Exit West
{{short description|2017 novel by Pakistani author Mohsin Hamid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Exit West
| image = Exit West.png
| alt =
| caption = First edition (UK)
| author = Mohsin Hamid
| audio_read_by = Mohsin Hamid
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = United States
| language = English
| release_number =
| subject =
| genre =
| publisher = Hamish Hamilton (UK)
Riverhead Books (US)
| pub_date = March 2017
| pages = 229
| awards = Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Fiction, Aspen Words Literary Prize
| isbn = 978-0735212206
| isbn_note =
| oclc = 1014146826
| dewey =
| congress =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}
Exit West is a 2017 novel by Pakistani author Mohsin Hamid. It is Hamid's fourth novel. The main themes of the novel are emigration and refugee problems.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/12/exit-west-mohsin-hamid-review-refugee-crisis|title=Exit West by Mohsin Hamid – magical vision of the refugee crisis|last=Sandhu|first=Sukhdev|date=12 March 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=17 March 2017}} The novel, which can be considered fantasy or speculative fiction, is about a young couple, Saeed and Nadia, who live in an unnamed city undergoing civil war and finally have to flee, using a system of magical doors that lead to different locations around the globe.{{cite web |last=Gilbert |first=Sophie |date=8 March 2017 |title=Exit West and the Edge of Dystopia |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/03/exit-west/518802/ |access-date=17 March 2017 |publisher=The Atlantic}}
Scholars have analyzed Exit West for its suggestions about global politics, use of technology, and calls for better treatment of the environment.{{Cite web |title=Poetics of Migration Trauma in Mohsin Hamid's "Exit West" |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362010001}}
Exit West won Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Fiction (2017){{Cite web |title=L.A. Times Book Prize - Fiction |url=https://www.awardsarchive.com/l-a-times-book-prize-fiction/ |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Awards Archive |language=en-US}} and Aspen Words Literary Prize (2018){{Cite web |last=Schaub |first=Michael |date=2022-02-28 |title=Finalists for Aspen Words Literary Prize Revealed |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/news-and-features/articles/finalists-for-aspen-words-literary-prize-revealed/ |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=Kirkus Reviews |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Arias |first=Patricia de |date=2018-04-18 |title=Awards: Aspen Words Literary; Neukom Institute Literary Arts |url=https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=3230 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Shelf Awareness}} and was shortlisted for a number of other awards.
Background
Since 2010, Hamid has emerged as an author known for writing fiction that explores alternate ways of global living and emphasizes the disadvantages of being born in a third-world country.{{Cite journal|last=Mączyńska|first=Magdalena|date=2020-10-29|title="People Are Monkeys Who Have Forgotten That They Are Monkeys": The Refugee as Eco-Cosmopolitan Allegory in Mohsin Hamid's Exit West|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/isle/isaa082|journal=ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment|volume=28|issue=3|pages=1089–1106|doi=10.1093/isle/isaa082|issn=1076-0962|url-access=subscription}} Hamid wrote Moth Smoke (2000), The Reluctant Fundamentalist (2007), How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia (2013), and then Exit West in 2017. All four stories focus on the experiences and journeys of characters originally from Pakistan.{{Cite journal|last=Perfect|first=Michael|date=2019-04-03|title='Black holes in the fabric of the nation': refugees in Mohsin Hamid's Exit West|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14797585.2019.1665896|journal=Journal for Cultural Research|language=en|volume=23|issue=2|pages=187–201|doi=10.1080/14797585.2019.1665896|s2cid=204377805 |issn=1479-7585}}
Written within the era of Trump and Brexit,{{Cite journal|last=Sadaf|first=Shazia|date=2020-09-02|title="We are all migrants through time": History and geography in Mohsin Hamid's Exit West|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17449855.2020.1820667|journal=Journal of Postcolonial Writing|language=en|volume=56|issue=5|pages=636–647|doi=10.1080/17449855.2020.1820667|s2cid=224957974 |issn=1744-9855|url-access=subscription}} Mohsin Hamid wrote Exit West as a way for readers to look at the refugee crisis from a different perspective. Hamid explains that borders for countries are extremely “unnatural” and the issue with migrants and refugees is that their movement is thought of as a problem that needs to be solved.{{Cite journal|last=Green|first=G|date=26 June 2017|title=Moshin Hamid.|journal=New Internationalist|volume=46|via=Proquest}} Hamid believes that refugees and migrants, or anyone for that matter, should be able to travel freely throughout the world. Hamid also explains that reading can help people see things from a different perspective, which means that people can become more cognizant of others’ situations and see solutions they never thought possible before. Hamid wrote Exit West to broaden people’s thoughts about the refugee crisis. He wanted to give readers an alternative perspective on how the people could operate in one world instead of one nation. With the election of Donald Trump in 2016 and his strict border policies, Hamid is trying to show readers that a world without borders is not only possible, but desirable.
