Euclid (spacecraft)

Euclid will probe the history of the expansion of the universe and the formation of cosmic structures by measuring the redshift of galaxies out to a redshift value of 2, which is equivalent to seeing 10 billion years into the past.{{Cite web|url=https://sci.esa.int/web/euclid/-/42267-science|title=ESA Science & Technology – Science Goals|website=sci.esa.int}} The link between galactic shapes and their corresponding redshift will help to show how dark energy contributes to the increased acceleration of the universe. The methods employed exploit the phenomenon of gravitational lensing, measurement of baryon acoustic oscillations, and measurement of galactic distances by spectroscopy.{{Cite web|url=https://sci.esa.int/web/euclid/-/what-are-baryonic-acoustic-oscillations-|title=ESA Science & Technology – What are baryonic acoustic oscillations?|website=sci.esa.int}}

Gravitational lensing (or gravitational shear) is the alteration of the trajectories of light rays caused by the presence of matter that locally modifies the curvature of space-time: light emitted by galaxies is deflected as it passes close to matter lying along the line of sight, distorting the resulting image. This matter is composed partly of visible galaxies but it is mostly dark matter. By measuring this {{Em|shear}}, the amount of dark matter can be inferred, furthering the understanding of how it is distributed in the universe.{{Cite web|url=https://sci.esa.int/web/euclid/-/what-is-gravitational-lensing-|title=ESA Science & Technology – What is gravitational lensing?|website=sci.esa.int}}

Spectroscopic measurements will permit measuring the redshifts of galaxies and determining their distances using Hubble's law. In this way, one can reconstruct the three-dimensional distribution of galaxies in the universe.

From these data, it is possible to simultaneously measure the statistical properties concerning the distribution of dark matter and galaxies and measure how these properties change as the spacecraft looks further back in time. Highly precise images are required to provide sufficiently accurate measurements. Any distortion inherent in the sensors must be accounted for and calibrated out, otherwise the resultant data would be of limited use.

File:Euclid Spacecraft in Cleanroom (PIA25783) (cropped).jpg

Euclid emerged from two mission concepts that were proposed in response to the ESA Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 Call for Proposals, issued in March 2007: DUNE, the Dark Universe Explorer, and SPACE, the Spectroscopic All-Sky Cosmic Explorer. Both missions proposed complementary techniques to measure the geometry of the universe, and after an assessment study phase, a combined mission resulted. The new mission concept was called Euclid, honouring the Greek mathematician Euclid of Alexandria (~300 BC), who is considered the father of geometry. In October 2011, Euclid was selected by ESA's Science Programme Committee for implementation, and on 25 June 2012 it was formally adopted.

ESA selected Thales Alenia Space's Italian division for the construction of the satellite in Turin. Euclid is 4.5 metres long with a diameter of 3.1 metres and a mass of 2 tonnes.

Meanwhile, the Euclid payload module was the responsibility of Airbus Defence and Space's French division in Toulouse. It consists of a Korsch telescope with a primary mirror 1.2 meters in diameter, which covers an area of 0.91 deg².{{Cite web|url=https://sci.esa.int/web/euclid/-/payload-module|title=ESA Science & Technology – Payload Module|website=sci.esa.int}}{{Cite web|url=https://sci.esa.int/web/euclid/-/telescope|title=ESA Science & Technology – Telescope|website=sci.esa.int}}

An international consortium of scientists, the Euclid consortium, comprising scientists from 13 European countries and the United States, provided the visible-light camera (VIS){{cite web |url=https://sci.esa.int/web/euclid/-/euclid-vis-instrument |title=Euclid VIS Instrument |publisher=ESA |date=18 October 2019 |access-date=9 July 2020}} and the near-infrared spectrometer and photometer (NISP).{{cite web |url=https://sci.esa.int/web/euclid/-/euclid-nisp-instrument |title=Euclid NISP Instrument |publisher=ESA |date=19 September 2019 |access-date=9 July 2020}} Together, they will map the 3D distribution of up to two billion galaxies spread over more than a third of the whole sky.{{cite web |url=http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Thales_Alenia_Space_kicks_off_Euclid_construction |title=Thales Alenia Space kicks off Euclid construction |website=esa.int |date=8 July 2013}} These large-format cameras will be used to characterise the morphometric, photometric, and spectroscopic properties of galaxies.

