Eulipotyphla

Historically, these animals were grouped with others such as treeshrews, elephant shrews, and colugos, under the broader category Insectivora, comprising all small insect-eating placental mammals. Wilhelm Peters identified two sub-groups of Insectivora, distinguished by the presence or absence of a cecum in the large intestine.{{cite journal |last1=Douady |first1=C. J. |last2=Chatelier |first2=P. I. |last3=Madsen |first3=O. |last4=de Jong |first4=W. W. |last5=Catzeflis |first5=F. |last6=Springer |first6=M. S. |last7=Stanhope |first7=M. J. |date=October 2002 |title=Molecular phylogenetic evidence confirming the Eulipotyphla concept and in support of hedgehogs as the sister group to shrews |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=200–209 |doi=10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00232-4 |pmid=12383761}} In his 1866 Generelle morphologie der organismen, Ernst Haeckel named these groups Menotyphla and Lipotyphla, respectively from μένω ("remain")/λείπω ("lack" or "leave behind") + τυφλὸν literally "blind", as in τυφλὸν ἔντερον ("blind intestine", from which the Latin intestinum caecum derives as a calque).{{Cite web |title=caecum {{!}} Etymology of caecum by etymonline |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/caecum |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=www.etymonline.com |language=en}}

Since the late 1990s, molecular studies have produced evidence that the Lipotyphla are not a monophyletic group. This led to tenrecs, otter shrews, and golden moles being placed a new order (Afrosoricida, in the superorder Afrotheria), with the remaining members of Lipotyphla being reclassified as Eulipotyphla.{{cite journal |last1=Roca |first1=A. L. |last2=Bar-Gal |first2=G. K. |last3=Eizirik |first3=E. |last4=Helgen |first4=K. M. |last5=Maria |first5=R. |last6=Springer |first6=M. S. |last7=O'Brien |first7=S. J. |last8=Murphy |first8=W. J. |date=2004-06-10 |title=Mesozoic origin for West Indian insectivores |journal=Nature |volume=429 |issue=6992 |pages=649–651 |bibcode=2004Natur.429..649R |doi=10.1038/nature02597 |pmid=15190349 |s2cid=915633}}{{cite journal |last1=Bininda-Emonds |first1=O. R. P. |last2=Cardillo |first2=M. |last3=Jones |first3=K. E. |last4=MacPhee |first4=R. D. E. |last5=Beck |first5=R. M. D. |last6=Grenyer |first6=R. |last7=Price |first7=S. A. |last8=Vos |first8=R. A. |last9=Gittleman |first9=J. L. |last10=Purvis |first10=A. |date=2007-03-29 |title=The delayed rise of present-day mammals |journal=Nature |volume=446 |issue=7135 |pages=507–512 |bibcode=2007Natur.446..507B |doi=10.1038/nature05634 |pmid=17392779 |s2cid=4314965}}

A 2023 study suggested that the order began to diversify prior to the K-Pg extinction, based on molecular clock estimates.{{Cite journal |last1=Foley |first1=Nicole M. |last2=Mason |first2=Victor C. |last3=Harris |first3=Andrew J. |last4=Bredemeyer |first4=Kevin R. |last5=Damas |first5=Joana |last6=Lewin |first6=Harris A. |last7=Eizirik |first7=Eduardo |last8=Gatesy |first8=John |last9=Karlsson |first9=Elinor K. |last10=Lindblad-Toh |first10=Kerstin |last11=Zoonomia Consortium‡ |last12=Springer |first12=Mark S. |last13=Murphy |first13=William J. |last14=Andrews |first14=Gregory |last15=Armstrong |first15=Joel C. |date=2023-04-28 |title=A genomic timescale for placental mammal evolution |journal=Science |language=en |volume=380 |issue=6643 |pages=eabl8189 |doi=10.1126/science.abl8189 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=10233747 |pmid=37104581}}

{{further|List of eulipotyphlans}}

File:Talpa europaea MHNT.jpg (Talpidae)]]

File:Erinaceus europaeus (Linnaeus, 1758).jpg (Erinaceidae)]]

File:Sorex-araneus.jpg (Soricidae)]]

File:Hispaniolan Solenodon crop.jpg (Solenodontidae); solenodons are estimated to have diverged from other extant eulipotyphlans in the Late Cretaceous.{{cite web |url=http://www.sci-news.com/genetics/solenodon-genome-05825.html |title=Solenodon Genome Sequenced |last=de Lazaro |first= Enrico |date=19 March 2018 |website=Sci-News.com |access-date=2019-06-23 }}{{cite journal |last1=Grigorev |first1=K. |last2=Kliver |first2=S.|last3=Dobrynin |first3=P.

|last4=Komissarov |first4=A. |last5=Wolfsberger |first5=W. |last6=Krasheninnikova |first6=K.

|last7=Afanador-Hernández |first7=Y. M. |last8= Brandt |first8=A. L. |last9=Paulino |first9=L. A.

|last10=Carreras |first10=R. |last11=Rodríguez |first11=L. E. |last12=Núñez |first12=A.

