Ethic of ultimate ends
{{Short description|Concept in the moral philosophy of Max Weber}}
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The ethic of ultimate ends, moral conviction, or conviction is a concept in the moral philosophy of Max Weber, in which individuals act in a faithful, rather than rational, manner.
{{quote|We must be clear about the fact that all ethically oriented conduct may be guided by one of two fundamentally differing and irreconcilably opposed maxims: conduct can be oriented to an "ethic of ultimate ends" or to an "ethic of responsibility." This is not to say that an ethic of ultimate ends is identical with irresponsibility, or that an ethic of responsibility is identical with unprincipled opportunism. Naturally, nobody says that. However, there is an abysmal contrast between conduct that follows the maxim of an ethic of ultimate ends—that, is in religious terms, "the Christian does rightly and leaves the results with the Lord"—and conduct that follows the maxim of an ethic of responsibility, in which case one has to give an account of the foreseeable results of one's action."{{cite web| url=http://fs2.american.edu/dfagel/www/class%20readings/weber/politicsasavocation.pdf | title=Politics as a Vocation}}|From Politics as a Vocation, Max Weber, 1918.Originally a speech at Munich University, 1918. Published as "Politik als Beruf," (Munich: Duncker & Humblodt, 1919). Later in Max Weber, Gesammelte Politische Schriften (Munich, 1921), 396-450. In English: H.H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills, trans. and ed., in Max Weber: Essays in Sociology (New York: Oxford University Press, 1946), 77-128.}}
The "ultimate end" is out of the hands of the actor. So long as he/she acts in a moral manner, any bad results, or negative ends, are not the responsibility of the actor and ultimately a result of God's will or other forces.{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2016 |title=The Max Weber Dictionary: Key Words and Central Concepts |publisher=Stanford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_c3Mcnh8hCgC |edition=Second |pages=122–123 |doi=10.1515/9781503600225 |isbn=978-1-5036-0022-5 |oclc=956984918 |last2=Agevall |first2=Ola |last1=Swedberg |first1=Richard|url-access=subscription }}
Applications
In science, Weber argued that the discovery of laws is not the end of scientific inquiry since they have been rendered irrational by the inductivist and deductivist approaches.{{Cite book|title=Max Weber and Charles Peirce: At the Crossroads of Science, Philosophy, and Culture|last=Koshul|first=Basit Bilal|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2014|isbn=9780739178003|location=Lanham, MD|pages=42}} The thinker held that the discovery of the causes and reason behind these laws is the ultimate goal. Ultimate end is also expressed in the realm of policymaking in the way decisions are not guided by the moral values of those who are making them. Politicians, for instance, must sometimes use extraordinary and non-moral means to achieve certain goals because an alternative method based on ethics does not often address the realities of everyday life.{{Cite book|title=Morality: An Anthropological Perspective|last=Zigon|first=Jarrett|publisher=Berg|year=2008|isbn=9781845206598|location=Oxford|pages=39|language=en}} According to Weber, politics involves constant struggle among bearers of different rationally irreconcilable values and successfully advancing any value depends not on ethics but the reality of power.{{Cite book|title=Max Weber and the Dispute over Reason and Value|last=Turner|first=Stephen P.|last2=Factor|first2=Regis A.|publisher=Routledge|year=2007|isbn=9780415402132|location=Oxon|pages=2}}
See also
References
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External links
- [http://www.ne.jp/asahi/moriyuki/abukuma/weber/lecture/politics_vocation.html Online edition of Politics as a Vocation]
{{Max Weber}}
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