• VIS, a camera operating at visible wavelengths (530–920 nm), made of a mosaic of {{resx|6|6}} e2v charge coupled detectors, containing 600 million pixels, allows measurement of the deformation of galaxies{{Cite web|url=https://sci.esa.int/web/euclid/-/euclid-vis-instrument|title=ESA Science & Technology – Euclid VIS instrument|website=sci.esa.int}}
• NISP, a camera composed of a mosaic of 4 × 4 Teledyne H2RG detectors sensitive to near-infrared light radiation (920–2020 nm) with 65 million pixels, is designed for the following:

1. provide low-precision measurements of redshifts, and thus distances, of over a billion galaxies from multi-color (3-filter (Y, J and H)) photometry (photometric redshift technique); and
2. use a slitless spectrometer to analyse the spectrum of light in near-infrared (920–1850 nm), to acquire precise redshifts and distances of millions of galaxies with an accuracy 10 times better than photometric redshifts, and to determine the baryon acoustic oscillations.{{Cite web|url=https://sci.esa.int/web/euclid/-/euclid-nisp-instrument|title=ESA Science & Technology – Euclid NISP instrument|website=sci.esa.int}}

File:Euclid spacecraft ESA24912474.jpg

File:Euclid’s_sunny_side_ESA24912429.jpg

The telescope bus includes solar panels that provide power and stabilise the orientation and pointing of the telescope to better than 35 milliarcseconds (170 nrad). The telescope is insulated to ensure good thermal stability so as to not disturb the optical alignment.{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}

The telecommunications system is capable of transferring 850 gigabits per day. It uses the Ka band and CCSDS File Delivery Protocol to send scientific data at a rate of 55 megabits per second for 4 hours per day to the 35 m dish Cebreros ground station in Spain, when the telescope is above the horizon. Euclid has an onboard storage capacity of 4 terabits (500 GB).{{cite web |title=Euclid launch kit |url=https://esamultimedia.esa.int/docs/science/Euclid-LaunchKit.pdf |website=European Space Agency |page=7 |access-date=24 May 2024}}

The service module (SVM) hosts most of the spacecraft subsystems:{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}

• TT&C – Telemetry and Telecommand
• AOCS – Attitude Orbit Control System
• CDMS – Central Data Management System
• EPS – Electrical Power System
• RCS – Reaction Control System
• MPS – Micro-Propulsion System

AOCS provides stable pointing with a dispersion beneath 35 milli-arcseconds per visual exposure. A high thermal stability is required to protect the telescope assembly from optical misalignments at those accuracies.{{Cite web|url=https://sci.esa.int/web/euclid/-/service-module|title=ESA Science & Technology – Service Module|website=sci.esa.int}}

NASA signed a memorandum of understanding with ESA on 24 January 2013 describing its participation in the mission. NASA provided 20 detectors for the near-infrared band instrument, which operate in parallel with a camera in the visible-light band. The instruments, the telescope, and the satellite were built-in and are operated from Europe. NASA has also appointed 40 American scientists to be part of the Euclid consortium, which developed the instruments and analyse the data generated by the mission. Currently, this consortium brings together more than 1000 scientists from 13 European countries and the United States.{{cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/Space_in_Member_States/Spain/La_NASA_participara_en_la_mision_de_la_ESA_para_estudiar_el_lado_oscuro_del_Universo|title=La NASA participará en la misión de la ESA para estudiar el lado oscuro del Universo|website=esa.int|language=es|date=24 January 2013}}

In 2015, Euclid passed a preliminary design review, having completed a large number of technical designs as well as built and tested key components.{{cite web |url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Euclid_dark_Universe_mission_ready_to_take_shape|title=Euclid dark Universe mission ready to take shape|publisher=ESA|date=17 December 2015|access-date=17 December 2015}} In December 2018, Euclid passed its critical design review, which validated the overall spacecraft design and mission architecture plan, and final spacecraft assembly was allowed to commence.{{cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Arianespace_and_ESA_announce_the_Euclid_satellite_s_launch_contract_for_dark_energy_exploration|title=Arianespace and ESA announce the Euclid satellite's launch contract for dark energy exploration|website=esa.int|date=7 January 2020}} In July 2020, the two instruments (visible and NIR) were delivered to Airbus, Toulouse, France for integration with the spacecraft.{{Cite web|url=https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/The_Euclid_space_telescope_is_coming_together_999.html|title=The Euclid space telescope is coming together|website=Space Daily}}

After Russia withdrew in 2022 from the Soyuz-planned launch of Euclid, the ESA reassigned it to a SpaceX Falcon 9 launch vehicle, which launched on 1 July 2023 from Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 40.{{Citation |title=ESA Euclid Mission | date=July 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NIwvwYVUuxg |access-date=1 July 2023 |language=en}}

File:L2 rendering.jpg

Following a travel time of 30 days after launch, it began to orbit the Sun-Earth Lagrangian point L2 in an eclipse-free halo orbit about 1 million km wide.

Upon receiving the initial images, a problem surfaced as scientists discovered a small gap in the spacecraft's hull. This gap allowed sunlight to infiltrate the imaging sensor, resulting in a degradation of image quality.{{Cite web |last=Quach |first=Katyanna |title=ESA's Euclid telescope beams back first test images |url=https://www.theregister.com/2023/08/02/euclid_telescope_test_images/ |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=www.theregister.com |language=en}} To tackle this issue, the team adjusted the spacecraft's orientation by a few degrees, effectively blocking sunlight from entering the identified gap. This corrective measure resolved the problem.{{Cite web |last=Sullivan |first=Will |title=See the First Stunning Test Images From the Euclid Space Telescope |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/see-the-first-stunning-test-images-from-the-euclid-space-telescope-180982635/ |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}

In May 2024 the Early Release Observations (ERO) was the first published data release.{{Cite web |title=Timeline – Euclid – Cosmos |url=https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/euclid/timeline |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=Euclid |language=en-GB}} This release contains images and catalogs of star-forming regions, globular clusters, nearby galaxies, fields of the Fornax cluster and Perseus cluster, as well as more distant galaxy clusters.{{Cite web |title=Euclid Early Release Observations |url=https://euclid.esac.esa.int/dr/ero/ |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=euclid.esac.esa.int}} The content of the ERO is described in one paper submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics. The researchers use a pipeline that can process the images in two ways: optimized for point-sources or optimized for extended sources.{{Cite arxiv |eprint=2405.13496 |class=astro-ph |first=J. -C. |last=Cuillandre |first2=E. |last2=Bertin |title=Euclid: Early Release Observations – Programme overview and pipeline for compact- and diffuse-emission photometry |date=2024-05-01 |last3=Bolzonella |first3=M. |last4=Bouy |first4=H. |last5=Gwyn |first5=S. |last6=Isani |first6=S. |last7=Kluge |first7=M. |last8=Lai |first8=O. |last9=Lançon |first9=A.}} A series of papers describe first results from ERO. These include free-floating planetary-mass objects discovered in the Sigma Orionis cluster,{{Cite arxiv |eprint=2405.13497 |class=astro-ph |first=E. L. |last=Martín |first2=M. |last2={Ž}erjal |title=Euclid: Early Release Observations – A glance at free-floating new-born planets in the sigma Orionis cluster |date=2024-05-01 |last3=Bouy |first3=H. |last4=Martin-Gonzalez |first4=D. |last5=Mu{ň}oz Torres |first5=S. |last6=Barrado |first6=D. |last7=Olivares |first7=J. |last8=Pérez-Garrido |first8=A. |last9=Mas-Buitrago |first9=P.}} discovery of new gravitational lenses,{{Cite arxiv |eprint=2408.06217 |class=astro-ph |last=Acevedo Barroso |first=J. A. |title=Euclid: The Early Release Observations Lens Search Experiment |date=2024-08-01 |last2=O'Riordan |first2=C. M. |last3=Clément |first3=B. |last4=Tortora |first4=C. |last5=Collett |first5=T. E. |last6=Courbin |first6=F. |last7=Gavazzi |first7=R. |last8=Metcalf |first8=R. B. |last9=Busillo |first9=V.}} and the discovery of a dwarf satellite galaxy around NGC 6744.{{Cite arxiv |eprint=2405.13499 |class=astro-ph |first=L. K. |last=Hunt |first2=F. |last2=Annibali |title=Euclid: Early Release Observations – Deep anatomy of nearby galaxies |date=2024-05-01 |last3=Cuillandre |first3=J. -C. |last4=Ferguson |first4=A. M. N. |last5=Jablonka |first5=P. |last6=Larsen |first6=S. S. |last7=Marleau |first7=F. R. |last8=Schinnerer |first8=E. |last9=Schirmer |first9=M.}}

The Quick Euclid data release 1 (Q1) went live on 19th March 2025. Three deep fields can be explored on ESASky, a web-based tool.{{cite web

| url = https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Euclid/Euclid_opens_data_treasure_trove_offers_glimpse_of_deep_fields

| title = Euclid opens data treasure trove, offers glimpse of deep fields

| website = European Space Agency

| publisher = ESA

| access-date = 19 March 2025

}} The data products can be accessed via the Euclid Science Archive, hosted at ESAC or via IRSA.{{Cite web |title=Euclid Science Archive |url=https://eas.esac.esa.int/sas/#search |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=eas.esac.esa.int}}{{Cite web |title=IRSA - Euclid |url=https://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/Missions/euclid.html |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=irsa.ipac.caltech.edu}} Q1 compromises of Euclid Deep Field North (EDF-N), Euclid Deep Field South (EDF-S), and Euclid Deep Field Fornax (EDF-F). These deep fields cover an area of 63.1 square degree. EDF-F is centered the same region as the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS). Euclid will continue to observe these deep fields until DR3, which will be 2 mag deeper than the Euclid Wide Survey. Additionally Q1 includes an 0.5 square degree observation of LDN 1641 in the Orion A Cloud.{{Cite arXiv |arxiv=2503.15302}}

A future data release is the Data Release 1 (DR1), planned for 21st October 2026.

File:Euclid begins its dark Universe survey ESA25479326.jpg

During its nominal mission, which will last at least six years, Euclid will observe about 15,000 deg² (4.6 sr), about a third of the sky, focusing on the extragalactic sky (the sky facing away from the Milky Way). It will generate approximately 100 gigabytes of compressed data per day throughout its six-year mission.{{Cite web |title=Euclid calling: downloading the Universe |url=https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/Euclid_calling_downloading_the_Universe |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=www.esa.int |language=en}} The survey will be complemented by additional observations of three deep fields to 5 times the signal-to-noise of the wide survey; the deep fields cover 50 deg² (15.2 msr).{{cite web|title=Three Dark Fields for Euclid's Deep Survey|date=12 June 2019|url=https://sci.esa.int/web/euclid/-/61403-three-dark-fields-for-euclid-deep-survey|publisher=ESA|access-date=11 December 2022}} The three fields will be regularly visited during the duration of the mission. They will be used as calibration fields and to monitor the telescope and instrument performance stability as well as to produce scientific data by observing the most distant galaxies and quasars in the universe.{{Cite web|title=Surveys|url=https://www.euclid-ec.org/public/data/surveys|access-date=5 August 2023|website=Euclid Consortium}} Two of the deep fields will overlap with deep fields of existing surveys{{cite web|title=Three Dark Fields for Euclid's Deep Survey|date=12 June 2019|url=https://sci.esa.int/web/euclid/-/61403-three-dark-fields-for-euclid-deep-survey|publisher=ESA|access-date=8 January 2024}} and the third deep field is proposed as a location for one of the LSST deep drilling fields at the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.{{Cite web|title=SCOC endorsement of Euclid Deep Field South observations|date=23 March 2022|url=https://community.lsst.org/t/scoc-endorsement-of-euclid-deep-field-south-observations/6406|access-date=8 January 2024|website=Vera C. Rubin Observatory}}

To measure a photometric redshift for each galaxy with sufficient accuracy, the Euclid mission depends on additional photometric data obtained in at least four filters at optical wavelengths. This data will be obtained from ground-based telescopes located in northern and southern hemispheres to cover the full 15,000 deg² of the mission.{{cite book | arxiv=1610.05508 | doi=10.1117/12.2230762 | chapter=The Euclid mission design | title=Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave | year=2016 | editor-last1=MacEwen | editor-last2=Fazio | editor-last3=Lystrup | editor-last4=Batalha | editor-last5=Siegler | editor-last6=Tong | editor-first1=Howard A. | editor-first2=Giovanni G. | editor-first3=Makenzie | editor-first4=Natalie | editor-first5=Nicholas | editor-first6=Edward C. | last1=Racca | first1=Giuseppe D. | last2=Laureijs | first2=René | last3=Stagnaro | first3=Luca | last4=Salvignol | first4=Jean-Christophe | last5=Lorenzo Alvarez | first5=José | last6=Saavedra Criado | first6=Gonzalo | last7=Gaspar Venancio | first7=Luis | last8=Short | first8=Alex | last9=Strada | first9=Paolo | last10=Bönke | first10=Tobias | last11=Colombo | first11=Cyril | last12=Calvi | first12=Adriano | last13=Maiorano | first13=Elena | last14=Piersanti | first14=Osvaldo | last15=Prezelus | first15=Sylvain | last16=Rosato | first16=Pierluigi | last17=Pinel | first17=Jacques | last18=Rozemeijer | first18=Hans | last19=Lesna | first19=Valentina | last20=Musi | first20=Paolo | last21=Sias | first21=Marco | last22=Anselmi | first22=Alberto | last23=Cazaubiel | first23=Vincent | last24=Vaillon | first24=Ludovic | last25=Mellier | first25=Yannick | last26=Amiaux | first26=Jérôme | last27=Berthé | first27=Michel | last28=Sauvage | first28=Marc | last29=Azzollini | first29=Ruyman | last30=Cropper | first30=Mark | volume=9904 | pages=99040O | s2cid=118513194 | display-authors=1 }}{{cite book | chapter-url=https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/pdf/10.2514/6.2018-2433 | doi=10.2514/6.2018-2433 | chapter=Euclid Science Ground Segment (SGS) Processing Operations Concept | title=2018 SpaceOps Conference | year=2018 | last1=Poncet | first1=Maurice | last2=Dabin | first2=Christophe | last3=Buenadicha | first3=Guillermo | last4=Hoar | first4=John | last5=Zacchei | first5=Andrea | last6=Sauvage | first6=Marc | isbn=978-1-62410-562-3 }} In total each galaxy of the Euclid mission will get photometric information in at least seven different filters covering the range 460–2000 nm.{{cite web | url=https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/euclid | title=Euclid – Mapping the Geometry of the Dark Universe Mission }}

About 10 billion astronomical sources will be observed by Euclid, of which one billion will be used for weak lensing (to have their gravitational shear measured) with a precision 50 times more accurate than was previously possible using ground-based telescopes. Euclid measures spectroscopic redshifts for at least 30 million objects to study galaxy clustering.

The scientific exploitation of this data set will be carried out by a European-led consortium of more than 1200 people in over 100 laboratories in 18 countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, UK, Canada, US, and Japan).{{cite web |title=About the Euclid Consortium and membership |url=https://www.euclid-ec.org/consortium/about-ec/ |website=Euclid Consortium |access-date=3 July 2023 |date=15 April 2023}} The Euclid Consortium{{Cite web|url=https://www.euclid-ec.org/|title=Euclid Consortium – A space mission to map the Dark Universe}} is also responsible for the construction of the Euclid instrument payload and for the development and implementation of the Euclid ground segment which will process all data collected by the satellite. The laboratories contributing to the Euclid Consortium are funded and supported by their national space agencies, which also have the programmatic responsibilities of their national contribution, and by their national research structures (research agencies, observatories, universities). Overall, the Euclid Consortium contribute about 25% of the total budget cost of the mission until completion.{{cite web | url=https://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1206/20euclid/ | title=Spaceflight Now | Breaking News | ESA's Euclid mission cleared to proceed into development }}

The huge volume, diversity (space and ground, visible and near-infrared, morphometry, photometry, and spectroscopy) and the level of precision of measurements demanded considerable care and effort in the data processing, making this a critical part of the mission. ESA, the national agencies and the Euclid Consortium are spending considerable resources to set up teams of researchers and engineers in algorithm development, software development, testing and validation procedures, data archiving and data distribution infrastructures. In total, nine Science Data Centres spread over countries of the Euclid Consortium will process more than 170 petabytes of raw input images over at least 6 years to deliver data products (images, catalogues spectra) in three main public data releases in the Science Archive System of the Euclid mission to the scientific community.{{cite web | url=https://reportdome.com/panoramic-information-euclid-space-telescope-unveiling-the-secrets-of-the-dark-universe-day-03-07-2023 | title=Panoramic Information Euclid Space Telescope: Unveiling the Secrets of the Dark Universe day 03/07/2023 – Reportdome | date=3 July 2023 | access-date=7 July 2023 | archive-date=21 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721175338/https://reportdome.com/panoramic-information-euclid-space-telescope-unveiling-the-secrets-of-the-dark-universe-day-03-07-2023 | url-status=dead }}

With its wide sky coverage and its catalogues of billions of stars and galaxies, the scientific value of data collected by the mission goes beyond the scope of cosmology. This database will provide the worldwide astronomical community with sources and targets for the James Webb Space Telescope and Atacama Large Millimeter Array, as well as future missions such as the Extremely Large Telescope, Thirty Meter Telescope, Square Kilometer Array, and the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.{{Cite web|url=https://sci.esa.int/web/euclid/-/legacy-science-beyond-cosmology|title=ESA Science & Technology – Legacy science (beyond cosmology)|website=sci.esa.int}}

{{multiple image

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| header = Animation of Euclid

| image1 = Animation of Euclid around Earth.gif

| caption1 = Around the Earth

| image2 = Animation of Euclid around Sun - Frame rotating with Earth - Top view.gif

| caption2 = Around the Sun – Frame rotating with Earth – Top view

| image3 = Animation of Euclid around Sun - Frame rotating with Earth - Viewed from Sun.gif

| caption3 = Around the Sun – Frame rotating with Earth – Viewed from the Sun

| footer = {{legend2|Magenta|Euclid}}{{·}}{{legend2| RoyalBlue| Earth}}{{·}}{{legend2|Cyan| Sun-Earth L2}}

}}

File:How_Euclid_scans_the_sky_ESA24913466.jpg|Euclid scans across the night sky using a "step-and-stare" method, combining separate measurements to form the largest cosmological survey ever conducted in the visible and near-infrared.

File:Early commissioning test image VIS instrument (1).png|Early commissioning test image VIS instrument

File:Early commissioning test image NISP instrument (1).png|Early commissioning test image NISP instrument

File:Early commissioning test image NISP instrument grism mode.png|Early commissioning test image NISP instrument grism mode

Source:{{cite web |title=Euclid test images tease of riches to come |url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Euclid/Euclid_test_images_tease_of_riches_to_come |website=www.esa.int |access-date=31 July 2023 |language=en}}

File:Euclid’s view of the Horsehead Nebula ESA25170866.tiff|Euclid{{'}}s view of the Horsehead Nebula.

File:Euclid’s view of the Perseus cluster of galaxies ESA25170535.jpg|Euclid{{'}}s view of the Perseus cluster of galaxies.

File:Euclid’s new image of galaxy cluster Abell 2390 ESA497230.jpg|Euclid{{'}}s view of galaxy cluster Abell 2390.

File:Euclid’s new image of spiral galaxy NGC 6744 ESA497254.jpg|Euclid{{'}}s view of spiral galaxy NGC 6744.

File:Euclid’s new view of galaxy cluster Abell 2764 ESA497269.jpg|Euclid{{'}}s view of galaxy cluster Abell 2764.

File:Euclid’s new image of star-forming region Messier 78 ESA497237.jpg|Euclid{{'}}s view of star-forming region Messier 78.

File:Euclid’s_mosaic_explained_ESA502306.jpg|The mosaic and zoomed in images released by ESA’s Euclid mission on 15 October 2024{{cite web |title=Zoom into the first page of ESA Euclid's great cosmic atlas |url=https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Euclid/Zoom_into_the_first_page_of_ESA_Euclid_s_great_cosmic_atlas |website=www.esa.int |access-date=22 October 2024 |language=en}}

File:Barnard 30 Euclid complete.jpg|Barnard 30 with Euclid

File:Euclid image of a bright Einstein ring around galaxy NGC 6505.jpg|The galaxy NGC 6505 with an Einstein ring in its centre, which was discovered with Euclid.

File:Euclid Deep Field South 16x zoom.jpg|This image shows an area of Euclid’s Deep Field South. The area is zoomed in 16 times compared to the large mosaic.

{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

• [http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=42266 Euclid homepage]
• [https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/euclid Euclid article on eoPortal by ESA]

Euclid Deep Fields from the Quick Data Release 1 (Q1) that can be explored on ESASky:

• [https://sky.esa.int/esasky/?hide_welcome=true&hide_banner_info=true&hips=DES-DR2+ColorIRG&sci=false&layout=esasky&euclid_image=EDFS Euclid Deep Field South]
• [https://sky.esa.int/esasky/?hide_welcome=true&hide_banner_info=true&hips=PanSTARRS+DR1+color+(i%2C+r%2C+g)&sci=false&layout=esasky&euclid_image=EDFF Euclid Deep Field Fornax]
• [https://sky.esa.int/esasky/?hide_welcome=true&hide_banner_info=true&hips=PanSTARRS+DR1+color+(i%2C+r%2C+g)&sci=false&layout=esasky&euclid_image=EDFN Euclid Deep Field North]

{{European Space Agency}}

{{Space observatories}}

{{Orbital launches in 2023}}

Category:European Space Agency space probes

Category:Space telescopes

Category:Spacecraft launched in 2023

Category:Infrared telescopes

Category:Cosmic Vision

Category:Dark energy

Category:Dark matter