Plot
Nadia and Saeed meet when they are working students in an unnamed city. Saeed is more conservative and still lives at home, as custom generally requires, but the more independent Nadia has chosen to live alone and has been disowned by her parents for doing so. Saeed and Nadia meet and eventually fall in love.{{Cite magazine |date=2017-03-10 |title=A Novel About Refugees That Feels Instantly Canonical |url=http://www.newyorker.com/culture/jia-tolentino/a-novel-about-refugees-that-feels-instantly-canonical |access-date=2022-03-09 |magazine=The New Yorker |language=en-US}} After Saeed's mother is killed by a stray bullet while searching for a lost earring in her car, Nadia moves in with Saeed and his father, despite not wanting to marry Saeed as propriety requires.
As the militants successfully wrest control of the city from the government and violence becomes an every day part of life, Nadia and Saeed begin chasing rumours that there are doors in the city that serve as portals to other locations. Although most of the doors are guarded by militants, they manage to bribe their way through a door, leaving behind Saeed's father who does not wish to be a burden to them and asks Nadia to promise him never to leave Saeed until they are settled.
The door they go through takes them to Mykonos, where they are among many refugees and settle in a tent city. They eventually obtain the compassion of a local Greek girl who has a rapport with Nadia and helps the two go through a recently discovered door which leads to a luxury home in London. Nadia and Saeed and other migrants settle in the home, claiming it from its owners.
As more migrants penetrate London, hostility between the migrants and the native-born increases, including attacks and mob rule. The migrants are eventually sectioned off in a ghetto with minimal food and electricity called "Dark London." After a raid to clear out migrants goes wrong, the natives decide to try to work together with the new migrants and put them to work clearing the land for Halo London, a city surrounding London-proper, with the promise that they will be given 40 meters and a pipe i.e. a small plot of land and access to utilities. Nadia and Saeed throw themselves into the work as they feel themselves growing apart from each other.
Although the couple are on a list that puts them among the first to obtain a secure home, Nadia asks Saeed to leave through another portal and they eventually take their chance arriving in Marin County, California. They find they are generally welcome there and Nadia finds work at a food co-op while Saeed becomes more and more religious. Eventually, realizing that they no longer have any feelings for one another, Nadia leaves Saeed and moves into a room at the co-op, forming a relationship with a cook who works there. Saeed, meanwhile, marries the native-born daughter of a preacher.
Fifty years later, Nadia returns to the country of her birth and meets up with Saeed, who offers to one day take her to see the stars in Chile.
