Etha Fles

{{short description|Dutch artist}}

{{Infobox artist

| name = Etha Fles

| image = The painter Etha Fles in her studio in Rome (cropped).jpg

| imagesize =

| caption = Etha Fles in her studio in Rome, c. 1911

| other_names =

| birth_name = Margaretha Tekla Johanna Fles

| birth_date = {{birth date|1857|5|1|df=y}}

| birth_place = Utrecht, Netherlands

| death_date = {{death date and age|1948|1|31|1857|5|1|df=y}}

| death_place = Bergen, Netherlands

| nationality = Dutch

| education =

| field = Painting, Printmaking, Writing

| training =

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| works =

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}}

Margaretha "Etha" Tekla Johanna Fles (1857-1948) was a Dutch artist and art critic.{{cite web |title=Etha Fles |url=https://www.askart.com/artist/Etha_Fles/11031118/Etha_Fles.aspx |website=AskArt |access-date=19 April 2021}}

==Biography==

Fles was born on 1 May 1857 in Utrecht. She attended the Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten (State Academy of Fine Arts) in Amsterdam. She studied with August Allebé, {{ill|Adrianus van Everdingen|de}}, and Anton Mauve.{{cite web |title=Etha Fles |url=https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/28278 |website=RKD |access-date=19 April 2021 |language=en}} She was one of the first women admitted to the Academy along with J.H. Derkinderen-Besier, Grada Hermina Marius, and Wally Moes.{{cite web |title=Etha Fles |url=http://www.womenwriters.nl/index.php/Etha_Fles |website=WomenWriters |access-date=19 April 2021}} Fles was a member of Arti et Amicitiae, {{ill|Nederlandsche Etsclub|nl}}, the Pulchri Studio, and Vereeniging Voor de Kunst Utrecht.

After leaving Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten Fles became interested in Impressionism along with the contemporary criticism of William Morris and John Ruskin. She traveled to Paris in 1900 to represent Arti et Amicitiae at the Exposition Universelle. In Paris she met Medardo Rosso (1858-1928) an Italian sculptor with whom she maintained a friendship until his death. She was a patron and mentor, moving to Rome in 1909 to set up her own studio. She returned to the Netherlands for a few years from 1915 to 1917, returning to Italy where she stayed until 1934.{{cite web |last1=Modderkolk |first1=Linda |title=Fles, Margaretha Tekla Johanna (1857-1948) |url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Fles |website=Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland |access-date=19 April 2021 |language=Dutch |date=17 September 2019}}

She settled in Bergen where she had previously built a villa. She lived in the villa until 1943 when it was confiscated by the Germans during World War II. She then lived in a monastery in Limburg until the Liberation in 1945 when she returned to Bergen. She died there on 31 January 1948.

Her work is in the collection of the Kröller-Müller Museum,{{cite web |title=Ships at night |url=https://krollermuller.nl/en/etha-fles-ships-at-night |website=Kröller-Müller Museum |access-date=19 April 2021 |language=en}} the Rijksmuseum{{cite web |title=Etha Fles |url=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/search?p=1&ps=12&involvedMaker=Etha+Fles&st=Objects |website=Rijksmuseum |access-date=19 April 2021 |language=en}} and the Drents Museum.