Estipite

The shape of the estipite has a narrow base and the shaft is in the shape of an inverted obelisk.{{cite journal |last1=Kornegay |first1=Paula B. |title=The Altar Screens of an Anonymous Artist in Northern New Spain: The Laguna Santero |journal=Journal of the Southwest |date=1996 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=63–79 |jstor=40169967 }} This is a variation to previous uses of the pilaster which deviates from classical architecture with its form. In classical architecture, pilasters give the impression that they have a load bearing function. However, due to the obelisk shape of the estipite, this tradition is disrupted.{{cite journal |last1=Moffitt |first1=John F. |title=El Sagrario Metropolitano, Wendel Dietterlin, and the estipite: observations on Mannerism and Neoplateresque architectural style in 18th-Century Mexican ecclesiastical facades |trans-title= El Sagrario Metropolitano, Wendel Dietterlin, and the estipite: observations on Mannerism and Neoplateresque architectural style in 18th-Century Mexican ecclesiastical facades |language=es |journal=Boletín del Seminario de Estudios de Arte y Arqueología |date=1984 |issue=50 |pages=325–348 |hdl=10324/12859 |hdl-access=free }} The estipite is not supposed to look solid, instead be dynamic and create movement. Creating an apparent lightness to the structure.

Manuel Toussaint defines estipites as:

“A supporting member, square or rectangular in section, and formed of multiple elements: pyramids and truncated prisms, parallelepipeds, superimposed foliage, medallions, garlands, bouquets, festoons. The ornament is all vegetable, applied to geometric forms”.

File:Portada_Templo_de_Nuestra_Señora_del_Rosario.jpg]]

The capitals usually highlight the line of a broken cornice and are unabridged. They may be connected to another estipite by a horizontal entablature.{{Cite web |last=agustink |date=2020-05-19 |title=The California Building: A Case Of The Misunderstood Baroque And The History Of The San Diego Museum/ Museum Of Man by Richard W. Amero |url=https://www.balboaparkhistory.net/chapter9.pdf |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=balboa Park History |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021002251/https://www.balboaparkhistory.net/chapter9.pdf|archive-date=2023-10-21|url-status=live}} The capital for esiplite pilasters are typically Corinthian. There are deviations to this. For example, decorations of vegetation and cherub heads take the place of the Corinthian capital in Capilla del Sagrario for the Cathedral of Segovia by Jeronimo de Balbas.

File:Estípites_del_Templo_de_San_Francisco_Acatepec_1.jpg]]

Similar to Baroque styling with the use of double columns, the double estipites is a feature in some Churrigueresque buildings.

Estipies were utilized between Ultra-Baroque and the rise of Neo-Classical styles. Therefore, even though estipites are distinct in style, they are sometimes used alongside Solomonic and classical columns. A good example of this is San Francisco Acatepec in Puebla.

In Richard W. Amero's thesis, The California Building: A Case Of The Misunderstood Baroque, he claims that Michelangelo is the first one to use an estipite pilaster in the Laurentian Library (1526). Meanwhile, John F Moffitt states in his thesis El Sagrario Metropolitano, Wendel Dietterlin, and The Estipite that Juan de Arfe y Villafane could have been the first known person to mention the estipite. This is seen in Arfe's, Description de la traza de la custodia de la Iglesia de Sevilla (1587). Therefore, the origins of the estipite are debated among scholars.

The architect known for making estipites popular is Jose Benito de Churriguera, who has the Churrigueresque style named after him. His first works with estipites were Capilla del Sagrario for the Segovia Cathedral (1690) and Convento de San Esteban, Salamanca (1693). Jeronimo de Balbas was a Spanish architect who moved to Mexico (New Spain) in 1717, and introduced the new world to estipites. His work Retablo de los Reyes in the Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral (1718–37)  was the first building to showcase estipites in the New World. The era of estipites only lasted till 1783 with the establishment of Academia de San Carlos, an architecture school in New Spain. However, in this short period of time 1736, the completion of Retablo de los Reyes, till 1783, many buildings in New Spain (Mexico) had facades or alters with estipites. Due to the decline in popularity for the estipite pilasters, Solomonic and Classical columns were revived throughout Spain and New Spain. This led to many estipite-style monuments to be destroyed or replaced with classical columns in the last decades of the 1800s.{{cite journal |last1=Kornegay |first1=Paula B. |title=The Altar Screens of an Anonymous Artist in Northern New Spain: The Laguna Santero |journal=Journal of the Southwest |date=1996 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=63–79 |jstor=40169967 }}

File:Retablo de los Reyes en la Catedral metropolitana de la Ciudad de México 02.jpg in México]]

Small list of buildings that estipites are a design feature for.

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{{classical orders}}

{{Architecture of Spain}}

Category:Baroque architectural features

Category:Churrigueresque architecture

Category:Orders of columns

Category:Columns and entablature