Exomer

{{short description|Protein complex transporting molecules inside the cell}}

Exomer is a heterotetrameric protein complex similar to COPI and other adaptins.{{cite journal | vauthors = Paczkowski JE, Richardson BC, Fromme JC | title = Cargo adaptors: structures illuminate mechanisms regulating vesicle biogenesis | journal = Trends in Cell Biology | volume = 25 | issue = 7 | pages = 408–16 | date = July 2015 | pmid = 25795254 | doi = 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.02.005 | pmc = 4475447 }}{{cite book | editor-first1 = Dirk | editor-last1 = Hoffmeister | title = Biochemistry and Molecular Biology | date = 2016 | isbn = 978-3-319-27790-5 | chapter = Chitin Synthesis and Fungal Cell Morphogenesis | first1 = Cesar | last1 = Roncero | first2 = Alberto | last2 = Sanchex-Diaz | first3 = M.-Henar | last3 = Valdivieso | name-list-style = vanc | pages = 167–190 | publisher = Springer |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=McWbCwAAQBAJ&dq=exomer&pg=PA182 }} It was first described in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang CW, Hamamoto S, Orci L, Schekman R | title = Exomer: A coat complex for transport of select membrane proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane in yeast | journal = The Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 174 | issue = 7 | pages = 973–83 | date = September 2006 | pmid = 17000877 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.200605106 | pmc = 2064389 }} Exomer is a cargo adaptor important in transporting molecules from the Golgi apparatus toward the cell membrane. The vesicles it is found on are different from COPI vesicles in that they do not appear to have a "coat" or "scaffold" around them.

An overview of the cellular localization of exomer and other cargo adaptors [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4475447/figure/F1/ is shown here]. Exomer binds to

2 molecules of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) as shown [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4475447/figure/F3/ in this figure]. A hinge region of exomer is thought to be important for forming to a highly curved membrane vesicle as shown [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4475447/figure/F4/ in this figure]. The steps of assembly of exomer on a Golgi membrane are shown [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5290816/figure/embr201540795-fig-0009/ in this figure].{{cite journal | vauthors = Huranova M, Muruganandam G, Weiss M, Spang A | title = Dynamic assembly of the exomer secretory vesicle cargo adaptor subunits | journal = EMBO Reports | volume = 17 | issue = 2 | pages = 202–19 | year = 2016 | pmid = 26742961 | pmc = 5290816 | doi = 10.15252/embr.201540795 }}