Eryptosis
{{short description|Programmed death of red blood cells}}
Eryptosis (Erythrocyte apoptosis or Red blood cell programmed death) is a type of apoptosis that occurs in injured erythrocytes (RBCs) because of various factors including hyperosmolarity, oxidative stress, energy depletion, heavy metals exposure or xenobiotics. Like apoptosis, eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, activation of proteases, and phosphatidylserine exposure at the outer membrane leaflet.{{Cite journal|last1=Repsold|first1=Lisa|last2=Joubert|first2=Anna Margaretha|date=2018|title=Eryptosis: An Erythrocyte's Suicidal Type of Cell Death|journal=BioMed Research International|language=en|volume=2018|pages=1–10|doi=10.1155/2018/9405617|issn=2314-6133|pmc=5817309|pmid=29516014|doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last1=Pretorius|first1=Etheresia|last2=du Plooy|first2=Jeanette N.|last3=Bester|first3=Janette|date=2016|title=A Comprehensive Review on Eryptosis|journal=Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry|language=english|volume=39|issue=5|pages=1977–2000|doi=10.1159/000447895|pmid=27771701|issn=1015-8987|doi-access=free|hdl=2263/58594|hdl-access=free}}
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Causes
Conditions with excessive eryptosis include:{{Cite journal|last1=Lang|first1=Florian|last2=Lang|first2=Karl S.|last3=Lang|first3=Philipp A.|last4=Huber|first4=Stephan M.|last5=Wieder|first5=Thomas|date=July 2006|title=Mechanisms and Significance of Eryptosis|journal=Antioxidants & Redox Signaling|language=en|volume=8|issue=7–8|pages=1183–1192|doi=10.1089/ars.2006.8.1183|issn=1523-0864|pmid=16910766}}