Eyemouth disaster
{{short description|October 1881 weather disaster in Scotland}}
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{{Use British English|date=July 2014}}
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File:Eyemouth memorial to the fishing disaster of 1881.jpg
The Eyemouth disaster was a severe European windstorm that struck the south-eastern coast of Scotland on 14 October 1881. One hundred and eighty-nine fishermen, most of whom were from Eyemouth, were drowned. Many citizens of Eyemouth call the day Black Friday.
Disaster
Following a period of poor weather, the morning of 14 October was calm. Though the storm was predicted (as the barometric pressure was very low), the fishing fleets put to sea through economic necessity.[https://www.historyscotland.com/history/the-eyemouth-disaster/ The Eyemouth Disaster - Historic Scotland][https://eyemouthmuseum.co.uk/the-museum/fishing-disaster/ Eyemouth Museum - Fishing Disaster]
Many of the fishing boats were either capsized, or wrecked against the coastline.[https://www.scottisharchivesforschools.org/naturalScotland/EyemouthDisaster.asp Scottish Archives for Schools - The Eyemouth Fishing Disaster, 1881] John Doull, from the Fishery Office in Eyemouth, hypothesized that there were so many casualties because many ships could not see the land due to the storm, and they sailed too close to land and thus were smashed against the rocks without being able to safely make it back out to sea or into the port. Additionally, many of the ships did not have their ballast stowed properly, which exacerbated damage or sunk ships due to it being thrown around the hold during the storm.{{Cite web |last=Fallon |first=Sue |last2=Vosper |first2=Lynne |date=2023-05-05 |title=Black Friday – The Great Eyemouth Fishing Disaster of 14 October 1881 |url=https://nmmc.co.uk/2023/05/black-friday-the-great-eyemouth-fishing-disaster-of-14-october-1881/ |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=National Maritime Museum Cornwall |language=en}}
Casualties
- Eyemouth - 129
- Burnmouth - 24
- Newhaven - 17[http://www.oldleither.com/Hurricane.html Edinburgh Evening News Oct15,1881]
- Cove - 11
- Fisherrow - 7
- Coldingham Shore - 3
Some boats that had not capsized were wrecked on the Hurkar Rocks. Many houses were also destroyed. Two days later, the Ariel Gazelle turned up in Eyemouth, having braved the storm instead of fleeing.{{cite web|title=Historical Prints: Ariel Gazelle|url=http://eyemouthmuseum.co.uk/product/product-4/|website=Eyemouth Museum|access-date=February 18, 2018}}
Aftermath
File:Eyemouth Fishing Tragedy Memorial, St Abbs - from Flickr 1618699658.jpg - figures of women and children look out to sea. Similar memorials can be found at other towns effected.]]
A donation-led relief fund was established to provide financial security to families who had lost members to the storm. The response was significant, bringing in over £50,000 (£{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|50000|1881|2021|r=-4}}}} in 2021).{{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}}[http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/rp2006/rp06-009.pdf New Research Paper 2005 template] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326045820/http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/rp2006/rp06-009.pdf |date=26 March 2009 }} Widows could collect 5 shillings a week unless they remarried, and an additional two shillings and sixpence for each child currently attending school.
The disaster was the subject of a contemporary oil on canvas painting by Scottish artist J. Michael Brown.
See also
Notes
{{reflist}}
References
- Peter Aitchison. Children of the Sea: The Story of the People of Eyemouth. Tuckwell Press Ltd, 2001.
Further reading
- "Black Friday" by Peter Aitchison {Birlinn Press, 2006}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070808180054/http://www.scottish-pamphlet-poetry.com/index.cgi?publisher=41 "The Boy Who Came Ashore"] by Alan Gay (Dreadful Night Press, 2006)
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20101002230055/http://www.worldofboats.org/localarea/eyemouth-disaster The Eyemouth Disaster - Black Friday]
- [http://sites.scran.ac.uk/secf_final/danger/links/link3.php The Eyemouth Disaster of 1881]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20021007210635/http://www.geocities.com/scotborder/Eyemouth.html Listing of Individuals who Perished]
- [http://www.scotsman.com/news/when-the-seas-swallowed-scotland-s-fishermen-1-466175 When the seas swallowed Scotland's fishermen]
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qws6sqKIOPw&feature=youtu.be The 1881 disaster memorials]
{{fishing history}}
{{European windstorms}}
{{Heat waves in the United Kingdom}}
{{1881 shipwrecks}}
Category:Natural disasters in Scotland
Category:1881 natural disasters