European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System

{{short description|Standard means for comparing academic credits across the European Union}}

{{About|ECTS-credits|information about the ECTS grading system|ECTS grading scale}}

The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) is a standard means for comparing academic credits, i.e., the "volume of learning based on the defined learning outcomes and their associated workload" for higher education across the European Union and other collaborating European countries.{{cite web | title = ECTS Users' Guide | publisher = Publications Office of the European Union | page = 10 | year = 2015 | url =https://education.ec.europa.eu/document/ects-users-guide-2015 }} For successfully completed studies, ECTS credits are awarded. One academic year corresponds to 60 ECTS credits that are normally equivalent to 1500–1800 hours of total workload, irrespective of standard or qualification type.{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}} ECTS credits are used to facilitate transfer and progression throughout the Union.

ECTS also includes a standard grading scale, intended to be shown in addition to local (i.e. national) standard grades.{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/education/lifelong-learning-policy/doc48_en.htm|title=European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) - Education and training - European Commission|website=Education and training}}

Current systems

class="wikitable sortable"

|+ List of credits given in one year in European countries{{cite web|url=https://education.ec.europa.eu/document/ects-users-guide-2015|title=ECTS User's guide|publisher=Publications Office of the European Union|date=2015}}

! Country

! title="Credit points per year"|Credit points per year

! title="Hours per credit"|Hours per credit point

! Credit point name

! Status

European Union (EU)

| 60

| 25-30typical values which can vary between national systems, "academic year" is normative

| ECTS credits

| Austria

| 60

| 25

| ECTS (also ECTS-Punkte, ECTS credits)

| EU member state

| Belgium

| 60

| 25-30

| ECTS (also studiepunten, crédits, ECTS)

| EU member state

| Bulgaria

| 60

| 25-30

| кредити

| EU member state

| Croatia

| 60

| 25-30

| ECTS bodovi

| EU member state

| Cyprus

| 60

| 30

| ECTS

| EU member state

| Czech Republic

| 60

| 26

| kredity

| EU member state

| Denmark

| 60

| 28

| ECTS-point

| EU member state

| Estonia

| 60

| 26

| ainepunkt (EAP). Currently because many students are still used to the older system the longer name 'euroopa ainepunkt' is more often used for clarity's sake

| EU member state

| Finland

| 60

| 27

| opintopiste (op) / studiepoäng (Swedish) (lit. study point)

| EU member state

| France

| 60

| 25-30{{Cite web|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/article_lc/LEGIARTI000037300245|title=Article 8 - Arrêté du 22 janvier 2014 fixant le cadre national des formations conduisant à la délivrance des diplômes nationaux de licence, de licence professionnelle et de master|date=2014-01-22|website=Légifrance|language=fr|trans-title=Article 8 - Order of 22 January 2014 establishing the national framework for courses leading to the award of national bachelor's, professional bachelor's and master's degrees}}

| crédits ECTS

| EU member state

| Germany

| 60

| 25-30

| ECTS, Leistungspunkte (LP), Kreditpunkte (KP), Credit Points (CP) or Credits

| EU member state

| Greece

| 60

| 30

| ECTS, Credit Points (CP), Μονάδες Φόρτου Εργασίας (Διδακτικές Μονάδες - Δ.Μ) or Credits

| EU member state

| Hungary

| 60

| 30

| kredit (pont)

| EU member state

| Ireland

| 60

| ECTS

| EU member state

| Italy

| 60

| 25-30

| crediti formativi universitari (CFU)

| EU member state

| Latvia

| 60

| 30

| ECTS kredītpunkts (1 "Latvian" credit point (kredītpunkts) equals 1.5 ECTS){{cite web|url=http://www.aic.lv/portal/en/izglitiba-latvija/kreditpunktu-sistema|title=Credit point system|access-date=27 November 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=37967|title=Law of Higher education (in Latvian)|date=1 January 1995|access-date=27 November 2015}}

| EU member state

| Lithuania

| 60

| 28

| kreditai; ECTS kreditai

| EU member state

| Luxembourg

| 60

| ECTS

| EU member state

| Malta

| 60

| 25

| ECTS-credits

| EU member state

| Netherlands

| 60

| 28

| studiepunten (ECTS or EC)

| EU member state

| Poland

| 60

| 25-30

| punkty ECTS

| EU member state

| Portugal

| 60

| 28

| créditos ECTS

| EU member state

| Romania

| 60

| 30

| credite (SECTS)

| EU member state

| Slovakia

| 60

| 25

| kredity

| EU member state

---

| Slovenia

| 60

|25-30

| kreditne točke

| EU member state

| Spain

| 60

| 25-30

| ECTS (also créditos and crèdits)

| EU member state

---

| Sweden

| 60

| 26.667

| högskolepoäng (Used from July 2007)

| EU member state

| Iceland

| 60

| 25-30

| einingar (units)

| EFTA member state

| Liechtenstein

| 60

| EFTA member state

| Norway

| 60

| 25-30{{cite web |title=Norway's education system |url=https://studyinnorway.no/norways-education-system |website=studyinnorway.no |publisher=Study in Norway |language=en}}

| studiepoeng

| EFTA member state

|Switzerland

| 60

| 25-30{{cite web|url=https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20150869/index.html|title=Richtlinien des Hochschulrates für die koordinierte Erneuerung der Lehre an den universitären Hochschulen der Schweiz im Rahmen des Bologna-Prozesses|access-date=12 November 2018}}

| ECTS-credits, Kreditpunkte (KP)

| EFTA member state

| Albania

| 60

| 30

| Pikët ECTS