Eucalyptus paniculata
{{Short description|Species of eucalyptus}}
{{speciesbox
|name = Grey ironbark
|image = Ironbark Chatswood.JPG
|image_caption = Habit in Chatswood
|status =
|status_system =
|genus = Eucalyptus
|species = paniculata
|authority = Sm.{{cite web |title=Eucalyptus paniculata |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/87222|website=Australian Plant Census |access-date=26 November 2019}}
|synonyms =
{{collapsible list|bullets = true
|title=
|Eucalyptus dorsiventralis Brooker, Connors & Slee MS
|Eucalyptus fergusoni R.T.Baker orth. var.
|Eucalyptus fergusonii R.T.Baker
|Eucalyptus fergusonii subsp. dorsiventralis L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill
|Eucalyptus fergusonii R.T.Baker subsp. fergusonii
|Eucalyptus nanglei R.T.Baker
|Eucalyptus paniculata subsp. matutina L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill
|Eucalyptus paniculata Sm. subsp. paniculata
|Eucalyptus paniculata Sm. var. paniculata
}}
}}
File:Eucalyptus paniculata buds.jpgFile:Starr 020203-0041 Eucalyptus paniculata.jpg
Eucalyptus paniculata, commonly known as grey ironbark,{{cite web |last1=Hill |first1=Ken |title=Eucalyptus paniculata |url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Eucalyptus~paniculata |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney |access-date=26 November 2019}} is a species of tree that is endemic to New South Wales. It has dark-coloured, deeply furrowed ironbark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven on a branched peduncle, white flowers and conical, hemispherical or cup-shaped fruit.
Description
Eucalyptus paniculata is a tree that typically grows to a height of {{cvt|30-50|m}} and forms a lignotuber. It has grey to black or brownish, deeply furrowed ironbark on the trunk and branches. Young plants and coppice regrowth have egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaves that are a lighter shade of green on the lower side, {{cvt|35-70|mm}} long and {{cvt|15-30|mm}} wide. Adult leaves are glossy green, a lighter shade on the lower side, lance-shaped to curved, {{cvt|50-180|mm}} long and {{cvt|12-30|mm}} wide, tapering to a petiole {{cvt|9-25|mm}} long. The flower buds are mostly arranged in groups of seven on a branched peduncle {{cvt|5-15|mm}} long, the individual buds on pedicels {{cvt|3-9|mm}} long. Mature buds are oval to diamond-shaped, {{cvt|5-9|mm}} long and {{cvt|4-5|mm}} wide with a conical operculum, the floral cup more or less square in cross-section. Flowering occurs in most months and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, conical, hemispherical or cup-shaped capsule {{cvt|4-8|mm}} long and wide with the valves close to rim level.{{cite web |title=Eucalyptus paniculata |url=https://apps.lucidcentral.org/euclid/text/entities/eucalyptus_paniculata.htm |publisher=Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research |access-date=30 May 2020}}{{cite web |last1=Chippendale |first1=George M. |title=Eucalyptus paniculata |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Eucalyptus%20paniculata |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra |access-date=26 November 2019}}{{cite book |last1=Brooker |first1=M. Ian H. |last2=Kleinig |first2=David A. |title=Field Guide to Eucalypts |date=1994 |publisher=Inkata Press |location=Melbourne |isbn=0909605629 |page=265}}
Taxonomy and naming
Eucalyptus paniculata was first formally described in 1797 by James Edward Smith in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London from material collected by David Burton at Port Jackson. Smith obtained the specimens from the herbarium of Joseph Banks.{{cite web|title=Eucalyptus paniculata|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/455313|publisher=APNI|access-date=26 November 2019}}{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=James Edward |title=Botanical Characters of Some Plants of the Natural Order of Myrti. |journal=Transactions of the Linnean Society of London |date=1797 |volume=3 |pages=287–288 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13713#page/314/mode/1up |access-date=26 November 2019}} The specific epithet (paniculata) is from the Latin word paniculatus meaning paniculate, referring to the arrangement of the flowers.
Distribution and habitat
Grey ironbark grows in high rainfall coastal areas from Bermagui to Bulahdelah. Previously a common tree in the inner western suburbs of Sydney. A remnant ironbark still grows in the inner city suburb of Glebe at St. Johns church.Les Robinson - Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney, {{ISBN|978-0-7318-1211-0}} page 48
Uses
A very dense timber, being 1120 kilograms per cubic metre. Heart wood is red-brown or dark brown. The timber has various uses, including railway sleepers, heavy engineering, construction, poles and cross-arms.Forest Trees of Australia, D.J. Boland et al. 1992 {{ISBN|0-909605-57-2}} page 538 Timber is difficult to plane and nail. It is slow in drying, requiring careful handling to avoid surface checking.{{Cite web|url=http://www.timber.net.au/?option=com_species&name=Grey%20Ironbark&Itemid=433|title = Timber Architecture | E-News Articles | World Best in Timber Design}} Annual wood production potential is 9 to 18 cubic metres per hectare.{{Cite web |url=http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=590 |title=View crop |access-date=2009-08-16 |archive-date=2011-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002132817/http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=590 |url-status=dead }} The timber is not susceptible to the lyctus borer.
Gallery
Eucalyptus paniculata Glebe.JPG|{{center|Remnant tree at St. Johns Church, Glebe}}
Eucalyptus paniculata01.jpg|{{center|Logs before milling}}
Eucalyptus paniculata02.jpg|{{center|Milled plank}}
Eucalyptus paniculata Keira.JPG|{{center|Bark}}
Eucalyptus paniculata00.jpg|{{center|Drawing by Margaret Flockton in Joseph Maiden's Forest Flora}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3335799}}
Category:Myrtales of Australia
Category:Flora of New South Wales