Eryngium planum
{{short description|Species of flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Eryngium planum bgiu.jpg
|genus = Eryngium
|species = planum
|authority = L.
}}
Eryngium planum, the blue eryngo{{BSBI 2007 |accessdate=2014-10-17 }} or flat sea holly, is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae, native to the area that includes central and southeastern Europe and Central Asia. It is a thistle-like herbaceous perennial growing to {{convert|50|cm|0|abbr=on}} with branched silvery-blue stems, and numerous small blue conical flowerheads surrounded by spiky bracts in summer.{{cite book|title=RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants|year=2008|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|location=United Kingdom|isbn=978-1405332965|pages=1136}}
Herbal
Eryngium planum is used in European folk medicine as a diuretic, a stimulant, and an appetizer owing to its essential oils, and bioactive compounds,{{cite journal |title=Essential Oil Composition of the Different Parts and In Vitro Shoot Culture of Eryngium planum L. |first1=Barbara |last1=Thiem |first2=Małgorzata |last2=Kikowska |first3=Anna |last3=Kurowska |first4=Danuta |last4=Kalemba |journal=Molecules |volume=16 |issue=8 |year=2011 |pages=7115–7124 |doi=10.3390/molecules16087115 |pmid=25134776 |pmc=6264572 |doi-access=free }} and in this usage it may be known as Eryngii plani herba or Eryngii plani radix.
Analysis
The groups of bioactive compounds present in E. planum are phenolic acids, triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, coumarins, and essential oils.{{cite journal |title=Accumulation of rosmarinic, chlorogenic and caffeic acids in in vitro cultures of Eryngium planum L.|first1=Małgorzata |last1=Kikowska |first2=Jaromir |last2=Budzianowski |first3=Aldona |last3=Krawczyk |first4=Barbara |last4=Thiem |journal=Acta Physiol Plant |volume=34 |year=2012 |issue=6 |pages=2425–2433|doi=10.1007/s11738-012-1011-1 |s2cid=17179614 |doi-access=free }} The wide range of compounds is reflected in the wide range of uses.
Qualitative and quantitative determinations of the phenolic acids by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) show relatively small amounts of rosmarinic, chlorogenic, and caffeic acids in the basal leaves and the roots of intact plants, and greater concentrations in E. planum from in vitro cultures. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the essential oil compounds performed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector linked to a mass spectrometer (GC-FID-MS) show the main components of stalk leaf oil, and rosette leaf oil, as monoterpenes (limonene, and α- and β-pinene), sesquiterpenes, and hydrocarbons. (Z)-Falcarinol was found as the major component of root essential oil.
Gallery
References
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