Reception
= Reviews =
Omar El Akkad in The Globe and Mail calls the novel "a masterpiece of humanity and restraint."{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/book-reviews/mohsin-hamids-exit-west-reviewed-a-masterpiece-of-humility-and-restraint/article34335946/|title=MHamid's Exit West, reviewed: A masterpiece of humility and restraint|last=El Akkad|first=Omar|date=17 March 2017|publisher=The Globe and Mail|access-date=18 March 2017}} Sarah Begley of Time magazine praised its relation to the ongoing Syrian refugee crisis and making a love story of refugees nevertheless feel universal.{{cite magazine|last1=Begley|first1=Sarah|title=Love in the Time of Refugees|magazine=Time|date=20 March 2017|page=56}} The Guardian defined it as a "magical vision of the refugee crisis."{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/12/exit-west-mohsin-hamid-review-refugee-crisis|title=Exit West by Mohsin Hamid – magical vision of the refugee crisis|last=Sandhu|first=Sukhdev|date=12 March 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=27 March 2017}} In December 2017, former U.S. President Barack Obama included Exit West in his list of the best books he read in 2017.{{cite web|last=Savransky|first=Rebecca|date=December 31, 2017|title=Obama puts out list of favorite books he read, songs he listened to in 2017|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/news/366943-obama-puts-out-list-of-favorite-books-he-read-songs-he-listened-to-in-2017/|website=The Hill}}{{cite web|last=Obama|first=Barack|date=December 31, 2017|title=During my presidency, I started a tradition of sharing my reading lists and playlists...|website=Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/barackobama/posts/10155532677446749}} Writing in The New Yorker, Jia Tolentino described how "the novel feels immediately canonical, so firm and unerring is Hamid’s understanding of our time and its most pressing questions."
Paste
In the article entitled "Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West: Co-Opting Refugees into Global Capitalism," Sercan Hamza Bağlama (2019) focuses on the depoliticisation of the refugee 'crisis' and analyses the social, cultural and economic interpellation of the refugee characters into the dominant system in a western country, saying [The depoliticisation of the refugee 'crisis'] justifies the binary paradigms of the orientalist mind-set as the dichotomy of 'them' and 'us' is constructed upon the artificial binary opposition between the Orient and the Occident, leading the West to take its 'historical' responsibility, export democracy, bring order and ironically help those in a desperate situation."{{Cite journal|last=Bağlama|first=Sercan Hamza|title=Mohsin Hamid's Exit West: Co-Opting Refugees into Global Capitalism|url=https://www.academia.edu/44434672|journal=New Middle Eastern Studies|volume=9|issue=2|issn=2051-0861}}
While Exit West received astonishing reviews, it does still have some critiques. Some scholars believe the idea of considering all humans on Earth as refugees is “wrong-headed.”
= Awards and honors =
Exit West was a New York Times best seller,{{Cite web |date=2016-12-06 |title=Exit West |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/mohsin-hamid/exit-west/ |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=Kirkus Reviews}} and many outlets included the book in "best of" lists. Kirkus Reviews, Shelf Awareness,{{Cite web |last=Block |first=Stefan Merrill |date=2017-12-12 |title=Our Best Adult Books of 2017 |url=https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=3146 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Shelf Awareness}} TIME,{{cite magazine |last=Begley |first=Sarah |date=21 November 2017 |title=The Top 10 Novels of 2017 |url=https://time.com/5028161/top-10-novels-2017/ |access-date=13 December 2017 |magazine=Time}} and Tor.com named it one of the top ten novels of 2017, whereas Entertainment Weekly, The Harvard Crimson, Literary Hub,{{Cite web |last=Temple |first=Emily |date=2019-12-23 |title=The 20 Best Novels of the Decade |url=https://lithub.com/the-20-best-novels-of-the-decade/ |access-date=2021-01-22 |website=Literary Hub |language=en-US}} and Paste included it in their lists of the best books of the decade. In 2024, the New York Times ranked it as #75 in their 100 best books of the 21st century.{{cite web |title=The 100 Best Books of the 21st Century |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/books/best-books-21st-century.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=2024-07-09 |date=2024-07-08}}
Analysis
Exit West attracted much attention from scholars and readers because the novel deals so closely with current events and problematic social norms.{{Cite journal|last=Naydan|first=Liliana M.|title=Digital Screens and National Divides in Mohsin Hamid's Exit West |date=2019-09-22|url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=LitRC&sw=w&issn=00393827&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA600918138&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs|journal=Studies in the Novel|language=English|volume=51|issue=3|pages=433–453|doi=10.1353/sdn.2019.0048 |s2cid=204480947 |url-access=subscription}} Scholars argue that Hamid is questioning the trending opinions of border security with Brexit and Trump, emphasizes the fake sense of connection to refugees through technology, and stresses the importance of preserving the global environment.
