Eyre Massey Shaw

Shaw was born in Ballymore, County Cork, Ireland and was educated first at a school in the nearby town of Cobh, and then at Trinity College, Dublin where he graduated in 1847.{{Cite newspaper The Times

|title=Sir Eyre Massey Shaw |department=Obituaries |date=26 August 1908

|page=11 |issue=38735 |column=B }}{{Cite web |title=Sir Eyre Massey Shaw |url=https://masseyshaw.org/learning-zone/sir-eyre-massey-shaw/ |website=Massey Shaw Education Trust}}

Shaw was originally set on taking holy orders to become a priest, but following his degree, he decided to travel to the United States. He travelled for four- to five years, and in that time witnessed a number of large fires and the techniques being used at that time to fight them. This started a fascination with firefighting that would last for the rest of his life.

Shaw returned to Ireland in 1854, where he gained a commission in the North Cork Rifles, a militia regiment (later the 9th Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps). He also married within the year a Portuguese lady from Lisbon.{{Cite web |last=Pike |first=David C |date=29 March 2020 |title=Captain Eyre Massey Shaw |url=https://beyondtheflamesandmore.home.blog/2020/03/29/captain-eyre-massey-shaw/ |website=I was a London Firefighter}} They had two sons; the first named after his father.

During his period of service, he reached the rank of captain.

In 1860 Belfast Corporation advertised for someone to be the superintendent of both police and fire services for the city, and Shaw submitted his CV for consideration. Despite not being experienced or qualified for the job, he was awarded the position and moved to Belfast to take up the role of Inspector of Belfast Borough Police and Director of the fire Brigade in June 1860, on a salary of £300 a year,{{Cite news |date=19 May 1860 |title=Ireland |pages=7 |work=Volunteer Service Gazette and Military Dispatch |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0001104/18600519/021/0007?browse=true}} resigning his army position.{{Cite news |date=14 May 1860 |title=Inspector of Police and Fire Brigade of Belfast |work=Cork Constitution |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001646/18600514/022/0002}}

His appointment was regarded as successful both on policing and firefighting. He was credited with quelling rioting between Catholics and Protestants whilst maintaining the respect of both, as well as transforming a poorly organised fire service, including making extensive recommendations for modernisation of equipment and practices.{{Cite news |date=18 February 1861 |title=To the police committee of the town council |work=Belfast Mercury |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000784/18610218/105/0003}}

File:Grave of Eyre Massey Shaw in Highgate Cemetery.jpg]]

In September 1861, the head of London's insurance company fire service, the London Fire Engine Establishment, James Braidwood, was killed in the line of duty while fighting a massive fire in Tooley Street. The position was advertised, and Shaw was engaged, despite having only a little over a year's experience of managing a brigade.{{Cite news |date=22 August 1861 |title=England |work=Greenock Advertiser |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000970/18610822/041/0004}}{{Cite news |date=21 August 1861 |title=Appointment of Captain Shaw to the superintendence of the London Fire Brigade |work=Belfast Mercury |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000784/18610821/058/0003}}

In 1865, Parliament passed the Metropolitan Fire Brigade Act, placing responsibility for fire protection in the Metropolitan Fire Brigade (combining the former London Fire Engine Establishment and the Society for the Protection of Life from Fire), to be supervised by the Metropolitan Board of Works. Shaw headed the new brigade.[http://www.firebrigadehistory.netfirms.com/fire_brigade_history.html Fire Brigade history] at www.firebrigadehistory.netfirms.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704181136/http://www.firebrigadehistory.netfirms.com/fire_brigade_history.html|date=4 July 2007}}[http://www.aovq74.dsl.pipex.com/history.htm History] at www.aovq74.dsl.pipex.com {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509165216/http://www.aovq74.dsl.pipex.com/history.htm|date=9 May 2008}}

