Eustachio Manfredi
{{Short description|Italian mathematician, astronomer and poet (1674–1739)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox academic
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| name = Eustachio Manfredi
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| image = Eustachio Manfredi.jpg
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| caption = Eustachio Manfredi in an engraving dated 1792 by Francesco Rosaspina
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1674|09|20}}
| birth_place = Bologna, Papal States
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1739|02|15|1674|09|20}}
| death_place = Bologna, Papal States
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| nationality = Italian
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| occupation = Mathematician
astronomer
poet
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| known_for = providing the first demonstration of the revolution of the Earth around the Sun
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| parents = Alfonso Manfredi and Anna Maria Manfredi (née Fiorini)
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| alma_mater = University of Bologna
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| discipline = Astronomy, Mathematics
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| workplaces = University of Bologna
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Eustachio Manfredi (20 September 1674 – 15 February 1739) was an Italian mathematician, astronomer and poet.
Biography
Eustachio Manfredi was born in Bologna on 20 September 1674.
He attended Jesuit school, then studied at the University of Bologna, graduating with a degree in law in 1691.
At the same time he devoted himself to scientific studies in mathematics and astronomy, and to literature.
Manfredi founded the Accademia degli Inquieti (Academy of Unquiet) in Bologna around 1690 as a place where scientific topics could be discussed.
At first, the Academy held its meetings in Manfredi's house.
After four years it moved to Jacopo Sandri's house, which had more space, and in 1705 moved again to the palazzo of Conte Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli.
The Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna was formally inaugurated in 1714,
and the Accademia degli Inquieti merged into it.{{sfn|Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna – Waterloo}}
In 1698 Manfredi obtained the chair of mathematics at the University of Bologna.
In 1704 he was named "Superintendent of the waters of Bologna", and was also made head of the college of Montalto, which educated young men destined for a clerical career.
In 1711 he became director of the Astronomical Observatory of Bologna, a position he held until his death.
He was a member of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris from 1726 and of the Royal Society of London from 1729.
He died in Bologna on 15 February 1739.{{sfn|MANFREDI (Eustachio) 1815|p=235}}
Scientific work
Manfredi's scientific work was impressive.
On 29 November 1707 Manfredi and Vittorio Francesco Stancari discovered the comet C/1707 W1.
Among his scientific works are Ephemerides motuum coelestium (1715–1725), which he completed with the help of his sisters Maddalena and Teresa; De transitu Mercurii per solem anno 1723 (1724), De gnomone meridiano bononiensi (1736) and Instituzioni astronomiche (1749), a posthumous work.
The asteroid 13225 Manfredi was named in honour of Eustachio Manfredi and his two brothers Gabriele Manfredi and Eraclito Manfredi.
Eustachio Manfredi provided "the first demonstration, though unsought, of the revolution of the Earth around the Sun, and thus the reality of a heliocentric system".{{sfn|Gualandi|Bonoli|2004}}
As a result of this discovery, the Church admitted the scientific nature of Galilean system and removed from the index many works of Galileo Galilei.
Literary work
Manfredi was also a well known poet in his day.
He was a member of the Academy of Arcadia with the name of "Aci Delpusiano".{{sfn|Weller|1856|p=3}}
The Rime of Manfredi was issued in 1713 and then published in the final edition posthumously in 1748 by his friend Giampietro Zanotti.
It is generally about events of the period (births, marriages, deaths, etc.), according to the peculiar character of the Arcadian poetry,
and is often weighed down by emphasis and intellectualism.
His poetic vein shows itself in a group of poems called "for a nun," inspired by the closure of the convent of Giulia Caterina Vandi,
a girl of Bologna with whom Manfredi had fallen in love.
This group includes the song "Woman, they are your eyes", considered his masterpiece, and numerous sonnets in the style of Petrarch.
Bibliography
- {{Cite book|title=Epistola ad virum clarissimum Dominicum Quartaironium qua anonymi assertiones 16. pro reformatione calendarii ab illo impugnatae vindicantur |volume=|publisher=Antonio Bortoli|location=Venezia|year=1705|language=la|url=https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=11328778}}
- {{cite book|last=Manfredi|first=Eustachio|title=Ephemerides Motuum Coelestium ex Anno 1715 – 25|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LvZSAAAAcAAJ|year=1715|language=la}}
- {{cite book
|publisher= sn
|last= Manfredi
|first= Eustachio
|title= Replica de' bolognesi ad alcune considerazioni de' sig.ri ferraresi nella materia delle acque
|location= S. l.
|date= 1717
|url= https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=116326&search_terms=DTL4
|language=it
}}
- {{cite book|publisher= Conti Roma?
|last= Manfredi
|first= Eustachio
|title= Sopra le pretese variazioni seguite nel Reno e nel Panaro e nel Po' dopo l'anno 1693
|location= S. l.
|date= 1717
|url= https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=2046050&search_terms=DTL3
|language=it
}}
- {{cite book|publisher= Stamperia Camerale Roma
|last= Manfredi
|first= Eustachio
|title= Compendio et esame del libro pubblicato in Modena col titolo Effetti dannosi che produrrà il Reno se sia messo in Po' di Lombardia
|location= In Roma
|date= 1718
|url= https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=116019&search_terms=DTL4
|language=it
}}
- {{cite book
|language= la
|last= Manfredi
|first= Eustachio
|title= Mercurii ac Solis congressus in astronomica specula Bononiensis Scientiarum Instituti observatus die 9. novembris 1723
|date= 1724
|url= https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=1403872&search_terms=DTL4
}}
- {{cite book |last=Manfredi |first=Eustachio |title=De transitu Mercurii per solem anno 1723 |location=Bologna|year=1724}}
- {{cite book|publisher= Costantino Pisarri
|language= la
|last= Manfredi
|first= Eustachio
|title= De annuis inerrantium stellarum aberrationibus
|location= Bononiae
|date= 1729
|url= https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=811241&search_terms=DTL8
}}
- {{cite book
|publisher= sn
|last= Manfredi
|first= Eustachio
|title= Compendiosa informazione di fatto sopra i confini della comunità ferrarese d'Ariano con lo stato veneto 1735
|location= S.l.
|date= 1735
|url= https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=1431273
|language=it
}}
- {{cite book|publisher= Lelio dalla Volpe
|language= la
|last= Manfredi
|first= Eustachio
|title= De gnomone meridiano Bononiensi ad divi Petronii deque observationibus astronomicis eo instrumento ab ejus constructione ad hoc tempus peractis
|location= Bononiae
|date= 1736
|url= https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=1403051&search_terms=DTL4
}}
- {{cite book |title=Della natura de' fiumi – Nuova edizione con le annotazioni di Eustachio Manfredi|url=http://amshistorica.unibo.it/191
|author1=Guglielmini, Domenico |author2=Manfredi, Eustachio |location=Bologna |publisher=Lelio dalla Volpe|year=1739|language=it}}
- {{cite book |title=Rime di Eustachio Manfredi con un ristretto della sua vita ed alcuni lugubri componimenti recitati in occasione della sua morte
|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_-P1Skj6sfp4C
|last=Manfredi|first=Eustachio|location=Bologna |publisher=Lelio dalla Volpe |year=1748|language=it}}
- {{cite book|publisher= nella stamperia di Lelio dalla Volpe
|last= Manfredi
|first= Eustachio
|title= Instituzioni astronomiche
|location= In Bologna
|date= 1749
|url= https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=1431970&search_terms=DTL4
|language=it
}}
- {{cite book|publisher= Lelio dalla Volpe
|last= Manfredi
|first= Eustachio
|title= Elementi della geometria piana e solida e della trigonometria
|location= In Bologna
|date= 1755
|url= https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=1403961&search_terms=DTL6
|language=it
}}
Eustachio Manfredi – Replica de' bolognesi ad alcune considerazioni de, nd - BEIC 116326.jpg|Replica de' bolognesi ad alcune considerazioni de' sig.ri ferraresi nella materia delle acque, 1717
Eustachio Manfredi – Compendio et esame del libro pubblicato in Modona, 1718 - BEIC 116019.jpg|Compendio et esame del libro pubblicato in Modena col titolo Effetti dannosi che produrrà il Reno se sia messo in Po' di Lombardia, 1718
Manfredi, Eustachio – De annuis inerrantium stellarum aberrationibus, 1729 – BEIC 811241.jpg|De annuis inerrantium stellarum aberrationibus, 1729
Guglielmini, Domenico – Della natura de fiumi trattato fisico-matematico, 1739 - BEIC 124586.jpg|Domenico Guglielmini, Della natura de’ fiumi, trattato fisico-matematico. Nuova edizione con le annotazioni di Eustachio Manfredi, 1739
Notes and references
Citations
{{reflist}}
Sources
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite web|ref={{harvid|Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna – Waterloo}}|url=http://www.scholarly-societies.org/history/1714asib.html|title=Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna|work=Scholarly Societies Project|publisher=University of Waterloo|access-date=2013-01-14|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106014347/http://www.scholarly-societies.org/history/./1714asib.html|archive-date=6 January 2013|df=dmy-all}}
- {{cite web |url=http://www.brera.unimi.it/sisfa/atti/2002/031-GUALANDI.pdf |publisher=Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Bologna |last1=Gualandi |first1=Andrea |last2=Bonoli |first2=Fabrizio |title=Eustachio Manfredi e la prima conferma osservativa della teoria dell'aberrazione annua della luce |access-date=2013-01-21 |year=2004 |archive-date=3 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103012839/http://www.brera.unimi.it/sisfa/atti/2002/031-GUALANDI.pdf |url-status=dead }}
- {{cite book |ref={{harvid|MANFREDI (Eustachio) 1815}}
|chapter=MANFREDI (Eustachio)|title=The General Biographical Dictionary: A New Edition
|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e9FI5kupOLoC&pg=PA235|access-date=2013-01-21 |year=1815|last1=Chalmers|first1=Alexander}}
- {{cite book |last=Weller |first=Emil Ottokar |title=Index pseudonymorum |publisher=Lipsia |year=1856}}
{{refend}}
Further reading
- {{cite book
|last = Ambrosoli
|first = Francesco
|date = 1832
|title = Manuale della letteratura italiana
|location = Milan
|publisher = per Antonio Fontana
|volume = IV
|pages = [https://books.google.com/books?id=kek9AAAAIAAJ&dq=%22Eustachio+Manfredi%22&pg=PA305 305–313]
}}
- {{cite encyclopedia
|last = Maier
|first = Bruno
|date = 1973
|title = Manfredi, Eustachio
|editor = Vittore Branca
|encyclopedia = Dizionario critico della letteratura italiana
|location = Turin
|publisher = UTET
|volume = 2
|pages = 480–4
}}
- Gian Pietro Zanotti Cavazzoni, "Ritratto di Eustachio Manfredi" in Francesco Ambrosoli, Manuale della letteratura italiana, Milano: per Antonio Fontana, 1832, vol. IV pp. 477–81 [https://books.google.com/books?id=kek9AAAAIAAJ&dq=%22Eustachio+Manfredi%22&pg=PA305]
External links
- {{Commons category-inline}}
- {{DBI|first=Ugo|last=Baldini|title=MANFREDI, Eustachio|volume=68|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/eustachio-manfredi_(Dizionario-Biografico)}}
- {{cite encyclopedia
|last = Bortolotti
|first = Ettore
|author-link = Ettore Bortolotti
|date = 1934
|title = MANFREDI, Eustachio
|url = https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/eustachio-manfredi_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)
|encyclopedia = Enciclopedia Italiana
|location = Rome
|publisher = Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
|access-date = 25 January 2025
}}
- {{MacTutor|id=Manfredi|title=Eustachio Manfredi}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Manfredi, Eustachio}}
Category:Scientists from Bologna
Category:Academic staff of the University of Bologna
Category:18th-century Italian astronomers
Category:18th-century Italian mathematicians
Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Category:18th-century Italian poets