Hamid uses fiction to create a reality for readers to reconsider the “relationship between history and geography” with the use of “magical portals that allow instant access to destinations around the world”. In the story, it is clear that Hamid does not support the current ideology of going backwards in the direction of past policies and “greatness” (Trump's campaign). Mohsin uses fictional novels to reach readers because he wants them to be creative and progressive in their ideas for solutions to current events. This will allow readers to consider the possibility of a “global migration” and “borderless world”, which essentially is the plot of Exit West. Hamid helps readers empathize to refugees through the unfair experiences of the characters Nadia and Saeed. Hamid wraps the novel up with a positive ending to help convey the idea that readers shouldn’t think of refugees as a problem, but more of an opportunity for an improved world.
Throughout Exit West, Hamid also examines the use of digital technology and how it provides people with a false sense of connectedness. Characters use tablets to remain connected to people and places throughout the world, thus failing to truly be present with the people physically around them and the places they’re in. However, the characters are also using technology to photograph, document, and share the injustice happening in the country they are from. Hamid shows readers how technology can be used to positively connect with people and places they would otherwise not be connected to while also depicting how technology can weaken relationships and make people disconnected from each other.
Similar to some of Hamid's previous novels, Exit West also hints at the importance of changing global habits and creating a cleaner environment around the world. Hamid does this by emphasizing natural beauties throughout the novel and showing readers how when people have a choice and appreciation for where they live, they treat the environment with more respect.
Adaptations
In August 2017, it was announced that the Russo brothers had purchased the rights to adapt the novel and will serve as producers, while Morten Tyldum hired as director.{{cite web|last1=Fleming|first1=Mike Jr.|title=Russo Brothers In First Look With Morten Tyldum, Acquire 'Exit West' For Him To Direct|date=10 August 2017 |url=https://deadline.com/2017/08/russo-brothers-morten-tyldum-exit-west-first-look-deal-passengers-the-avengers-infinity-war-1202146382/|access-date=11 August 2017}} In March 2020, Michelle and Barack Obama came on board as producers, with Riz Ahmed playing Saeed and Yann Demange set to direct. The film was also set to be produced by Higher Ground Productions and distributed by Netflix.{{cite web|last1=D'Alessandro|first1=Anthony|title=Russo Brothers' AGBO Partners With Obamas' Higher Ground & Netflix On 'Exit West', Riz Ahmed Attached|date=6 March 2020 |url=https://deadline.com/2020/03/russo-brothers-exit-west-riz-ahmed-barack-obama-netflix-movie-1202875760/|access-date=6 March 2020}} Joe Russo stated in an April interview that production on the film could begin soon at the time, but that depended on the COVID-19 pandemic and how film productions could commence during that time.{{cite web |last1=Sneider |first1=Jeff |title=Joe Russo on Working with Obamas, Riz Ahmed on Netflix Movie 'Exit West' |url=https://collider.com/joe-russo-obamas-riz-ahmed-netflix-exit-west/ |website=Collider |access-date=18 December 2020 |date=April 23, 2020}} In an August 2022 interview, the novel's author Mohsin Hamid stated the film was still in the development stage.{{cite web |last1=Rankin |first1=Seija |title=Author Mohsin Hamid on His New Novel, Working With Riz Ahmed and the Value of a Limited Series |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/arts/mohsin-hamid-novel-last-white-man-interview-1235191143/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=5 August 2022 |date=August 2, 2022}}