|last13=Brandt |first13=J. R. |last14=Silva |first14=F. |last15=Hernández-Martich |first15=J. D.

|last16=Majeske |first16=A. J. |last17=Antunes |first17=A. |last18=Roca |first18=A. L.

|last19=O'Brien |first19=S. J. |last20=Martínez-Cruzado |first20=J. C. |last21=Oleksyk |first21=T. K.

|title=Innovative assembly strategy contributes to understanding the evolution and conservation genetics of the endangered Solenodon paradoxus from the island of Hispaniola |journal= GigaScience |volume=7 |issue=6 |year=2018 |pages=giy025 |doi=10.1093/gigascience/giy025 |pmid=29718205 |pmc=6009670

}}]]

• Order Eulipotyphla (= 'Lipotyphla' - Afrosoricida = 'Erinaceomorpha' + 'Soricomorpha')
• Family Erinaceidae{{cite journal|last1= Kim|first1=N.H.|last2= Lim|first2=S.J.|last3= Chae|first3=H.M.|last4= Park|first4=Y.C.|title= Complete mitochondrial genome of the Amur hedgehog Erinaceus amurensis (Erinaceidae) and higher phylogeny of the family Erinaceidae |journal= Genetics and Molecular Research |volume= 16|issue= 1|year= 2017|doi= 10.4238/gmr16019300|pmid=28198504|doi-access= free}}
• Subfamily Erinaceinae: hedgehogs
• Subfamily Galericinae: gymnures or moonrats
• Family Soricidae{{cite journal|last1= Dubey|first1=S.|last2= Salamin|first2=N.|last3= Ohdachi|first3=S.D.|last4= Barrière|first4=P.|last5= Vogel|first5=P.|title= Molecular phylogenetics of shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) reveal timing of transcontinental colonizations |journal= Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume= 44|issue= 1|year= 2007|pages= 126–137|doi= 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.12.002|pmid=17267241|s2cid=3136125 |url=https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_56F2651B0411}}
• Subfamily Crocidurinae: white-toothed shrews
• Subfamily Soricinae: red-toothed shrews
• Subfamily Myosoricinae: African white-toothed shrews
• Family Talpidae{{cite journal|last1= He|first1=K.|last2= Shinohara|first2=A.|last3= Helgen|first3=K.M.|last4= Springer|first4=M.S.|last5= Jiang|first5=X.-L.|last6= Campbell|first6=K.L.|title= Talpid Mole Phylogeny Unites Shrew Moles and Illuminates Overlooked Cryptic Species Diversity |journal= Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume= 34|issue= 1|year= 2017|pages= 78–87|doi= 10.1093/molbev/msw221|pmid=27795230|doi-access= free}}
• Subfamily Talpinae: Old World moles and desmans
• Subfamily Scalopinae: New World moles
• Subfamily Uropsilinae: shrew-like moles
• Family Solenodontidae: solenodons
• † Family Nesophontidae: extinct West Indian shrews
• † Family Amphilemuridae
• † Family Nyctitheriidae
• † Family Plesiosoricidae

Family-level cladogram of modern eulipotyphlan relationships, following Roca et al. and Brace et al.:

{{clade

|{{clade

|1 = {{clade

|1 = †Nesophontidae 60 px

|2 = Solenodontidae 90 px

}}

|2 = {{clade

|1 = Talpidae 60 px

|2 = {{clade

|1 = Soricidae 60 px

|2 = Erinaceidae 60 px

}}

}}

}}|label1 =Eulipotyphla

}}

The upper and lower basal subclades within the tree are the suborders Solenodonota and Erinaceota, respectively. These two branches are estimated to have split ~72–74 million years (Ma) ago.{{cite journal|last1= Brace|first1= S.|last2= Thomas|first2=J. A.|last3= Dalén|first3= L.|last4= Burger|first4= J.|last5= MacPhee|first5=R. D. E.|last6= Barnes|first6= I.|last7= Turvey|first7=S. T.|title= Evolutionary History of the Nesophontidae, the Last Unplaced Recent Mammal Family|journal= Molecular Biology and Evolution|volume= 33|issue= 12|year= 2016|pages= 3095–3103|doi= 10.1093/molbev/msw186|pmid= 27624716|doi-access= free}} The Nesophontidae and Solenodontidae are thought to have separated roughly 57 Ma ago. Split times for talpids vs. soricids plus erinaceids, and for soricids vs. erinaceids, have been estimated at 69 Ma and 64 Ma ago, respectively.{{cite journal|last1= Springer|first1=M. S.|last2= Murphy|first2=W. J.|last3= Roca|first3=A. L.|title= Appropriate fossil calibrations and tree constraints uphold the Mesozoic divergence of solenodons from other extant mammals|journal= Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume= 121|year= 2018|pages= 158–165|doi= 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.01.007|pmid=29331683}}

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist|25em}}

{{Eulipotyphla}}

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Category:Mammal orders

Category:Extant Paleocene first appearances