Eucalyptus jacksonii

Eucalyptus jacksonii is a tree that typically grows to a height of {{convert|8|to|45|m|ft|0}} and has thick, rough, stringy and furrowed grey-brown or red-brown bark. The bases of very old, heavily buttressed trees can have a circumference up to {{convert|24|m|ft|0}}. While some references have red tingle reaching heights of up to 75m, the tallest known living tree stands at {{convert|52|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} tall.{{cite book |last1=Nicolle |first1=Dean |title=Eucalypts of Western Australia - The South-West Coast and Ranges |date=2019 |publisher=scott Print |location=WA |isbn=978-0-646-80613-6 |pages=272–3}} The crown is dense and compact, forming a heavy canopy.{{FloraBase|name=Eucalyptus jacksonii|id=5678}}{{cite book|title=Forest Trees of Australia|url=https://archive.org/details/foresttreesaustr00bola|url-access=limited|author1=Douglas J. Boland|author2=Maurice William McDonald|page=[https://archive.org/details/foresttreesaustr00bola/page/n308 276]|publisher=CSIRO publishing|year=2006|isbn=9780643069695}}{{cite web|url=http://www.fpc.wa.gov.au/node/921|title=Red Tingle Eucalyptus jacksonii|access-date=29 January 2017|publisher=Forest Products Commission}}{{cite web |last1=Chippendale |first1=George M. |title=Eucalyptus jacksonii |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Eucalyptus%20jacksonii |publisher=Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra |access-date=1 August 2019}} Young plants and coppice regrowth have broadly egg-shaped leaves that are dark green on the upper surface, paler below, {{cvt|120-170|mm}} long and {{cvt|60-100|mm}} wide. Adult leaves are arranged alternately, dark green on the upper surface, paler below, egg-shaped to lance-shaped, {{cvt|60-95|mm}} long and {{cvt|12-25|mm}} wide on a petiole {{cvt|10-20|mm}} long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on an unbranched peduncle {{cvt|8-12|mm}} long, the individual buds on pedicels {{cvt|4-6|mm}} long. Mature buds are an elongated oval, {{cvt|7-8|mm}} long and {{cvt|4-5|mm}} wide with a conical operculum. Flowering occurs between January and March and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody shortened spherical to barrel-shaped capsule {{cvt|8-11|mm}} long and {{cvt|7-10|mm}} wide on a pedicel {{cvt|2-6|mm}} long and with the valves enclosed below the level of the rim.

The trees often have shallow root systems and grow a buttressed base.{{cite web|url=http://www.gondwanalink.org/natwonders/tingle.aspx|title=The Tingle Forest|access-date=29 January 2017|publisher=Gondwanalink}}

The heartwood is deep pink to reddish brown with a green-wood density of about {{cvt|960|kg/m3}}, and air-dried density about {{cvt|770|kg/m3}}.

One specimen, known as the "Giant Tingle Tree" is a tourist attraction in the Walpole-Nornalup National Park near Walpole. Its base has been hollowed by fire and it is claimed to have the largest girth of any living eucalypt.{{cite web |title=Giant Tingle Tree |url=https://parks.dpaw.wa.gov.au/site/giant-tingle-tree |publisher=Government of Western Australia, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions |access-date=1 August 2019}}{{cite web |title=Giant Tingle Tree |url=https://www.waholidayguide.com.au/giant-tingle-tree |publisher=Holiday Guide Pty Ltd |access-date=1 August 2019}}

The red tingle is often compared to the other two species - the yellow tingle (Eucalyptus guilfoylei) and Rate's tingle (Eucalyptus brevistylis) are smaller. The red tingle is more closely related to Rate's tingle, both of which belong to the subgenus Eucalyptus.

E. jacksonii typically live for 70 years. Both red tingle and Rate's tingle, Eucalyptus brevistylis can live for up to 400 years.{{cite web|url=http://www.gondwanalink.org/natwonders/tingle.aspx|title=The Tingle Forest|access-date=28 January 2017|publisher=GondwanaLink|date=24 March 2015}}

The species was first described by the botanist Joseph Maiden in 1914 in the Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales. Eucalyptus jacksonii is named after Sidney William Jackson, an Australian naturalist and ornithologist. Jackson collected the specimens used by Maiden near the "Deep River", Nornalup Inlet and "Bow River", Irwin's Inlet.{{cite web|title=Sidney William Jackson|url=http://www.eoas.info/biogs/P000517b.htm|website=Encyclopedia of Australian Science|access-date=21 March 2015}}{{cite web|title=Eucalyptus jacksonii|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/455959|publisher=APNI|access-date=1 August 2019}}{{cite journal |last1=Maiden |first1=Joseph |title=Notes on Eucalyptus (with descriptions of a new species) no. 11 |journal=Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales |date=1914 |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=219–221 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130132#page/253/mode/1up |access-date=1 August 2019}}

The distribution of the species has been shrinking due to climate change and land clearing. They are now found primarily in Walpole-Nornalup National Park and in a few isolated sites outside the park in the Walpole area at the juncture of the South West and Great Southern regions along the south coast of Western Australia where it grows on hillsides and in gullies in loamy soils.

The trees often occur with Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) and Eucalyptus diversicolor (karri) and Corymbia calophylla (marri) trees. The red tingle also can occur with Eucalyptus guilfoylei (yellow tingle) and Eucalyptus brevistylis (Rate's tingle) and are the dominant species in the stands in which they occur.

Red Tingle is regarded as one of the six forest giants found in Western Australia; the other trees include; Corymbia calophylla (Marri), Eucalyptus diversicolor (Karri), Eucalyptus gomphocephala (Tuart), Eucalyptus marginata (Jarrah) and Eucalyptus patens (Yarri).{{cite web|url=https://australianseed.com/shop/item/eucalyptus-gomphocephala|title=Eucalyptus gomphocephala|access-date=22 August 2017|publisher=Australian Seed}}{{cite web|url=https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Eucalyptus+gomphocephala|title=Eucalyptus gomphocephala|accessdate=28 April 2023|publisher=Plants For A Future}}

The species is listed as near threatened according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature in 2019. The estimated number of mature individuals is 22200 to 42000. It has an estimated area of occupancy of {{cvt|112|km2}} an estimated extent of occurrence of {{cvt|445|km2}}. The population is stable but is severely fragmented.

Image:Valley of the Giants, Walpole June 1977.jpg|Valley of the Giants, Walpole May, 1977

Image:Valley of the Giants, Walpole Nornalup National Park 20.jpg|Tingle tree crown Walpole-Nornalup National Park

Image:Eucalytpus jacksonii buttressed base.jpg|The buttressed and burnt base of a red tingle in the Valley of the Giants

Image:Valley of the Giants, Walpole Nornalup National Park 09.jpg|Valley of the Giants, Walpole Nornalup National Park containing tingle forest

Image:Old Rusty.jpg|Old Rusty, the biggest red tingle in actual wood volume

Image:Hollow Trunk.jpg|Hollow Trunk, the largest girthed red tingle and largest in restored volume

• List of Eucalyptus species

{{Reflist|30em}}

• [http://www.fpc.wa.gov.au/content_migration/plantations/species/native_forests/red_tingle.aspx Forest Product Commission web page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614154751/http://www.fpc.wa.gov.au/content_migration/plantations/species/native_forests/red_tingle.aspx |date=2014-06-14 }}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2156438}}

Category:Trees of Australia

Category:Trees of Mediterranean climate

jacksonii

Category:Myrtales of Australia

Category:Eucalypts of Western Australia

Category:Plants described in 1913

Category:Taxa named by Joseph Maiden

Category:Endemic flora of Southwest Australia