Expandable water toy
{{short description|Type of toy made from superabsorbent polymers}}
Expandable water toys (also grow-in-water toys or grow monsters) are novelty items made from a superabsorbent polymer. They are toys that expand after putting them into water for anything from a few hours up to several days, depending on size. They shrink in saltwater or when exposed to air. They are made from polymers that can absorb and retain extremely large amounts of a liquid relative to their own mass.{{Cite report |url=http://publications.iupac.org/pac/2004/pdf/7604x0889.pdf |title=DEFINITIONS OF TERMS RELATING TO REACTIONS OF POLYMERS AND TO FUNCTIONAL POLYMERIC MATERIALS |last1=Horie |first1=K. |last2=Barón |first2=M. |date=2004 |publisher=INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY |issue=76 |location=Berlin |publication-date=2004 |volume=4 |pages=889–906 |language=en |last3=Fox |first3=R. B. |last4=He |first4=J. |last5=Hess |first5=M. |last6=Kahovec |first6=J. |last7=Kitayama |first7=T. |last8=Kubisa |first8=P. |last9=Maréchal |first9=E. |access-date=2019-12-25 |quote=3.27 superabsorbent polymer: Polymer that can absorb and retain extremely large amounts of a liquid relative to its own mass.}}
Description
Water Balz look like marbles, but expand to {{convert|57|mm}}, the size of a racquetball, in water.{{cite news|url=http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/17/expanding-ball-toy-poses-hazard-to-children-and-pets/|title=Expanding Ball Toy Poses Hazard to Children and Pets|last=O'Connor|first=Anahad|date=17 September 2012|work=Well|publisher=New York Times|access-date=18 November 2012}}
Orbeez expand to {{convert|14|mm}} in water.
Expandable water toys are also sold in the shapes of other things, such as dinosaurs, sharks, people or mechas from popular anime. Many of the companies that distribute them are Chinese{{Cite web |url=http://www.topwelltoys.com.tw/detail/8333/8333.html |title=762243 , Colored Growing Sea Lifes |access-date=2009-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115023154/http://www.topwelltoys.com.tw/detail/8333/8333.html |archive-date=2009-01-15 |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.madeinchina.com/2788469/P6032079/Novetly-Toys-Growing-Reptile-Toys-Grow-in-water-Toys-solid.shtml |title=Novetly Toys, Growing Reptile Toys( Grow-in-water Toys/solid) - Xinguangwei Toys Trading Co., Ltd. |access-date=2009-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217203046/http://www.madeinchina.com/2788469/P6032079/Novetly-Toys-Growing-Reptile-Toys-Grow-in-water-Toys-solid.shtml |archive-date=2009-02-17 |url-status=dead }} and Dutch trading companies.
History
The introduction and popularity of these toys has followed the development of superabsorbent polymers. In the early 1970s, the superabsorbent polymer was used commercially for the first time for disposable hygienic products. The first product markets were feminine sanitary napkins and adult incontinence products. The development of superabsorbent technology and performance has been largely led by demands in the disposable hygiene segment. Strides in absorption performance have allowed the development of the ultra-thin baby diaper which uses a fraction of the materials – particularly fluff pulp – that earlier disposable diapers consumed. Over the years, technology has progressed so that there is little if any starch-grafted superabsorbent polymer used in disposable hygienic products. These super absorbents typically are cross-linked acrylic homo-polymers (usually sodium neutralized).
Risks and recalls
Larger versions of the expandable toys can become lodged in the guts of children. Water Balz and Orbeez have been swallowed and lodged in the guts of children, requiring surgery to remove.{{cite journal |last1=Michelakos |first1=T |last2=Tanaka |first2=M |last3=Patel |first3=MS |last4=Ryan |first4=DP |title=Orbezoar: A Superabsorbent Polymer Causing Small Bowel Obstruction in a Toddler. |journal=Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition |date=1 April 2019 |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=e48 |doi=10.1097/MPG.0000000000002357 |pmid=30964823|doi-access=free }} A 2012 paper documented the case of an infant who had swallowed a {{convert|1|cm}} "Water Balz" product, which grew to "the size of a golf ball" in her digestive tract, requiring surgery to remove it.{{cite journal |last1=Michelakos |first1=T |last2=Tanaka |first2=M |last3=Patel |first3=MS |last4=Ryan |first4=DP |title=Orbezoar: A Superabsorbent Polymer Causing Small Bowel Obstruction in a Toddler. |journal=Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition |date=1 April 2019 |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=e48 |doi=10.1097/MPG.0000000000002357 |pmid=30964823|doi-access=free }} Orbeez states that their product
expands to only {{convert|7|mm}} in the intestines if swallowed and will pass through the digestive tract,{{cite web |title=What should I do if my child swallows Orbeez™? |url=https://spinmastersupport.helpshift.com/a/orbeez/?s=general-faqs&f=what-should-i-do-if-my-child-swallows-orbeez |website=Orbeez Support |publisher=Spin Master |access-date=2 May 2022 |language=en}} but that it is a choking hazard and is unsuitable for children under five.{{cite news |title=Consumer Reports: Super Absorbent Toy Ball Caution |url=https://www.nbcmiami.com/news/local/consumer-reports-super-absorbent-toy-ball-caution/2038903/ |access-date=2 May 2022 |work=NBC 6 South Florida |date=22 April 2013}}
Starting from January 15, 2007 there have been several recalls on these toys. Ireland, Poland, Cyprus, Lithuania, Hungary and the United Kingdom have recalled the Magic Grow Reptile and Dinosaur Eggs Wild World due to a choking risk.{{cn|date=May 2022}} In the United Kingdom, an expanding spider toy was recalled in 2010 for not complying with the European standard EN 71, in that the toy's legs could be broken off and swallowed, expanding in the stomach.{{Cite web |url=http://www.toysafetyrecalls.ca/childrens-toy-recalls.aspx?id=5571 |title=Toy Recalls & Toy Safety Information |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225001812/http://www.toysafetyrecalls.ca/childrens-toy-recalls.aspx?id=5571 |archive-date=2014-12-25 |url-status=dead }}
In 2022, the "Orbeez Challenge" encouraged people to shoot one at strangers with gel-ball guns, or airsoft guns, filled with Orbeez.{{cite news |title=The 'Orbeez Challenge' is causing harm in parts of Georgia and Florida, police warn |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/03/16/1087003808/the-orbeez-challenge-is-causing-harm-in-some-communities-police-warn |access-date=2 May 2022 |work=NPR.org |language=en}}