through Nevada into Utah.[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Eriophyllum%20lanatum.png Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map] This species has only been collected from Mexico once, on Guadalupe Island, and it is most likely extirpated there.{{Cite journal |last1=Rebman |first1=J. P. |last2=Gibson |first2=J. |last3=Rich |first3=K. |date=2016 |title=Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Baja California, Mexico |url=http://sdplantatlas.org/pdffiles/BajaChecklist2016.pdf |journal=San Diego Society of Natural History |volume=45 |pages=58}}
It can be found (for instance in California) in chaparral, oak woodland, mixed evergreen forest, and yellow pine forest and other conifer forests, grassland, and sagebrush scrub habitats. It commonly grows in dry, open places below {{convert|10000|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us|order=flip}} in elevation. It prefers full sun and well-drained soil, but it also grows on rocky slopes and bluffs.
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- {{cite book | author=Pink, A. | url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11892|title=Gardening for the Million| year=2004 | publisher=Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation}}
External links
{{Commons category|Eriophyllum lanatum}}
- [http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Eriophyllum+lanatum Calflora Database: Eriophyllum lanatum (Common woolly sunflower, Wooly sunflower)]
- [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=2817 Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of Eriophyllum lanatum]
- [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ERLA6 USDA Plants Profile for Eriophyllum lanatum (common woolly sunflower)]
- [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Eriophyllum+lanatum U.C. Calphotos gallery: Eriophyllum lanatum images]
- [http://www.pnwflowers.com/flower/eriophyllum-lanatum Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest: Eriophyllum lanatum] — photos, description, Northwest distribution map.
- [http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=ERLA6 Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas: Eriophyllum lanatum]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2592617}}
Category:Flora of British Columbia
Category:Flora of Guadalupe Island
Category:Flora of the Cascade Range
Category:Flora of the Great Basin
Category:Flora of the Klamath Mountains
Category:Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
Category:Flora of the Northwestern United States
Category:Flora without expected TNC conservation status
Category:Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands