Eugen Chirnoagă

{{Short description|Romanian chemist (1891–1965)}}

{{Infobox scientist

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| name = Eugen Chirnoagă

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| birth_date = {{birth date |1891|03|28}}

| birth_place = Poduri, Bacău County, Kingdom of Romania

| death_date = {{death date and age |1965|06|14 |1891|03|28}}

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| nationality = Romanian

| fields = Chemistry

| workplaces = Politehnica University of Bucharest

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| alma_mater = University of Bucharest
University of London

| thesis_title = Catalytic decomposition of hypochlorite solutions by finely divided metallic oxides

| thesis_url = https://www.proquest.com/docview/301141958

| thesis_year = 1925

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| spouse = Eugenia Chirnoagă

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| children = Marcel Chirnoagă

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Eugen Chirnoagă (24 March 1891–June 14, 1965) was a Romanian chemist.

Chirnoagă was born in 1891 in Poduri, Bacău County, one of eight children of Gheorghe Chirnoagă, a teacher, and his wife, Olimpia; one of his brothers, Platon Chirnoagă, became a general in World War II.

A graduate of the Physics and Chemistry Faculty of the University of Bucharest, he followed up his undergraduate education with three years of study at the University of London that led to a doctorate in 1925. In 1926 he went to study the colloid chemistry of proteins with Nobel laureate Theodor Svedberg at Uppsala University.{{cite book | last=Semenza | first=Giorgio | title=Selected Topics in the History of Biochemistry: Personal Recollections, Part I | publisher=Elsevier | location=Amsterdam Oxford | year=2012 | isbn=9780444598202 | page=246|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fac7AAAAQBAJ&q=Eugen+Chirnoagă&pg=PA246}} At his Nobel lecture in 1927, Svedberg mentioned Chirnoagă's contribution to the development of the ultracentrifuge.{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/svedberg-lecture.pdf|last=Svedberg | first=The| authorlink=Theodor Svedberg|date=19 May 1927|title=The ultracentrifuge|page=81|access-date=25 April 2020}}

After returning to Romania, he became a professor at the Bucharest Polytechnic.{{in lang|ro}} Lucian Nastasă, [http://www.history-cluj.ro/Istorie/cercet/Nastasa/ItinerariiLumeaSavanta.pdf Itinerarii spre lumea savantă. Tineri din spațiul românesc la studii în străinătate, 1864-1944], p.318. Editura Limes, Cluj-Napoca, 2006, {{ISBN|978-973-72618-30}} He was elected corresponding member of the Romanian Academy of Sciences (Chemistry section) on 21 December 1935, and became titular member on 3 June 1941.{{Cite web |url=http://www.aos.ro/site_mod_eng/2010/Primapagina/membriASR.pdf |title=List of Members of the Romanian Academy of Sciences in 1943 |access-date=2020-04-25 |archive-date=2014-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306173419/http://www.aos.ro/site_mod_eng/2010/Primapagina/membriASR.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}

A prominent member of the Iron Guard,{{in lang|ro}} [http://www.physics.pub.ro/NOU/Directorii_si_Rectorii_scolilor_de_inginerie.htm "Directorii și rectorii"], at the Politehnica University of Bucharest Physics Department site his term as rector of the Polytechnic roughly coincided with the time the Guard spent in power under the National Legionary State: October 9, 1940 to January 27, 1941.{{in lang|ro}} [http://www.physics.pub.ro/Scurt_istoric_Departament_Fizica.pdf "Scurt istoric al departamentului de fizică de la Universitatea 'Politehnica' din București"], p.12, at the Politehnica University of Bucharest Physics Department site During this period, one committee, led by University of Bucharest rector Petre P. Panaitescu, examined the views of professors nationwide, its objective being the firing of those with anti-Nazi views. A similar committee, led by Chirnoagă, targeted the staff of specialized universities.{{in lang|ro}} Veronica Turcuṣ, Șerban Turcuș, [http://www.historica-cluj.ro/anuare/AnuarHistorica2013/17.pdf "România Legionară și impactul asupra instituțiilor de cultură. Studiu de caz – Accademia di Romania din Roma"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714182009/http://www.historica-cluj.ro/anuare/AnuarHistorica2013/17.pdf |date=2014-07-14 }}, p.265, in Anuarul Institutului de Istorie «George Barițiu» din Cluj-Napoca, vol. LII, 2013, p. 261–284 Upon the outbreak of the Legionnaires' rebellion that would end with the Guard's fall from power, its leader Horia Sima sent Panaitescu and Chirnoagă to negotiate with Conducător Ion Antonescu. The latter showed himself open to concessions, which led Sima to formulate demands he found unacceptable.Aurică Simion, Regimul politic din România în perioada septembrie 1940-ianuarie 1941, p.256. Editura Dacia, Bucharest, 1976 After the Coup of August 1944 and the fall of Antonescu, a purging committee was set up at the Polytechnic in the autumn of 1944. The following May, this committee removed Chirnoagă from his position as professor.

Upon his death in 1965, he was cremated.{{cite web|url=http://www.incinerareamurg.ro/romani-celebri-care-au-fost-incinerati|title=Români celebri care au fost incinerați|website=incinerareamurg.ro|language=ro|access-date=25 April 2020}} His wife, Eugenia Chirnoagă, was also a chemist; his son, {{ill|Marcel Chirnoagă|ro}}, became a painter and engraver.