Euston Square tube station

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| image1 = Gower Street station entrance, 1862.png

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| caption1 = The original southern entrance building on Euston Road, 1862

| image2 = Gower Street Station.png

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| caption2 = Platforms with ventilation shafts

| image3 = Gower Street station map, 1895.png

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| caption3 = Ordnance Survey map showing station, 1895

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The station was opened as Gower Street on 10 January 1863 by the Metropolitan Railway (MR), the world's first underground railway.{{sfn|Rose|1999}} The line runs east–west under Euston Road at this point. The station originally had entrances in single-storey pavilions with stone-effect stucco render on each side of Euston Road with stairs to the platforms.{{sfn|Jackson|1986|pp=24-25}}

The MR was constructed using the cut-and-cover method with the tunnel and station platforms directly under the road. The walls to the rear of the platforms were originally lined in buttressed brickwork supporting a brick arch {{convert|45|ft|1|in}} wide and {{convert|10|ft|4|in}} high composed of between six and twelve layers of brickwork. Ventilation shafts lined with glazed white tiling were spaced along the platforms to let in light from openings in the front gardens of the houses at street level.{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2016|p=20}}{{cite journal |url=https://archive.org/details/buildingnewseng09londuoft/page/110/mode/2up |journal=The Building News |title=Metropolitan Subterranean Railway | volume=9 |pages=110–111 |date=8 August 1862 |access-date=1 February 2022}}{{sfn|Routledge|1900|pp=114-115}}

In 1864, Parliament authorised the North Western and Charing Cross Railway to construct a line to connect the mainline stations at Euston and Charing Cross. This would have connected to the MR to the west of Gower Street, but the company was unable to raise funds.{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2005|p=10}} A revised scheme under the name of the London Central Railway (LCR) was approved in 1871. The proposals included an interchange at Gower Street with the LCR's platforms north of and parallel to the MR's.{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2005|p=11}} LCR branches would have connected from east of Gower Street to Euston and St Pancras stations. As before, the LCR was unable to raise funding and the scheme was abandoned in 1874.{{sfn|Badsey-Ellis|2005|p=13}}

In 1890, the MR obtained parliamentary permission to construct a pedestrian subway under Euston Road from the station to the mainline station. This was never constructed.{{sfn|Jackson|1986|p=197}}{{London Gazette |issue=25995 |pages=6385-6386 |date=22 November 1889}}

In 1906, the original timber platforms were reconstructed in concrete as a fire precaution related to the electrification of the MR.{{sfn|Jackson|1986|pp=188-189}} The station was given its present name on 1 November 1909.{{sfn|Rose|1999}}

Between 1929 and 1931, the station buildings were reconstructed to a design by the MR's architect C. W. Clark.{{sfn|Croome|2003|p=45}} A bridge was constructed above the tracks so that a single ticket office could be provided in place of the separate ones for each platform.{{sfn|Jackson|1986|p=274}} At the same time the station platforms were lengthened requiring the closure of Euston Road to enable the roadway and tunnels to be excavated as quickly as possible.{{cite news |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS151855505/TTDA?u=kccl&sid=bookmark-TTDA&xid=4eb4d60b |title=Longer Platforms on the Underground |work=The Times |date=17 December 1929 |issue=45388 |page=9 |access-date=31 January 2022}} The brick arch of the tunnel roof and the side walls were removed and replaced with a flat roof on steel beams supported by concrete walls to the rear of the new platforms.{{sfn|Croome|2003|p=45}}

During World War II, much of the southern side of Euston Road between Gower Street and Gordon Street was destroyed by bombing. When the site was reconstructed post-war the southern entrance was reconstructed again to incorporate it into the corner of the new building that occupied the site. The north entrance remained. In the 1960s, in conjunction with the construction of an underpass at the junction of Euston Road and Tottenham Court Road, Euston Road was widened. At this time, the north entrance building was demolished and converted to a simple subway entrance.

In the 21st century, the buildings on the south side of Euston Road were again redeveloped and the station entrance was again reconstructed. Since late 2006, the south entrance is incorporated into the corner of the headquarters of the Wellcome Trust with the entrance in Gower Street. A linking pedestrian subway connects under Euston Road from the north side. Since 2011, two lifts provide access between the main entrance and the westbound platform.

In December 2005, Network Rail announced plans{{cite web | url=http://www.alwaystouchout.com/project/125 | publisher=Always Touch Out | title=Euston redevelopment | date=25 January 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060213064404/http://www.alwaystouchout.com/project/125 | archive-date=2006-02-13 | url-status=live }} to create a subway link between the station and Euston station as part of the re-development of Euston station. This will create a direct link for users of main line rail services which depart from Euston. These plans would also be pursued during a rebuilding for High Speed 2.{{cite web | url=http://www.parliamentlive.tv/Main/Player.aspx?meetingId=8725&st=12:05:36 | title=High speed rail | work=Transport Select Committee| date=28 June 2011 | publisher=House of Commons | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928231136/http://www.parliamentlive.tv/Main/Player.aspx?meetingId=8725&st=12%3A05%3A36 | archive-date=28 September 2011 | url-status=live }}

The station is served by the Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle lines, between {{stl|London Underground|King's Cross St Pancras}} to the east and Great Portland Street to the west. All three lines share the same pair of tracks from Baker Street Junction to Aldgate Junction making this section of track one of the most intensely used on the London Underground network.

