FDI screening
{{Use British English|date=January 2024}}
States use foreign direct investment (FDI) screening (investment screening for short) to prevent foreign investors from buying national assets at bargain prices or reducing competition, and to protect national security and critical infrastructure.{{Cite journal |last=Evenett |first=Simon J. |date=May 2021 |title=What Caused The Resurgence In FDI Screening? |url=https://www.suerf.org/docx/f_942daac277daced487d09ddcbe753d73_24933_suerf.pdf |journal=SUERF Policy Notes |issue=240}} As of 2023, FDI screening mechanisms are employed by around 50 countries among those participating in OECD discussions on freedom of investment.{{Cite web |last=OECD |date=2023 |title=Investment policy developments in 61 economies between 16 October 2021 and 15 March 2023 |url=https://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/Investment-policy-monitoring-April-2023.pdf |page=9 |quote=At present, over 80% of the 61 economies that participate in the FOI Roundtables have some instruments in place to manage security implications of foreign investments.}} FDI screening methods include procedures to assess, investigate, authorise, condition, prohibit or unwind FDIs.{{Cite web |title=Screening framework for foreign direct investments |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/screening-framework-for-foreign-direct-investments.html |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=eur-lex.europa.eu |language=en}}
Per state
= European Union =
{{Excerpt|EU FDI screening framework|paragraphs=1-2}}
The introduction of national FDI Screening regimes is a global trend, with many EU Member States now having FDI Screening regimes in place. As of September 2024, 24 out of 27 EU member states had FDI screening mechanisms in place.{{Cite web |title=A New European Commission Proposal on Foreign Direct Investment Screening: Towards Greater Harmonization? |url=https://www.crowell.com/en/insights/client-alerts/a-new-european-commission-proposal-on-foreign-direct-investment-screening-towards-greater-harmonization |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=Crowell & Moring - A New European Commission Proposal on Foreign Direct Investment Screening: Towards Greater Harmonization? |language=en}} The most recent state to have introduced an FDI screening regime is Ireland, which adopted the Screening of Third Country Transactions Act 2023 (the FDI Act), which became effective in late 2024.{{cite web |title=Inward investment screening |url=https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/what-we-do/trade-investment/investment-screening/ |website=enterprise.gov.ie |publisher=Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment |access-date=13 September 2024 |language=en}}
= United States =
In 2018, the United States adopted the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act, which expanded the oversight capacity of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) for foreign investments.{{Citation |last=Accaoui Lorfing |first=Pascale |title=Screening of Foreign Direct Investment and the States’ Security Interests in Light of the OECD, UNCTAD and Other International Guidelines |date=2021 |work=Public Actors in International Investment Law |pages=179–199 |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-58916-5_10 |access-date=2024-09-13 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-58916-5_10 |isbn=978-3-030-58916-5 |pmc=7927795}}