Shaw was an influential thinker on firefighting, publishing at least seven books on the subject. He is noted for his introduction of uniforms and the famous brass helmets (c. 1868), and for introducing a ranking system. He also introduced the use of the electrical telegraph for communication between stations (c. 1867),{{cite web|title=Sir Eyre Massey Shaw|url=http://www.masseyshaw.org/education/learning-zone/sir-eyre-massey-shaw|website=Massey Shaw Educational Trust|access-date=14 July 2017}}{{cite web|title=Telegraph|url=http://londonfirejournal.blogspot.co.uk/2008/12/telegraph.html|website=London Fire Journal| date=4 December 2008 |access-date=14 July 2017}} and stand pipes and fire hydrants.{{cite web|title=London Fire Brigade Museum, Winchester House|url=http://londonbusesonebusatatime.blogspot.co.uk/2015/09/london-fire-brigade-museum-winchester.html|website=London buses: and now London's Museums| date=22 September 2015 |access-date=14 July 2017}}

As London grew during the late 19th century, Shaw expanded the number of fire stations. In 1861, the LFEE had comprised 17 land and two river stations and 129 men; when he retired 30 years later, the brigade's estate comprised 55 land and four river stations, 127 street escape and hose-cart stations, 675 personnel and 131 horses. Sloping floors in fire stations allowed engines to move out more easily ('on the run', a term still used today). Under his leadership, he also procured steam fire engines, contacting the main manufacturers, Merryweather & Sons and Shand Mason, and working with them to develop an engine which could be pulled by two horses and produce several jets at high pressure (on average, 300 gallons of water per minute).

When the Fire Brigade was taken over by the London County Council in 1889, he disagreed with the administration and resigned in 1891. He was knighted by Queen Victoria on his last day of service. Shaw died at Folkestone on 25 August 1908 and is buried in the east side of Highgate Cemetery.

After his resignation from the fire service, Shaw became managing director of the Palatine Insurance Company and chairman of the Metropolitan Electricity Board.

He was later made Deputy Lieutenant of Middlesex.

File:Captain Shaw - Entr'acte.png

In his work with the Fire Engine Establishment and later the Metropolitan Fire Brigade, Shaw became most concerned with the fire safety of theatres. Theatres were frequent sources of fire, with combustible scenery covered in oil paints in close proximity to naked flame gas lamps.

Such was his concern, that in 1876, he published the book Fires in Theatres, setting out some of the risks and methods specific to theatres.{{cite web|publisher=Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors|title=Why fire evacuation exit advice is based on false premises|last=Sandland-Taylor|first=Simon|date=2022-09-22|url=https://ww3.rics.org/uk/en/journals/built-environment-journal/fire-evacuation-exit-advice-building-control-surveyors.html}} He was particularly concerned with the lack of regulation and control in the sector.

In 1887, the devastating Exeter Theatre Royal fire claimed the lives of 186 people, and Shaw was appointed to conduct a parliamentary inquiry (with a jury) and to report back. The jury of 21 returned a verdict of accidental death.{{cite news|publisher=BBC News|title=Exeter Theatre Fire|date=2003-06-09|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/southwest/series3/exeter_theatre_fire.shtml}}

Shaw submitted his report to the government on 29 September 1887, and in it he placed the blame firmly with the architect, Phipps. Phipps defended himself from the blame, deflecting to the fact that a number of changes had been made during construction from the designs that he proposed.{{cite web|publisher=Stage Beauty|title=The Fire at the Theatre Royal, Exeter|url=http://www.stagebeauty.net/th-frames.html?http&&&www.stagebeauty.net/th-exfire.html|year=2010|last=Gillian|first=Don}}

This proved to be the catalyst for action, and gradually regulations were tightened.