File:Euston Square 2013.jpg

The typical service in trains per hour (tph) is:{{Cite web|url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/wtt-34-circle-and-hammersmith-and-city.pdf|title=Circle and Hammersmith & City line WTT|website=Transport for London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111061516/http://content.tfl.gov.uk/wtt-34-circle-and-hammersmith-and-city.pdf|archive-date=11 November 2016|url-status=dead}}

• 6 {{abbr|tph|trains per hour}} clockwise via Liverpool Street and Tower Hill
• 6 tph anti-clockwise to Hammersmith via Paddington

The typical service in trains per hour (tph) is:

• 6 tph Eastbound to Barking
• 6 tph Westbound to Hammersmith via Paddington

The Metropolitan line is the only line to operate express services, though currently this is only during peak times (Westbound 06:30-09:30 / Eastbound 16:00-19:00). Fast services run non-stop between Wembley Park, {{stn|Harrow-on-the-Hill}} and Moor Park, while semi-fast services run non-stop between Wembley Park and Harrow-On-The-Hill.{{Cite web|url=http://www.davros.org/rail/culg/metropolitan.html#services|title=CULG - Metropolitan Line|website=davros.org|access-date=2017-03-19}}

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour (tph) is:{{Cite web|url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/wtt-339-metropolitan.pdf|title=Metropolitan line WTT|website=Transport for London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701094033/http://content.tfl.gov.uk/wtt-339-metropolitan.pdf|archive-date=2016-07-01|url-status=dead}}

• 12 tph Eastbound to Aldgate
• 2 tph Westbound to Amersham (all stations)
• 2 tph Westbound to Chesham (all stations)
• 8 tph Westbound to Uxbridge (all stations)

Off-peak services to/from Watford terminate at Baker Street

The typical peak time service in trains per hour (tph) is:

• 14 tph Eastbound to Aldgate
• 2 tph Westbound to Amersham (fast in the evening peak only)
• 2 tph Westbound to Chesham (fast in the evening peak only)
• 4 tph Westbound to Watford (semi-fast in the evening peak only)
• 6 tph Westbound to Uxbridge (all stations)

{{Adjacent stations|system=London Underground|noclear=y

|line1=Circle|left1=Great Portland Street|right1=King's Cross St Pancras|type1=section 1

|line2=Hammersmith & City|left2=Great Portland Street|right2=King's Cross St Pancras

|line3=Metropolitan|left3=Great Portland Street|right3=King's Cross St Pancras|to-right3=Aldgate

|header4=Former services

|line4=Metropolitan|left4=Great Portland Street|right4=King's Cross St Pancras|to-left4=Hammersmith|to-right4=Barking|note-mid4=Hammersmith branch (1864–1990)

}}

That station is served by London Buses day and night routes.

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book |last=Badsey-Ellis |first=Antony |title=London's Lost Tube Schemes |year=2005 |publisher=Capital Transport |isbn=185414-293-3 }}
• {{cite book |last=Badsey-Ellis |first=Antony |title=Building London's Underground: From Cut-and Cover to Crossrail |year=2016 |publisher=Capital Transport |isbn=978-1-8541-4397-6 }}
• {{cite book |last=Croome |first=Desmond F. |title=The Circle Line: An Illustrated History |publisher=Capital Transport |year=2003 |isbn=1-85414-267-4}}
• {{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Alan A. |title=London's Metropolitan Railway |publisher=David & Charles |year=1986 |isbn=0-7153-8839-8}}
• {{Cite book|last=Lowe |first=James W.|date=2014|orig-year=1975 |publisher=Pen & Sword Transport |isbn=978-1-47382-289-4 |title=British Steam Locomotives Builders |oclc=889509628 |pages=245–259}}
• {{cite book |last=Rose |first=Douglas |title=The London Underground, A Diagrammatic History |year=1999 |orig-year=1980 |edition=7th |publisher=Douglas Rose/Capital Transport |isbn=1-85414-219-4 }}
• {{cite book |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54475/54475-h/54475-h.htm#Page_114 |last=Routledge |first=Robert |title=Discoveries And Inventions of the Nineteenth Century |chapter=The Metropolitan Railway |edition=13th |year=1900 |publisher=George Routledge & Sons |access-date=1 February 2022}}

{{commons category}}

• {{cite web |url=http://www.alwaystouchout.com/project/125 | title=London Euston railway station to Euston Square tube station subway link | publisher=Always Touch Out }}
• Historic photographs of the station: [https://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/collections/collections-online/photographs London Transport Museum Photographs Collection]
• {{LTM archive|1998-84694|Gower Street station under construction, 1862}}
• {{LTM archive|1998-68475|Station buildings, 1936}}

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Category:Circle line (London Underground) stations

Category:Hammersmith & City line stations

Category:Metropolitan line stations

Category:Tube stations in the London Borough of Camden

Category:Former Metropolitan Railway stations

Category:Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1863