European Defence Industrial Strategy
{{Short description|2024 EU Policy Document}}
The European Defence Industrial Strategy (EDIS) is a document released on 5 March 2024 by the von Der Leyen Commission,{{cite news |url=https://breakingdefense.com/2024/03/european-commissions-first-industrial-strategy-aims-to-break-us-dependence-deter-russia/ |title=European Commission's first industrial strategy aims to break US dependence, deter Russia }} which suggested to switch to "war economy mode" due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and fears over Donald Trump's rumoured withdrawal from NATO.{{cite news |url=https://kyivindependent.com/eu-to-propose-switching-european-defense-industry-to-war-economy-mode/ |title=Reuters: EU to propose switching European arms Industry to 'war economy mode' }} European Commissioner for Internal Market Thierry Breton said: "Europe must take greater responsibility for its own security, regardless of the outcome of our allies' elections every four years."
One proposal was to set up "a European version of the U.S. Foreign Military Sales scheme, which helps other governments buy from American companies", but HRVP Josep Borrell noted that "we don't have a Pentagon anywhere."
Several reporters noted that the proposals needed to be approved by the European Parliament and by all 27 member states of the European Union, including Ireland which as noted by Euronews remains neutral. The proposal was based on a €1.5 billion injection,{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/5/eu-commission-proposes-major-defence-boost |title=EU proposes major defence boost as it eyes Russia and Trump }} over three years, which was termed "massive" by Der Spiegel,{{cite news |url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ruestungsindustrie-eu-kommission-plant-massive-staerkung-und-mehr-einkaeufe-bei-europaeischen-firmen-a-7e7cd9ef-a929-432b-b51b-4691512fc052 |title=Rüstungsindustrie: EU-Kommission plant massive Stärkung und mehr Einkäufe bei europäischen Firmen |newspaper=Der Spiegel |date=4 March 2024 |last1=Becker |first1=Markus }} but "modest" by Euronews, which complained that the EDIS failed to "set up the €100bn fund previously promised by Commissioner Thierry Breton" and "the idea of creating European defence bonds" suggested by European Council President Charles Michel was absent,{{cite news |url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/03/05/von-der-leyen-sets-out-modest-defence-strategy-as-she-bids-for-second-term |title=Von der Leyen sets out defence strategy }} and lamented by Gabriele Rosana, a Brussels-based policy analyst who pointed at the €800 billion Next Generation EU programme.{{cite news |url=https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu/news/article/as-the-eu-lays-out-its-first-joint-defence-strategy-could-eurobonds-become-a-reality |title=As the EU lays out its first joint defence strategy, could Eurobonds become a reality? }}
The Commission noted the observation of France's Institute for International and Strategic Affairs (IRIS) that, of the €100 billion spent by member states in the period between February 2022 and June 2023, eight out of every ten euros were spent outside the EU, and more than six out of every ten euros were spent in the US, but it also became apparent that EIB "policy" or "its rules explicitly" then forbid defence investment. Borrell was alarmed that the EIB was not in compliance with its own statute in Article 309 of the TFEU.{{cite news |url=https://defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/document/download/643c4a00-0da9-4768-83cd-a5628f5c3063_en?filename=EDIS%20Joint%20Communication.pdf |title=A new European Defence Industrial Strategy: Achieving EU readiness through a responsive and resilient European Defence Industry |date=5 March 2024 |publisher=HRVP EC}}
Royal Military School teacher and Université catholique de Louvain researcher Alain De Neve said it was clear that von der Leyen had not embarked on a war economy, while it had encouraged member states collaboratively to procure at least 40% of their materiel by 2030.{{cite news |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/economy/eu-proposes-fresh-defense-industry-strategy/3156062 |title=EU proposes fresh defense industry strategy |first=Aysu |last=Biçer |date=5 March 2024 }} The EDIS would provide incentives for joint procurement of war materiel.{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/eu-commission-proposes-15-bln-euro-common-defence-industry-package-2024-03-05/ |title=EU Commission proposes 1.5 billion euro common defence industry package |first1=Andrew |last1=Gray |first2=Bart H. |last2=Meijer |date=5 March 2024}} Commission Vice-president Margrethe Vestager acknowledged that the programme was "not a lot of money when it comes to the defence industry".
The EDIS was released alongside a European Defence Industry Programme (EDIP), which was budgeted in 2025–27 with €1.5 billion.{{cite news |url=https://ecfr.eu/article/opening-shots-what-to-make-of-the-european-defence-industrial-strategy/ |title=Opening shots: What to make of the European Defence Industrial Strategy |date=7 March 2024 }} One reporter writes that the EDIP funds were "redeployed from a recent increase of the European Defence Fund."{{cite news |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2024/03/understanding-the-eus-new-defense-industrial-strategy?lang=en |title=Understanding the EU's New Defense Industrial Strategy |first=SOPHIA |last=BESCH |date=8 March 2024}} The text relies substantially on the Versailles Declaration of 11 March 2022,{{cite news |url=https://defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/document/download/6cd3b158-d11a-4ac4-8298-91491e5fa424_en?filename=EDIP%20Proposal%20for%20a%20Regulation.pdf |title=Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL establishing the European Defence Industry Programme and a framework of measures to ensure the timely availability and supply of defence products ('EDIP')}} and seeks to ensure the availability and supply of defence products.{{cite news |url=https://defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/eu-defence-industry/edip-future-defence_en |title=EDIP is a Regulation proposed by the Commission to start implementing concrete measures identified in EDIS }} The EDIP was meant to bridge the gap between past emergency measures and the next Multiannual Financial Framework in 2027.{{cite news |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_1321 |title=First ever defence industrial strategy and a new defence industry programme to enhance Europe's readiness and security }} The funds are meant to de-risk investment in the production capacities of the European defence industry, and cooperation with Ukrainian defence
industry is foreseen. The EDIP programme is open to recipients in EU Member States, Associated Countries and Ukraine.{{cite news |url=https://defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/document/download/638c4482-0715-4aef-ac86-6529ce2dfd4b_en?filename=DEFIS_EDIP_factsheet.pdf |title=EDIP: EUROPEAN DEFENCE INDUSTRY PROGRAMME}}