Shaw published a number of books:

• Fires and Fire Brigades{{cite web|title=Fires and Fire Brigades|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PL81AQAAMAAJ|last1=Shaw |first1=Eyre Massey |year=1889 }}
• Fire Protection: A complete manual{{cite web|title=Fire Protection:A complete manual|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p_pCAQAAMAAJ|last1=Shaw |first1=Eyre Massey |year=1890 }}
• Fire Surveys: A summary of the principles to be observed in estimating the risk of buildings{{cite web|title=Fire Surveys|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SQIeAAAAMAAJ|last1=Shaw |first1=Eyre Massey |year=1872 }}
• Instructions for the use and management of Fire escapes and the rescue of life from fire{{cite web|title=Instruction for the Use and Management of Fire Escapes and the Rescue of Life from Fire|year=1868 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jLtbAAAAcAAJ}}

File:Punch - Shaw.png]]

• Instructions concerning Branches and Nozzles{{cite web|title=Instruction concerning Branches and Nozzles|year=1868 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GL1bAAAAcAAJ}}
• Fire in Theatres{{cite web|title=Fire in Theatres|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f1xDAQAAMAAJ|last1=Shaw |first1=Sir Eyre Massey |year=1889 }}
• Instructions concerning air and water{{cite web|title=Instructions concerning air and water|year=1869 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kDcMxhkVvUIC}}

Shaw was a well-known socialite and a personal friend of the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII). A firefighting outfit was always kept ready at Charing Cross Fire Station in case the Royal heir chose to firefight.{{cite web |url=http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/ChiefOfficerCaptainShaw.asp |title=Chief Officer Captain Shaw |work=London Fire Brigade |year=2012 |access-date=30 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406235435/http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/ChiefOfficerCaptainShaw.asp |archive-date=6 April 2013 |url-status=dead }}

Shaw is best remembered today as the "Captain Shaw" to whom the Fairy Queen in Gilbert and Sullivan's Iolanthe addresses herself, " … In that we gain/A Captain Shaw!/(Aside.)Oh, Captain Shaw!/Type of true love kept under!/Could thy Brigade/With cold cascade/Quench my great love, I wonder!"{{cite book | url=https://www.amazon.com/Complete-Gilbert-Sullivan-Modern-Library/dp/B001UBD81G | title=The Complete Plays of Gilbert and Sullivan | date=January 1936 | publisher=The Modern Library }} a reference to Shaw's popularity with certain aristocratic ladies of the town. Shaw was present in the stalls at the first night of Iolanthe in 1882, and Alice Barnett, playing the Fairy Queen, addressed herself directly to him.{{cite book |last1=Bradley |first1=Ian C. |author1-link=Ian Bradley |title=The complete annotated Gilbert and Sullivan |year=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199392421 |page=492 |edition=2016}}{{Cite ODNB|id=36046|title=Shaw, Sir Eyre Massey}} Legend has it that he stood up and took a bow. In 1886 Shaw was named in an adultery lawsuit involving Lady Colin Campbell who was sitting next to Shaw at the Iolanthe premiere.

In conjunction with professor John Tyndall of the Royal Society, Shaw designed a fire respirator for the use of his firefighters.{{cite thesis |last=Lim |first= T. S.|date= September 1982|title= The protection factor of industrial half-mask respirators|type= PhD|chapter= Introduction|publisher= University of Surrey|docket= |oclc= |chapter-url=http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847644/1/10800311.pdf |access-date=26 January 2021}}

The London brigade's 1935 fireboat was named Massey Shaw in his honour.{{cite web |title=History |url=https://masseyshaw.org/about/history/ |website=Massey Shaw Education Trust |access-date=26 January 2021}}

Winchester House, the headquarters of the Metropolitan Fire brigade in Southwark, which also included a residence for Shaw, later became the London Fire Brigade Museum (now closed); an English Heritage Blue plaque still adorns the building and states that Shaw lived there.{{cite web |url= http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/shaw-sir-eyre-massey-1830-1908 |title=Shaw, Sir Eyre Massey (1830–1908) |work=English Heritage |year=2012 |access-date=30 September 2012}}

{{reflist}}

{{Portal|Biography}}

{{Commons category|Captain Eyre Massey Shaw}}

• {{Internet Archive author |sname=Eyre Massey Shaw}}
• [http://www.masseyshaw.org The Fireboat Massey Shaw]

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