Euroschinus falcatus
{{Short description|Species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae}}
{{Use Australian English|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Speciesbox
|name = Blush cudgerie
|image = Euroschinus falcatus.jpg
|image_caption = Growing in open forest
near Yeppoon, Queensland
|status = LC
|status_system = QLDNCA
|status_ref = {{R|DESQLD}}
|taxon = Euroschinus
|authority = Hook.f.{{R|DESQLD|PLANTNET|POWO}}
|synonyms =
- Euroschinus falcatus var. angustifolia {{small|Benth.}} (1863)
- Euroschinus falcatus var. typica {{small|Domin}} (1927)
- Euroschinus parvifolius {{small|S.Moore}} (1920)
- Rhus euroschina {{small|F.Muell.}} (1869)
- Sorindeia falcata {{small|Marchand}} (1869)
|synonyms_ref = {{R|POWO}}
|range_map =
|}}
Euroschinus falcatus is a large tree in the mango and cashew family Anacardiaceae, found along almost the entire east coast of Australia from Cape York Peninsula to Jervis Bay. Common names include blush cudgerie and maiden's blush.
Description
Euroschinus falcatus is a semi-deciduous tree growing up to {{cvt|30|m}} tall with wrinkly to tessellated grey brown bark. Larger specimens may be buttressed. Branchlets and twigs may be either finely hairy or hair-free. The compound leaves have between four and ten sickle-shaped leaflets measuring up to {{cvt|15|by|7|cm}}. The leaflets have 6 to 11 pairs of lateral veins and are either opposite or alternately arranged, with no true terminal leaflet. Crushed leaves and broken twigs produce a clear sap with an odour similar to mango.{{R|PLANTNET|FOA|RFK|COOPER2|CQCLN}}
The conspicuous inflorescences are panicles up to {{cvt|18|cm}} long and are covered in fine pale hairs. The fragrant flowers are white, cream or green and held on very short pedicels (stalks) about {{cvt|0.5|mm|2}} long. The {{botanygloss|calyx}} is green or yellow with lobes up to {{cvt|1|mm|2}} long, petals are about {{cvt|3|mm|2}} long.{{R|PLANTNET|FOA|RFK|COOPER2|CQCLN}}
The fruit is a drupe, ellipsoidal or ovoid, and about {{cvt|8|mm|2}} long. They are green initially, becoming blue-purple or black when ripe, and they contain a single seed.{{R|PLANTNET|FOA|RFK|COOPER2|CQCLN}}
Taxonomy
This species was first described in 1862 by the British botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker, based on specimens from "eastern tropical Australia". In his publication it can be seen that he named the plant Euroschinus falcatus,{{R|GP}} however the Australian Plant Name Index considers the orthographical variant Euroschinus falcata to be the correct combination,{{R|APNI}} which is at odds with several other authorities such as the National Herbarium of New South Wales,{{R|PLANTNET}} the 2022 Census of the Queensland flora and fungi based on data from the Queensland Herbarium,{{R|QCENSUS}} Plants of the World Online,{{R|POWO}} the Global Biodiversity Information Facility,{{R|GBIF}} World Flora Online,{{R|WFO}} and the Catalogue of Life.{{R|COL}}
=Etymology=
The genus name Euroschinus is derived from the Latin eurus meaning east, and the existing South American genus Schinus. The species epithet falcatus is Latin for curved or sickle-shaped, referring to the leaves.{{R|COOPER2}}
=Vernacular names=
A number of common names exist for this species, including blush cudgerie, maiden's blush, ribbonwood, chinaman's cedar, pink poplar, punburra, Port Macquarie beech and Jenny Donnelly.{{R|PLANTNET|FOA|RFK}}
Distribution and habitat
The blush cudgerie is endemic to Australia's east coast, and its natural range extends from the Pascoe River near the top of Cape York Peninsula south to the Shoalhaven River in southeast New South Wales. It grows in tropical and sub-tropical rainforests, including beach forest and riparian forest, but is probably most common in monsoon forest. It also inhabits woodlands and the margins of sclerophyll forest. The altitudinal range is from sea level to about {{cvt|1000|m}}.{{R|PLANTNET|RFK|CQCLN|AVH}}
Ecology
The fruit are eaten by various bird species, including Lewin's honeyeater (Meliphaga lewinii), rose-crowned fruit dove (Ptilinopus regina), topknot pigeon (Lopholaimus antarcticus), crimson rosella (Platycercus elegans), green catbird (Ailuroedus crassirostris), silvereye (Zosterops lateralis) and paradise riflebird (Ptiloris paradiseus). The leaves eaten by Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi).{{R|CQCLN|COOPER2}}
Gallery
File:Euroschinus falcatus 286065646.jpg|Young tree
File:Euroschinus falcatus ALA5.jpg|Trunk and red new growth
File:Euroschinus falcatus foliage.jpg|Foliage
File:Euroschinus falcatus 286065428.jpg|Detail of leaf
File:Euroschinus falcatus ALA3.jpg|Inflorescence
File:Euroschinus falcatus ALA6.jpg|Close-up of flowers
File:Euroschinus falcatus fruit.jpg|Fruit
File:Euroschinus falcatus ALA4.jpg|Bark
References
{{reflist|28em|refs=
{{cite web |url=https://apps.des.qld.gov.au/species-search/details/?id=17173 |title=Species profile—Euroschinus falcatus |year=2022 |website=Queensland Department of Environment and Science |publisher=Queensland Government |access-date=19 March 2024}}
{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:69590-1 |title=Euroschinus falcatus Hook.f. |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |year=2024 |access-date=19 March 2024}}
{{cite web |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Euroschinus%20falcatus |title=Euroschinus falcatus |last1=Jessup |first1=L.W. |year=2022 |editor-last1=Kodela |editor-first1=P.G. |website=Flora of Australia |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra |access-date=19 March 2024}}
{{cite web |url=https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/entities/Euroschinus_falcatus.htm |title=Euroschinus falcatus |author1=F.A.Zich |author2=B.P.M.Hyland |author3=T.Whiffen |author4=R.A.Kerrigan |author2-link=Bernard Hyland |year=2020 |website=Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8) |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government |access-date=19 March 2024}}
{{cite web |url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/51266614 |title=Euroschinus falcatus |website=Australian Plant Name Index (APNI) |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Australian Government |access-date=19 March 2024}}
{{cite web |title=Census of the Queensland flora and fungi |url=https://www.data.qld.gov.au/dataset/62f0a246-0255-4982-aa16-efec119b6064/resource/5d86a172-a013-4937-8175-d6be4d0166e8/download/queensland-flora-and-fungi-census-2022-vascular-plant-print.pdf |website=Queensland Government Open Data Portal |publisher=Department of Environment, Science and Innovation (Queensland) |access-date=19 March 2024}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000682858 |title=Euroschinus falcatus Hook.f. |website=World Flora Online |publisher=World Flora Online Consortium |year=2024 |access-date=19 March 2024}}
{{cite web |title=Search: species: Euroschinus falcatus {{!}} Occurrence records |url=https://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/search?taxa=Euroschinus%20falcatus#tab_mapView |website=Australasian Virtual Herbarium |publisher=Australian Government |access-date=19 March 2024}}
}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- [https://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/search?taxa=Euroschinus+falcatus#tab_mapView View a map] of herbarium records of this species at the Australasian Virtual Herbarium
- [https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?subview=map&taxon_id=183441 View observations] of this species on iNaturalist
- [https://flickriver.com/search/Euroschinus+falcatus See images] of this species on Flickriver.com
{{Anacardiaceae genera}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5413812}}
Category:Sapindales of Australia
Category:Flora of New South Wales