Evacuation of Finnish Karelia

{{Short description|Displacement of the population of Finnish Karelia}}

{{expand Finnish|topic=hist|date=November 2017}}

Image:Evacuees from East-Finland.jpg municipality, Finnish Karelia, going to western Finland, beginning of the Winter War.]]

As a result of the 1940 Moscow Peace Treaty that concluded the Winter War, Finland ceded a portion of Finnish Karelia along with other territories to the Soviet Union. As a result, about 410,000 people,[http://yle.fi/teema/karjala/sivu.php?id=36 Karjalainen siirtoväki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319104508/http://yle.fi/teema/karjala/sivu.php?id=36 |date=2012-03-19 }}. Yle Teema. Retrieved 2009-07-28. {{in lang|fi}} or 12% of Finland's population, were relocated to the remaining parts of Finland.{{Cite journal|last=Wuorinen|first=John H.|date=1948|title=The Finnish Treaty|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1026636|journal=The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science|volume=257|pages=87–96|doi=10.1177/000271624825700110 |jstor=1026636 |s2cid=144773418 |issn=0002-7162|access-date=8 January 2022}}

The treaty did not require Finland to empty the ceded territory, but few were willing to stay, and almost the whole population chose to relocate, taking their belongings with them.{{cn|date=November 2017}} Only the buildings and machinery were to be left behind intact as per the Peace Treaty, which for the most part also took place.{{cn|date=November 2017}}

During the Continuation War, some 260,000 of the displaced population returned home.[http://www.lituanus.org/1981_3/81_3_07.htm "An OSS Report on Wartime Population Changes in the Baltic"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111094017/http://www.lituanus.org/1981_3/81_3_07.htm |date=2013-01-11 }}, Lithuanian Quarterly J. on Arts and Sci. Vol. 27, No. 3, 1981 In June 1944, Finnish troops partially withdrew from the ceded areas again as a result of the Soviet Fourth strategic offensive. Simultaneously, the population was again evacuated.

Image:Siirtoväki raivaa kylmää tilaa.jpg in Southern Finland, toiling on the field.]]

The Paris Peace Treaty finally confirmed the loss of Finland's territory. The evacuees were permanently settled in Finland. The government of Finland subsidized the resettlement in two ways:

• Resettlers were subsidized. Families were allocated land in proportion to their former property. In addition, everyone evacuated from Finnish Karelia was given the right to receive a homestead and city-dwellers and business-owners were given monetary compensation. The right to homestead was also extended to war veterans, widows and orphans of war.
• Private owners of the land given to resettlers were monetarily compensated for the loss of real estate.

Since the 1990s, some associations have demanded the return of Finnish Karelia to Finland.